Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de fórmulas de sustratos alternativos en la germinación de semillas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea var.italica)(2024-08) Altamirano Núñez, Christian Rodrigo; Guerrero Cando, David AníbalSeed health is a vital factor for successful agricultural production to prevent the spread of different pathogens. Likewise, soil suppression is very important to help seed germination, and it is necessary to have a large number of beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, the use of a good substrate is one of the key points to ensure healthy and vigorous seedlings. In this sense, in the present research, different substrate formulas for broccoli seed germination were evaluated, where different percentages of Azolla enriched with zeolite and humic acids were evaluated on plant height, germination percentage, leaves per plant, root volume and percentage of useful plants. The following proportions were used: S1 (Azolla 70% + zeolite 30%), S2 (Azolla 69.5% + zeolite 29.5 % + humic acids 1.0%), S3 (Azolla 69% + zeolite 29 % + humic acids 2%), S4 (Azolla 68.5% + zeolite 28.5 % + humic acids 3.0%) and it was compared with a commercial substrate, S5 based on Sphagnum peat. The effect of the different substrates was observed where significant differences were observed between them. The greatest plant height was obtained with the substrate composed of 68.5% Azolla, 28.5% zeolite and 3.0% humic acids, with which the plants reached 2.52 cm and 3.2 cm at 15 and 30 days, respectively. Likewise, the number of leaves per plant (3.13 leaves), root volume (0.45 ml), germination percentage (95.70%) and useful plants (92.67%) were observed with the same substrate, whose values were significantly equal to those obtained with the commercial substrate. Although the costs for obtaining the different substrates did not show significant differences, the use of substrates based on Azolla enriched with zeolite and humic acids is suggested, since these are products that are easily available in the area.Item Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 15 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.44. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 20 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.30. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de cama caliente en la propagación asexual de arándanos (vaccinium myrtillus)(2023-12) Vaca Mayorga, Christian Ruperto; Curay Quisphe, Segundo EuclidesThe present investigation was carried out on the property of Eng. Ruperto Vaca, in the Tambo Centro hamlet of the Cevallos Canton of the province of Tungurahua, the origin of the cuttings is from 3-year-old plants from the Corp Harvest company located in the Huachi Grande parish from the Ambato canton. An experimental investigation was carried out with a completely randomized design with the following specifications: 3 types of substrates, 2 classes of hormones, 2 temperatures and their respective control, Tukey significance tests were applied at 5% to differentiate between treatments. The analysis of variance was carried out and the Tukey test at 5 was performed on the source of variation corresponding to treatments. The data that was analyzed were: Growth of the cutting, length of the root, days to rooting, percentage of rooting, number of roots. The economic analysis was carried out using the benefit-cost relationship. It is concluded that the temperature applied to the blueberry cuttings with the implementation of hot beds directly affects the rooting of the cuttings since in all the variables studied in this experiment the best results were achieved. By studying the effect of rooting hormones, it was determined that the application of ANA influences the variables of cutting growth and root length, while the days to rooting, the percentage of rooting and the number of roots had better results with the IBA application. The substrate that provided the most suitable conditions for the rooting of blueberry cuttings in the experiment was coconut fiber, which had the best results in the variables studied, which is why it was established as the best to be used for blueberry rooting. in warm beds.Item Evaluación de sustratos para la producción de plántulas de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum B.)(2023-09) Marcalla Yanchaguano, Erika Alexandra; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe deterioration of the capacity of the land has led to the replacement of direct sowing by the use of seedbeds, with the use of substrates so that in this way they provide us with the production of quality plants. The substrate is one of the main means used for the seed to germinate properly. The objective of this research was to evaluate different substrates for the production of tree tomato seedlings (Solanum betaceum B). The research was carried out in the Research building, acclimatization area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, a completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was carried out, with three treatments and 4 repetitions (each). The substrates used were T1 (Compost50 % plus Gravel 50 %), T2 (Peat) and T3 (Coal - Husk 50 % plus Black Earth 50 %). For the data analysis, the Tukey test was carried out at 5%, at the end of the first phenological phase, which is 30 days after it began to germinate and 45 days after sowing. The germination percentage, plant height, root volume, number of true leaves, root length and stem diameter were evaluated; Carrying out the statistical analysis, it was prolonged that in the six variables prevailed in T2 (Peat), we obtained an average percentage of germination (80.8%) plant height of (8.57cm), root volume of (0. 57cc), number of true leaves (4), root length (4.38cm) and stem diameter (0.5cm), similar results were obtained with T3 (Carbon - Cascarilla plus Tierra Negra). While the compost plus gravel substrate (T1) was the one with the lowest germination percentage (2.83%), so it would not be advisable to use it for tree tomato seed germination.Item Influencia de sustratos orgánicos sobre la germinación de (Brassica oleracea L. var. Milán) en el cantón Pangua el Corazón(2023-09) Yanchapanta Aguaiza, Gladys Dalida; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe present investigation was carried out with the purpose of obtaining new methodological alternatives that influence the germination of cabbage seedlings (Brassica oleracea L.var. Milan), with organic fertilizers from agricultural residues such as (corn, cocoa and banana) with a percentage of worm humus mixtures of (60% - 40% and 50% - 50%). The investigation was carried out in the province of Cotopaxi canton Pangua El Corazón. The land is located at an elevation of 377m above sea level, its coordinates are: altitude: 1º8'12.45" S and Longitude: 79º13'13.60" W. The trial used a randomized block design (B.C.A) in a 3*2 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments and 6 repetitions. An analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% were performed. Data collection was carried out 32 days after sowing. Taking as results for the germination percentage variable, the treatment that stood out was T5 (60% plantain residue + worm humus 40%) with a percentage of 80%. While in the seedling height variable the treatment that stood out the most was T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a height of 8,12 cm, for the variable stem diameter and root volume the best result was obtained was treatment T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a stem diameter of 2,92 mm and 0,39 root volume. cc. That is, in the research carried out, the treatments that best stood out were T5 and T6.Item Evaluación de diferentes sustratos en la adaptación al trasplante de plantas de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth) obtenidas por semilla(2023-09) Pilco Quispe, Jonathan David; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoThe present research work focuses on the search for a new methodology for the use of different substrates containing physical and chemical properties adaptable to achieve a greater number of plants with less mortality when transplanting blackberry plants (Rubus glaucus Benth) obtained by seed, and the results present alternatives to blackberry growers and nurserymen in order to generate alternatives in the production of blackberry. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design (C.A.B.), with four replications. Analysis of variance and Tukey testat 5% were carried out. Data collection was carried out every 15 days for 60 days. For the plant height variable, the treatment that stood out was T4: sandy loam soil with a value of 3.73 cm. On the other hand, for the variable root length and root volume, the treatment that stood out was T3 compost 40% + peat moss 40% + pomina 20%, which gave a length value of 9.35 cm and a volume of 1.19 cc, due to its porosity of 79.54%, contributing to the movement of water in the growth and penetration of roots in the substrate, while the treatments with the greatest adaptation were T4, with a value of 56.75%, followed by T3, with a value of 56.50%.Item Evaluación de distintos medios de cultivo in vitro para la elaboración de micelio del hongo ostra blanco (Pleurotus ostreatus) (Jacq.) P. Kumm., en laboratorio(2023-03) Padilla Erazo, Katiushka Susana; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe work was carried out in the microbiology laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, located in the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose of evaluating different in vitro culture media for the elaboration of mycelium of the fungus. white oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) (Jacq.) P. Kumm., The culture media used were four that resulted in four repetitions for each culture medium composed of Agar with malt extract; culture medium composed of potato, agar, dextrose and yeast; culture medium composed of wheat extract, malt extract, wheat straw extract, agar and dextrose; culture medium composed of Agar - Agar. The completely randomized design with four repetitions was used, the data of the response variables were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and those variables that show significant differences will be subjected to the comparison of means test according to Tukey at 5%, in For the evaluation of the different media, four repetitions of each elaborated culture medium were carried out and it was possible to determine that in the Agar - Agar medium no differences were registered, since once the culture medium was made and seeded with a segment of the oyster fungus white (Pleurotus ostreatus) (Jacq.) P. Kumm., showed mycelial growth with an average of 2.75 cm in the following culture media: Agar culture medium with malt extract; culture medium composed of malt extract, wheat extract, wheat straw, agar and dextrose; Culture medium composed of Agar - Agar after 20 days of remaining in the incubator, while in other culture mediums composed of potato, Agar, dextrose and yeast, results were recorded with greater growth after 20 days, since it began to Grow the mycelium with an average of 4.93 cm in the culture medium composed of potato, agar, dextrose and yeast. Sowing was carried out in barley seeds with the help of polyethylene plastic bags where they remained in the incubator wrapped with aluminum foil for 20 days; once with the biomass in each bag, the mycelium was planted in bags with substrates made with barley seeds and with straw mince, where the growth of the basidiocarps was observed after 20 days.Item Evaluación de sustratos y ácido salicílico en la producción de plántulas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica)(2023-03) Gutiérrez Tasinchana, Jenny Paulina; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe cultivation of broccoli in the last decades has had a growth in both the national and international market, so it is important to have seedlings that meet good adaptability for transplanting, growth and development to supply the supply and quality of the market. The objective of this research is to evaluate various substrates together with different concentrations of salicylic acid for the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica) seedlings. The present trial was carried out in the parish of Belisario Quevedo, in the canton of Latacunga, Cotopaxi province. An experimental design was carried out using completely randomized blocks (DBCA) with a factorial arrangement of 3*3+1 with three replications (nine treatments and a control). The substrates used were S1(Floragard), S2(Klasmann TS1, S3(BM2) and the dosage of salicylic acid was D1(1cc/L), D2(2cc/L) and D3(3cc/L), while T(control) consisted of humus and without AS applications. The data were analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% with a comparison of means between treatments. The application was made at 7 and 14 days after sowing, while data were collected 30 days after sowing. Germination percentage, root volume and length, number of leaves, stem diameter and total chlorophyll were evaluated. Based on the statistical analysis, it was determined that in four variables the S1D1 treatment (floragard substrate and salicylic acid at a dose of 1cc/L) predominated, where root volume obtained an average of 1.64cc, root length 8.73 cm, stem diameter 1.49 cm and total chlorophyll 4.62 μg/g. While in the variable number of leaves the treatment that stood out was S1D2 (floragard substrate and salicylic acid at a dose of 2cc/L) which had more leaf area compared to the other treatments with an average of 2.53 leaves. On the other hand, the S2D2 treatment (klasmann TS1 substrate and a salicylic acid dose of 2cc/L) obtained a high germination percentage with a mean of 98.54%.Item Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos a base de subproductos agrícolas en la germinación de semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) variedad General(2022-09) Rumipamba Curicama, María Fernanda; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalAn agronomic evaluation of the feasibility of the production of vegetable seedbeds such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa) General variety was carried out, implanted in different substrates obtained from compost as a technological process for its production, the work was developed under greenhouse conditions. he composting phase was carried out on wooden crates, obtaining a total volume of 0.012 m3 per treatment, of which a volume of 0.009 m3 was used. The experimental design used contemplated a completely randomized block design and the ADEVA analysis of variance was applied, evaluating the characteristics of the substrates obtained with each biowaste and their effect on the dependent variables. Variables of germination vigor, plant development and quality of the substrates used were evaluated from bioresidues from the agricultural production of potatoes, corn and tree tomatoes in the province of Tungurahua. The substrates that allowed the best development of the plants in the lettuce crops were the mixture of potato residues plus a commercial substrate based on coconut fiber, with a vigorous plant development. The fact that the obtained substrates showed a C/N ratio close to or equal to the 20-25 range is highlighted, which predicts the fact that the influence exerted by the initial C/N ratio on the composting process and the action of the microorganisms obtained in the substrate. The seeds prepared with the best treatment germinated more quickly, presenting a larger seedling size, in addition to their growth being more vigorous, and their roots deployed more vigorously.
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