Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Análisis de las correlaciones entre cbr, dcp, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Moraspungo, cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Chica Torres, Marlon Adin; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth Lorena
    In the province of Cotopaxi, numerous roads are covered with a granular or ballast layer, representing a viable alternative for connecting communities and facilitating transportation. However, these roads have an irregular and variable surface, requiring good traction for the vehicles traveling on them. This highlights the need to pave these local roads. Nevertheless, information regarding the index and mechanical properties of the soils is limited. This experimental study aims to correlate these properties for application in the design of flexible pavements, benefiting the Pangua canton and other areas with similar soils. In this experimental study, four roads in the Moraspungo parish were selected. Random road sections were chosen, and 12 soil samples were collected through open-pit excavation (each weighing 50 kg) after removing the vegetative layer. Field and laboratory tests were conducted, including correlation analysis between CBR, DCP, and index and mechanical properties, following AASHTO and ASTM standards. These analyses allowed us to determine the soil’s resistance and bearing capacity. Through the results and the application of analytical and exploratory research, simple and multiple correlations were obtained, along with their corresponding CBR values. Using these CBR values, the flexible pavement design and its structural layers were developed based on the AASHTO 93 methodology. Linear regression analyses identified simple and multiple correlations, considering only those exceeding 70 percent. Fourteen significant correlations were determined, with coefficients ranging between 0.710 and 0.999. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for one of the selected roads, with the following structural layer thicknesses: 6.5 cm for the asphalt layer, 15 cm for the base, and 20 cm for the sub-base. These values were obtained from laboratory tests and correlation analyses.
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    Análisis de la correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias el Corazón, Pinllopata y Ramón Campaña del cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ojeda Martínez, Aracelly Nathaly; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth Lorena
    As time passes, roads face an increase in the loads that the pavement structures must support. The analysis of the correlation between CBR, DCP, index and mechanical properties of 12 soil samples collected in the study sectors was carried out. The index properties: the liquid limit, plasticity, plasticity index and granulometry, while the mechanical properties: density, optimal humidity and support capacity. CBR and DCP tests were carried out to determine the resistance and bearing capacity of the soils. For the correlations, an analytical approach methodology was used to analyze the data collected in the field and laboratory, and with these define simple and multiple correlations to obtain, from one of them, the CBR value necessary for the design of the flexible pavement in one of them. the routes studied. For which the qualitative and quantitative research method was applied, which allowed determining the data necessary for the calculation of the flexible pavement structure under the AASHTO 93 methodology. The results obtained were used to design the structure of the flexible pavement according to AASHTO Method 93, based on the CBR values obtained in the laboratory and through selected correlations, specific thicknesses were determined for the asphalt layer (10 cm), the granular base (15 cm) and the subbase (15 cm), with the option of starting with an initial asphalt layer 5 cm thick.
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    Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Isinliví y Chugchilán del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Gallardo Castañeda, María Paula; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    This experimental work arises due to the limited existing information on soil analysis in the sector. Recognizing that such characteristics are crucial for the planning and execution of construction projects, a soil analysis was conducted in the parishes of Isinliví and Chugchilán, located in the Sigchos canton, Cotopaxi province. The results of this analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing correlations. To establish significant relationships, an exhaustive analysis was performed on 12 soil samples extracted from the study area. These samples were subsequently subjected to both field and laboratory tests. Once the results were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed; this data allowed for the establishment of correlations between various soil characteristics, providing detailed insights into their properties.In the subsequent correlation analysis between the different tests, 22 significant correlations were identified, with determination coefficients ranging from Good to Excellent. Notably, the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the natural moisture content yielded a coefficient of 72.27, which was utilized in the pavement design process. Finally, a traffic study was conducted in the area to formulate a flexible pavement design proposal. The CBR values employed were derived from both laboratory tests and those obtained through the correlations, confirming their suitability for application in the pavement design phase.
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    Elaboración de un plan de mantenimiento y conservación vial desde la intersección de la vía e491 con la calle Guayaquil abscisa km 0+000 hasta el sector san pablo abscisa km 4+000, de la parroquia rural santa rosa del cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Romero Cedeño, Genesis Nayeli; Muyulema Muyulema, Danny German
    The road that connects the intersection of E491 with Guayaquil Street to the San Pablo sector, in the Santa Rosa parish, Ambato, presents significant deterioration that affects road safety and the fluidity of traffic. To address this problem, a comprehensive road maintenance and conservation plan has been developed that considers a vehicular traffic study, a surface and structural evaluation of the pavement, the design of an appropriate pavement structure and the estimation of a reference budget. The vehicular traffic study determined a current TPDA of 3196 veh/day, with a projection of 5883 veh/day for the year 2044. The pavement evaluation revealed an average PCI of 48, indicating a fair condition. Based on these results, three types of necessary interventions were identified: milling in the first section, complete reconstruction in the second section and land clearing with removal of the vegetation layer in the third section. A pavement structure was designed with a thickness of 5 cm for the asphalt layer, 15 cm of granular base and 20 cm of granular subbase, complying with AASHTO 93 regulations and considering the projected traffic. The total budget for the implementation of the maintenance plan is $496,751.15. As a result, the implementation of the road maintenance and conservation plan will improve road conditions, increase user safety, and optimize road maintenance management by the Santa Rosa parish GAD.
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    Evaluación superficial y estructural del pavimento de la av. Pitágoras desde el redondel de Terremoto Km 0+000 hasta el caserío San Luis km 4+000 de la parroquia Picaihua del cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Villegas Freire, Lucero del Belen; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson Lutgardo
    The road infrastructure of a city is an indispensable part for the economic and social development, therefore, the respective studies were carried out, determining that the road of the sector under study is currently in poor condition, which affects the safety, stability and reliability of the user. For this purpose, we began with a study of the current and projected TPDA; subsequently, the PCI of 15 sample units was determined and the Benkelman Beam test was performed at 9 points; the following tests were also carried out: DCP, abrasion, granulometry, Atterberg limits and CBR. Finally, a maintenance plan was proposed by sections based on track damage. As a result, in 20 years the road will be classified as a class I collector with a projected TPDA of 4,976 vehicles/day. As for the PCI, it was determined that from the 0+000 to the 2+730 abscissa it is in poor condition, for this reason, rehabilitation was proposed; however, from the 2+730 to the 4+000 abscissa it is in good condition, therefore, it only requires maintenance. On the other hand, with the Benkelman beam, it was determined that the first section has type III deflection, while the second has type I deflection. On the other hand, with the aforementioned tests it was identified that the road is made up of a granular layer corresponding to a class 4 base and a subgrade made up of silty sand. Finally, the budget required for maintenance is US $507,274.55.
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    Análisis de las correlaciones entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Sigchos del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Garces Oñate, Christian Ariel; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth Lorena
    The present experimental research work corresponds to a macroproject on correlations between the physical and mechanical properties of the soils of the province of Cotopaxi, by carrying out field and laboratory tests from representative soil samples, with the main objective of establishing empirical equations that, applied effectively, allow finding the properties of the soil based on other properties of the same in order to save time and money in carrying out essential tests for the design of pavements. The study area is included in the Sigchos parish belonging to the Sigchos canton, province of Cotopaxi, the experimental work was developed through phases, starting from a preliminary phase in which a technical inspection of the study area was carried out and established the sampling points, once the preliminary phase was completed, we continued with phase 1 in which the different soil tests were carried out in order to determine its index and mechanical properties, to continue with the phase 2 of carrying out the correlations between the results of the properties found, obtaining a total of twenty-four correlations with coefficients of determination between 68 and 98 percent, considered acceptable from 50 percent onwards. Finally, the results found from the laboratory CBR and the correlations are applied in the design of a flexible pavement for one of the roads studied, in order to demonstrate the applicability of the results of this experimental work.
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    Correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de la parroquia La Maná del cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pérez Camino, Erick Joel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    The presence of ballasted roads in the province of Cotopaxi in need of asphalt is evident; however, the existing database on the index and mechanical properties of the soils is insufficient. For the benefit of La Maná parish and areas with similar soil characteristics, the purpose of the experimental work is to find correlations between the mentioned properties and apply them to the design of flexible pavement. Four roads, located in different areas of the parish were identified. Test pits were made, removing the existing vegetative layer, followed by the extraction of 12 soil samples of approximately 50 kilograms at each identified points, field tests were carried out, and the samples were taken to be tested in the laboratories of the Civil Engineering department, respecting AASHTO and ASTM standards. Considering the results obtained from the tests, simple correlations were performed through regression analysis, and multiple correlations were established using the least squares method. Only correlations exceeding 70 percent, classified as good, were selected. As a result, 22 correlations between index and mechanical properties of the soils were determined, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.7021 to 0.9538. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for the rural areas of the parish, resulting in 6.5cm for the asphalt layer, 10cm for the base, and 15cm for the sub – base, with the CBR value obtained in the laboratory and by correlation.
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    Análisis de las correlaciones entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias las pampas y palo quemado, cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Nauque Villacís, César Alexander; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth Lorena
    The main objective of this experimental work was to establish correlation equations between CBR (California Bearing Ratio), DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetrometer), and the index and mechanical properties of soils in the Las Pampas and Palo Quemado parishes of the Sigchos canton in the Cotopaxi province. The intention is to use these equations to obtain approximate values of soil properties and apply them in the preliminary design of a flexible pavement structure. It is important to note that this proposal does not aim to replace the standardized soil testing methodology. Achieving this objective was divided into three phases. In the first phase, four roads were selected from among the two parishes, with three boreholes per road for a total of twelve. In these boreholes, in-situ tests were conducted, and samples were extracted for laboratory analysis. Laboratory tests were performed on the twelve samples to determine the index and mechanical properties of the soils. For the second phase, correlations were established between these properties, considering those with a coefficient of determination greater than seventy percent as valid. Finally, in the third phase, the design of the flexible pavement structure was carried out for the road connecting both parishes under study. In this process, both the laboratory-obtained CBR and the CBR derived from a selected correlation were used. It is noteworthy that there was no difference, as for both methods, the design consisted of an asphalt layer of 10 cm, a base of 15 cm, and a subbase of 20 cm. It was concluded that there is not a good correlation between CBR and DCP, as the coefficient of determination fell outside the acceptable range.
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    Evaluación superficial y de la estructura del pavimento de la vía Quero – Mocha abscisa 4+300 - 8+600, ubicada entre los cantones Quero y Mocha de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Toaquiza Licta, Jenny Paulina; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson Lutgardo
    The significance of the Quero-Mocha road lies in its crucial role connecting two cantons with prominent agricultural production in the Tungurahua province. Activities such as traffic counting and a thorough analysis of the subgrade and granular material, accompanied by a detailed evaluation of the pavement layer, were carried out in this context. A quantitative, qualitative, and descriptive methodology guided by ASTM, AASHTO, MTOP standards was employed. Data on both surface and structural deficiencies were collected through laboratory and field studies, including activities such as TPDA, surface deflection revealing acceptable behavior. Using the PCI method, the need for periodic maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction on the road was determined. The DCP test with a field CBR of 21.055 percent was conducted. Soil samples were extracted through pits every kilometer along the road. Results unveiled that the subgrade consists of non-plastic fine sand A-3, and the granular material features a composition of rock fragments, gravel, and sand A-1-b, both classified as excellent too good. A CBR of 24.15 percent was obtained for the subgrade, crucial data for generating the maintenance plan. As a result, a maintenance plan was devised to ensure the optimal condition of the road, with a reference budget of $462,218.55. Laboratory analyses identified the road materials, considered to optimize construction costs.
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    Evaluación superficial y de la estructura del pavimento de la vía Pelileo – Guayaquil abscisa 0+000 – 4+580, ubicada entre los cantones Quero y Pelileo de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Toaquiza Licta, Jonathan Freddy; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson Lutgardo
    The Pelileo-Guayaquil highway connects the Quero and Pelileo cantons, and its analysis is truly crucial. So far, no previous study has been conducted on this road, leading to the proposal of a road maintenance plan. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed due to the analysis of the physical components of the structure. The process began with a traffic count, obtaining the value of the Average Daily Traffic (ADT) and Projected Traffic. Samples were taken from the subgrade and granular part of test pits, with 1 cubic meter samples for every kilometer. These samples underwent tests such as gradation, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). According to the MTOP-2002 classification, the road was identified as a medium-capacity C1-type highway. Subsequently, the pavement was analyzed using the PCI method, revealing that the road is in a "Good" condition. Pavement deflections were moderately good, and a fine sand A – 3 was obtained with an average CBR of 28.475 percent, indicating excellent suitability for the subgrade. Similar tests were conducted on the granular part, categorizing it as a Base Class 4 with an average CBR of 87.73 percent. The abrasion test resulted in an average value of 38.43 percent, indicating an "Excellent" rating for the base. Finally, a road maintenance plan was established, which can be executed with a budget of $208,533.13. This information will be valuable in understanding the physical components of the pavement structure.