Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño geométrico de la vía comprendida entre Llimpe Grande y el Cerro los Llimpes pertenecientes a la parroquia la Matriz, cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Vargas Aguilar, Solanda Margoth; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánThis project focuses on improving the road infrastructure of the Llimpe Grande Community to Cerro “Los Llimpes”, the latter an important tourist attraction in the Quero Canton. The objective is to solve transportation problems that affect local agriculture, livestock and tourism, thus promoting the socioeconomic development of the area, as well as of the Canton itself. The work was divided into three main phases. The first phase includes field activities such as delimitation of the area to intervene, topographic survey of the area, vehicle counting and extraction of soil samples. In the second phase, the geometric design of the road was carried out, among which we have the following parameters obtained based on regulations, these are horizontal, vertical and transversal designs, as well as the design of drainage works and the pavement structure. The third phase focused on the preparation of the reference budget. The visual results determined a clearly mountainous relief with quite steep slopes; the traffic study classified the road as class IV. The soil analysis revealed a silty sand type, suitable for subgrade. A pavement structure was designed with a 5 cm asphalt layer, a 10 cm base and a 20 cm subbase. The reference budget for the execution of the project was estimated at $2,144,191.38, a figure that will determine the viability of the work. This investment seeks to significantly improve connectivity, commerce and tourism in the town, contributing to the economic and social growth of the community.Item Diseño geométrico y de pavimentos de la vía interparroquial Aláquez – San Marcos – Pilatan tramo 0+000 a 4+810 de la ciudad de Latacunga provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-07) Chulde Osorio, Bryan Alexander; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaThe Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Aláquez Parish of the Latacunga canton, in favor of territorial investment, has sought to improve the current conditions of its road network, with the purpose of enhancing the commercial attractiveness of small and medium-sized industries, as well as, the collective well-being of the sector, which will benefit from the positive impacts that an adequate road infrastructure attracts. For the project, multiple processes were carried out in order to obtain bases and resources that converge in the geometric and road pavement design, all of them based on the MTOP 003 and AASHTO regulations, starting with vehicle counting and traffic analysis. existing where the traffic variation was observed during a week, and future traffic was projected considering volumes of fuel consumption for a 20-year design period; This allowed the road to be classified as “Class III Collector”, subsequently the topographic survey of a total of 4.81 km was carried out, with slopes between 5 and 15 percent, in such a way that the relief was considered undulating. In addition, a total of 5 soil samples from 5 pits were tested to obtain their index and mechanical properties, which showed, as a general result, the presence of soil of excellent to good quality. Finally, after carrying out the design and considering the transversal drainage works, designed with rainfall information collected from precipitation and temperature bulletins from 2018 to 2021, the reference budget of the project was estimated, which is equal to $1,505,478.42.Item Análisis del comportamiento del asfalto reciclado mezclado con vidrio de la vía Cevallos – Mocha en el tramo km 0 + 000 al km 3 + 306 de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Fernández López, Jorge Estuardo; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolCurrently, various techniques are used for the design of asphalt mixtures; however, in Ecuador, the implementation of materials such as crushed glass and asphalt pavement has not been fully accepted. The current project aims to analyze asphalt mixtures with partial substitution of these recycled materials, addressing both the environmental and economic aspects. Therefore, we started with a preliminary study where we collected data on the road under study and basic information on the incorporation of RAP and crushed glass, tests were carried out on the stone aggregates and recycled materials in order to evaluate their quality and determine their mechanical properties, 15 conventional briquettes were made, Through the Marshall method, an optimum percentage of asphalt was obtained, allowing to obtain an adequate asphalt mixture that served as a base to substitute the proportions of the materials in question, four design alternatives of asphalt mixtures were executed, which had different percentages of crushed glass and recycled asphalt. The first three alternatives worked with the optimum AC-20 content of the conventional asphalt mix, while for the last alternative an optimum content of 6.65 percent AC-20, 4.82 percent RAP and 4.42 percent crushed glass was determined. All the asphalt mixes were evaluated using parameters established by the MOP-001-F-2002 standard. As a result, and in compliance with the last objective of the project, the respective master formulas were established for each asphalt mix design executed.Item Evaluación de las vías urbanas en el cantón Ambato del sector comprendido entre las calles Edmundo Martínez, vía a Martínez, La Heroína, Av. Rodrigo Pachano(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Soria Montero, Jimena Cristina; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoWith the lack of access to updated information about the condition of the roads in different areas of the city of Ambato, this project uses visual assessment and the Pavement Condition Index PCI and the respective regulations to identify and analyze the condition of the roads in the Atocha area in the city of Ambato and GPS was used to obtain coordinates of each failure point and with this a detailed database of the road network was created. An evaluation of the roads, curbs and sidewalks in the area was carried out, and the pathologies present were identified, these included deformations, detachments and other forms of damage to the road surface, coordinates were determined using GPS and a geo-referenced database of the road network was created using appropriate software that includes data on the location and condition of each road and details on needed repairs or maintenance, and geographic information system technology was used to map the roads and enter the information into the macro-project database. At the end of the study, this database will be delivered to the GAD Municipal de Ambato so that they can access updated information on road conditions and thus determine which roads are in need of maintenance.Item Evaluación de las vías urbanas en el cantón Ambato del sector comprendido entre la av. El Carrizo, El Algarrobo, El Bambú, El Sauce, Los Álamos, El Chupo, Jambelí y av. De Los Capulíes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-02) Izurieta Cordones, Lenin Rodrigo; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoBased on the lack of information on the physical condition of the road network in the canton of Ambato, this degree project used visual assessment through the Pavement Condition Index or PCI method and the MTOP standards to identify and analyze the condition of the roads in the Ficoa area in the city of Ambato and used RTK-10 equipment to obtain coordinates of each point of failure and thus create a georeferenced database of the road network. A thorough evaluation of the roads in the area was carried out, including the identification and classification of the pathologies present, including deformations, cracks and other forms of damage to the road surface and their severity, Coordinates were determined using RTK-10 equipment and a geo-referenced database of the road network was created using computer software that includes data on the location and condition of each road, as well as details on needed repairs or maintenance, and geographic information system (GIS) technology was used to map the roads and enter the information into the overall project database. At the end of the study, the databank will be delivered to the GAD Municipal de Ambato to facilitate access to detailed information on the condition of the roads and, with this, a road maintenance plan can be developed.Item Diseño de adoquines con mezcla asfáltica en frío utilizando agregados reciclados y no reciclados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020) Ushiña Toapanta, Jessica Magaly; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlIn this study about cold asphalt mixtures we determined the optimal percentage of asphalt emulsion analyzing the by Marshall stability test, also the performance to the compressive strength and finally to determinate the costs of manufacture of cobblestones with recycled and unrecycled aggregates for light and low traffic applications. In order to determine the parameters mentioned in the previous paragraph, it was necessary to test several test tube finding an optimal percentage of 10.5 percent for mixtures with recycled materials and 10.3 percent for non-recycled materials and stability of 5250 pounds - 4984 pounds respectively, for the test, 30 cobblestones were made as experiments, corresponding to two types of mixtures with three thicknesses of 6 cm, 7 cm and 8 cm, in order to choose the thickness that the best resistance has for both recycled and unrecycled materials. The maximum strengths obtained in the experiments were 38.84 Kg / cm2 for recycled materials and 37.66 Kg / cm2 for non-recycled ones. Due to the result of the strengths, the decision was taken to work with the experiment made with recycled materials of 6cm thick. In addition, an analysis of the final cost of the product was analyzed, giving as a result in a cost of USD 0.24 for cobblestones with recycled materials and USD0.39 for nonrecycled ones, which means that, the selected cobblestone is economically much lower than a traditional cobblestone which costs USD 0.35.Item Diseño de adoquines con mezclas asfálticas en caliente utilizando agregados reciclados y no reciclados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020) Aysabucha Yucailla, Katherin Liliana; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlTo make pavers with hot asphalt mixtures with recycled aggregates, samples of aggregates from Dr. Julio Enrique Paredes Street were taken, which were obtained through a milling process, and then a cracking process was carried out to perform the tests. The percentage of residual asphalt of the recycled aggregates was determined by the asphalt extraction test in which a percentage of 5.8% of asphalt cement was determined, then a granulometric analysis was performed to determine the particle size, reaching a particle size. Maximum size of half an inch. In order to make the cobblestones with unrecycled aggregates, crushed aggregates of the Los Pinos Mine were acquired, and it was carried out with a granulometry of maximum size of half an inch. The Marshall test was carried out to determine the optimum percentage of asphalt cement needed by our hot mixes and in this way we proceeded to manufacture pavers of 8, 7 and 6 cm. Cobblestones with recycled asphalt mixtures were tested 2 days after they were made, and concrete pavers were tested after 28 days to reach maximum strength. An articulated pavement was designed with pavers of hot asphalt mixtures with recycled aggregates, knowing the values of the thicknesses of each layer that forms an articulated pavement the cost analysis of articulated pavements with pavers of hot asphalt mixtures was performed, which He noticed a low value with respect to simple concrete pavers.Item Estudio del comportamiento de una mezcla asfáltica convencional y una mezcla asfáltica con agregado de origen volcánico (escoria y arena), adicionadas con polímero etileno vinil acetato (EVA), utilizando el ensayo MARZHALL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Romero Bayas, Cristina Isabel; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaIn the present experimental project, the results obtained from a study are analyzed to improve the properties of the asphalt mixture with Polymer Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA). Besides, two types of stone material were used for shaping the blends which are convencional materials from the Villacrés Mine and material of volcanic origen from the city of Baños, in order to determine the suitability of each material for the preparation of the mixture. To achieve the proposed objectives, the Marshall test was used. In first instance tests were performed with the fine and coarse aggregates, according to the specifications of the respective standards. Tests were then carried out on the asphalt to determine the required properties and verify if it is suitable for use in the mixture. Afterwards, the Eva polymer was obtained with its respective technical data sheet, in the Industrial Plasticaucho Company. Finally, 15 briqquetes with convencional mixture and 15 with aggregates of volcanic origen were elaborated; 3 specimens with each percentage of asphalt: 5, 5,5, 6, 6,5 and 7%, of which 6.4% and 6.6% were obtained as an optimum percentage of asphalt for each class of mixture respectively. Once this was done, 12 briquettes were prepared with the optimum percentage of asphalt and 0, 2, 3 and 4% of EVA; 3 specimens for each percentage, resulting in a significant increase in stability with 6.4% asphalt and 3.3% EVA for the conventional blend and 6.6% asphalt and 3.2% EVA for the mixture with scoria and volcanic sand. The flow values are also optimized significantly with these percentages, which clearly indicates that the incorporation of EVA Polymer in the asphalt mixture improves the properties of the blend. As a consequence of the present study, it is feasible to use EVA for the improvement of asphalt mixtures, in addition to setting a precedent for future research on the benefits of using this polymer in modified mixtures in Ecuador.Item Análisis del comportamiento a compresión de asfalto conformado por caucho reciclado de llantas como material constitutivo del pavimento asfáltico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Vega Zurita, Danilo Sebastián; Acosta Lozada, Rodrigo IvánItem Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de mezclas asfálticas con adición de caucho de llanta reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Guamanquispe Vaca, Fernanda Patricia; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoSamples were made to determine the differences between a mixture of conventional asphalt and modified asphalt samples with different percentages of recycled rubber tire fibers and different fiber sizes. In total, 60 briquettes were made between conventional and modified, which were tested and compared in the laboratory. Fifteen sample briquettes of conventional asphalt mixtures were prepared with different percentages of asphalt cement from 5% to 7% of the total of the mixture. The other 15 briquettes were made with different dosage, replacing 1% of the asphalt cement with recycled rubber fibers, the third samples are made by partially replacing the asphaltic cement with 1.5% recycled rubber and finally the fourth briquettes were made in the same way Replacing asphalt cement with 2% recycled rubber. After the briquettes were tested and their results compared to determine the changes in the properties of the asphalt mixtures, the results of the briquettes tested revealed an improvement in the properties of the modified asphalt mixtures.