Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Optimización de la geometría de la vía desde el puente Yanayacu hasta Píllaro entre las abs 0+000 – 4+875 perteneciente a la provincia Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Yanchaguano Sanchez, Jenny Maribel; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoGiven the transportation difficulties faced by the residents of the San Andrés parish, this project proposes to substantially improve the road infrastructure in this area. By optimizing the road that connects the Yanayacu bridge with Píllaro between sections 0+000 and 4+875, productive and tourist activities will be facilitated, generating new development opportunities for the Tungurahua sector. The project was structured into three main phases. The first phase corresponded to the preliminary studies, which included fieldwork such as topographic surveys and vehicle counts to determine the ADT of the road. Subsequently, in the second phase, soil studies were conducted, including destructive and non-destructive tests, to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, as well as the pavement deflections. Finally, in the third phase, using the data obtained in the previous phases, the geometry of the road was redesigned, taking into account the newly calculated TPDA, the soil characteristics, and the applicable technical standards. In this phase, the horizontal, vertical, and transverse design was defined, as well as the other geometric elements. Additionally, a budget was prepared that includes all the costs associated with the construction of the new road, thus ensuring the project's viability. The topographic analysis revealed a mountainous terrain with steep slopes, while the traffic study classified the road as class I. The soil tests indicated a sandy loam material with a CBR of 19.18 percent suitable for subgrade. The results of the deflection measurements with the Benkelman beam showed that 89 percent of the evaluated track length needs reconstruction. Based on these results, the pavement structure was redesigned, consisting of a 7.5 cm asphalt layer, a 15 cm base, and a 20 cm subbase. Finally, the estimated budget calculated for this project was $1´686,962.16Item Análisis del uso de ceniza de la hoja de Agave Americana (Cabuya) para la estabilización de suelo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Torres Portero, Juan Carlos; Muyulema Muyulema, Danny GermanSoil is a fundamental component in civil engineering, since it provides a basis for the construction of highways, rural roads and other infrastructure. Therefore, it is essential to carry out detailed studies to evaluate its physical and mechanical characteristics. In case it does not meet the technical requirements, it is necessary to consider alternatives, such as its replacement or the addition of elements or materials that improve its mechanical properties. The influence of American agave leaf ash (CHA) on the physical and mechanical properties of three soil samples was analyzed. Quantitative methodology was used, which included data collection and laboratory tests, such as moisture content, granulometric analysis, determination of specific gravity, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor test and CBR test. The results indicated that, for sample M1 (poorly graded sandy soil, SP), from Cevallos canton, the CBR value increased to 43.16 percent with the addition of 5.22 percent CHA, although this improvement was not representative. For sample M2 (silty soil, SM), collected in the Ambato canton, the CBR increased to 39.32 percent, with the addition of 16.92 percent CHA, showing a substantial improvement. Finally, sample M3 (high plasticity clayey soil, CH), taken from Puyo canton, reached a CBR value of 22.35 percent with the addition of 24.84 percent CHA, reflecting a significant improvement in its mechanical properties. In conclusion, the inclusion of agave leaf ash improves the mechanical properties of certain types of soils. However, in sandy soils (sample M1) the increase is not significant enough, while for silty and clayey soils (M2 and M3), it is considered an alternative for their stabilization.Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre cbr, dcp, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Moraspungo, cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Chica Torres, Marlon Adin; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaIn the province of Cotopaxi, numerous roads are covered with a granular or ballast layer, representing a viable alternative for connecting communities and facilitating transportation. However, these roads have an irregular and variable surface, requiring good traction for the vehicles traveling on them. This highlights the need to pave these local roads. Nevertheless, information regarding the index and mechanical properties of the soils is limited. This experimental study aims to correlate these properties for application in the design of flexible pavements, benefiting the Pangua canton and other areas with similar soils. In this experimental study, four roads in the Moraspungo parish were selected. Random road sections were chosen, and 12 soil samples were collected through open-pit excavation (each weighing 50 kg) after removing the vegetative layer. Field and laboratory tests were conducted, including correlation analysis between CBR, DCP, and index and mechanical properties, following AASHTO and ASTM standards. These analyses allowed us to determine the soil’s resistance and bearing capacity. Through the results and the application of analytical and exploratory research, simple and multiple correlations were obtained, along with their corresponding CBR values. Using these CBR values, the flexible pavement design and its structural layers were developed based on the AASHTO 93 methodology. Linear regression analyses identified simple and multiple correlations, considering only those exceeding 70 percent. Fourteen significant correlations were determined, with coefficients ranging between 0.710 and 0.999. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for one of the selected roads, with the following structural layer thicknesses: 6.5 cm for the asphalt layer, 15 cm for the base, and 20 cm for the sub-base. These values were obtained from laboratory tests and correlation analyses.Item Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia San Fernando de la Nueva Historia de Ambato, comprendida en la zona 50.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Calvache Palate, Edisson Fabian; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroThis work focuses on developing a road maintenance plan, which has been developed due to a lack of planning in the city of Ambato, for which an updated data collection of zone 50 will be carried out. This project was developed through three phases, the first one was carried out through a topographic survey that allowed us to know the relief of the area, the second one in the same way we proceeded with an analysis of vehicular traffic for which we used the hours with more traffic, In addition, through the analysis of the PCI we proceeded to identify each type of failure that exists in each of the roads in the area, thus analyzing the state in which the asphalt layer is, then we proceeded to conduct a soil study of the road that has greater structural damage to know what type of subgrade it is in. As a third step, a referential budget managed by the GAD of Ambato was made, to provide maintenance to the roads in the area. As a result we obtained a topographic survey of the roads, sidewalks and curbs, in addition to the fact that the area has a series of faults that are categorized from bad to excellent severity, within the analyzed roads, through the traffic study a TPDA of 291 veh/day was determined and likewise a projected TPDA of 592 veh/day by the year 2044. Likewise, the soil study determined that the road has a sandy-loamy soil type and that its CBR is 16.82 percent, which according to the CBR table can be considered for a subbase soil with good to fair quality. The unit price analysis determined a budget of US$181,863.44, which will be used for theItem Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Izamba de la nueva historia de ambato, comprendida en la Zona 25(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Sánchez Acosta, Jean Carlo; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThis project arose from the need to evaluate and improve the road network in Zone 25 of Izamba parish in Ambato, Ecuador. Growing urbanization and increased vehicular traffic have led to significant deterioration of the road infrastructure, affecting mobility, safety, and the economic development of the community. Inadequate maintenance not only increases travel time and fuel consumption, but also has a negative impact on commercial competitiveness and the quality of life of the inhabitants. In this context, the implementation of a road evaluation and maintenance plan based on rigorous technical criteria is warranted in order to establish sustainable strategies to improve traffic flow and guarantee the durability of roads. In addition, topographic and georeferenced analysis is key to designing an efficient intervention program that takes into account the current conditions of the infrastructure and the environmental factors that influence its wear and tear. For the execution of the study, a methodology structured in three phases was used. In the first phase, a georeferenced planimetric survey was carried out using equipment such as RTK and drones to obtain detailed images of the study area, which made it possible to identify the dimensions of the roads. The second consisted of collecting data on vehicular traffic through the Thirtieth Hour method, evaluating the volume of traffic at different times to determine the Average Daily Annual Traffic (ADAT) and project its future growth. Soil studies were also carried out, including moisture content tests, granulometric analysis, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor and CBR, in order to evaluate the structural capacity of the soil. In addition, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method was applied to diagnose the level of deterioration of the roads and define the type of intervention required. In the third, a reference budget was prepared for the execution of the maintenance works, considering the technical specifications and costs associated with road rehabilitation. The results of the study revealed that three roads are in very good condition and the remaining seven roads are in excellent condition, although some require preventive and corrective interventions to prolong their useful life. Recurrent failures such as cracks, longitudinal and transverse cracks, patches and aggregate detachment were identified, which can be addressed through sealing techniques, micro surfacing and asphalt resurfacing. In terms of traffic, there was a considerable flow of light vehicles, with peaks of heavier traffic in the afternoon, confirming the need for efficient road planning. In terms of soil structure, it was determined that the predominant material is silty sand, with good bearing capacity, which facilitates rehabilitation work. Finally, the analysis of the reference budget made it possible to estimate the intervention costs and define road maintenance strategies adapted to the needs of the area, guaranteeing the sustainability and functionality of the infrastructure in the medium and long term.Item Diagnóstico visual y estructural del pavimento de la vía comprendida desde el barrio Santa Rita abscisa 0+000 km hasta el barrio Huagrahuasi Chico – la Esperanza abscisa 4+500 km perteneciente al cantón Santiago de Píllaro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Viteri Izurieta, Vinicio Sebastián; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierThe condition and serviceability of a road is one of the fundamental aspects, emphasizing that the current condition is considered regular, requiring the execution of road maintenance. The analyzed road connects an area that contributes mainly to the agricultural, livestock and productive development of the Santiago de Píllaro canton. Initially, the soil typology was analyzed by extracting soil pits every kilometer, the natural moisture content of the soil, granulometry, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor method B and CBR; the current TPDA was analyzed using the methodology of the thirtieth hour, the ESAL deduction that was projected for the design year, using the PCI based on ASTM D4695 and the pavement condition was identified from a total of 14 sample units, identifying that the road had a resultant of 51.21 equivalent to a regular road condition. The resulting deflectometry resulted in the first two kilometers requiring routine maintenance, while the remaining 2.5 kilometers required road rehabilitation based on redesigning the pavement structure thickness. As a result, the maintenance plan included crack sealing and patching in the initial 2.0 kilometers and in the remaining 2.5 kilometers, a redesign of the layers that make up the pavement structures was proposed, obtaining a total reference budget of $ 274 893,095, to improve and optimize the current condition of the road.Item Diagnóstico visual y estructural del pavimento de la vía comprendida desde el barrio Cruzpamba – hasta la cancha del barrio Santa Rita, longitud de intervención 4+200 km, perteneciente a la parroquia Píllaro, del cantón Santiago de Píllaro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Viteri Izurieta, Daniel Alexander; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe visual and structural evaluation of the road from the Cruzpamba neighborhood to the Santa Rita neighborhood court was very timely, since a road in good condition is assimilated with better living conditions for the residents. Several technical and regulatory assessment procedures were carried out, starting with a vehicle registry for the development of the TPDA currently with a 20-year projection, consecutively an estimate of the pavement condition index was made specifically in 14 units throughout the year. track section, and 9 Benkelman beam tests, the following tests were applied with the soil samples obtained: moisture content, granulometry, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor type “B” and CBR. For the first section from the abscissa 0+000 to the abscissa 2+000, a technical solution was established with a periodic level intervention since the state of the pavement in said section does not present a severe level of aggressiveness, contrary to the abscissa 2+000 to 4+200 an intervention was carried out at the road rehabilitation level, these decisions were made based on the visual and structural evaluation. As a result, in the case of periodic maintenance, the budget necessary to carry out all the interventions considered through various items is $62899.67 USD, and finally for road rehabilitation, a series of necessary items with an estimated value of $221138.72 USD were considered.Item Análisis comparativo del material proveniente de las canteras “Mollepamba”, “Rubí 2” y cantera Rumipamba de la provincia de Cotopaxi utilizado para la elaboración de base y subbase en la construcción de carreteras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Supe Castro, Jonathan David; Viscaíno Cuzco, Mayra AlexandraThe comparative analysis of the material coming from the quarries “Mollepamba”, “Rubí 2” and “Rumipamba” in the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, was carried out due to several problems in the roads surrounding the sector that presented structural deficiencies in the granular base and subbase materials, producing subsidence, fissures, cracks among other problems that affect the trafficability and safety of the roads. The research analyzed the index and mechanical properties of the quarry materials through various laboratory tests to determine if they comply with the Ecuadorian road standard NEVI -12. The moisture content, Atterberg limits, granulometry, maximum density and bearing capacity (CBR) were evaluated. In addition, abrasion resistance, percentage of fractured faces and sulfate wear were tested to determine durability and wear resistance. The test results were compared between the three quarries to identify the suitability of the materials for base and subbase applications. The results show that the materials from the Mollepamba quarry met all the requirements of the Ecuadorian road standard NEVI-12, proving that they are suitable for use in road construction. The materials from the Rumipamba and Rubí 2 quarries comply with most of the parameters evaluated, indicating their good quality. These results emphasize the importance of carrying out thorough evaluations of the materials before using them in road projects.Item Análisis de la correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias el Corazón, Pinllopata y Ramón Campaña del cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ojeda Martínez, Aracelly Nathaly; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaAs time passes, roads face an increase in the loads that the pavement structures must support. The analysis of the correlation between CBR, DCP, index and mechanical properties of 12 soil samples collected in the study sectors was carried out. The index properties: the liquid limit, plasticity, plasticity index and granulometry, while the mechanical properties: density, optimal humidity and support capacity. CBR and DCP tests were carried out to determine the resistance and bearing capacity of the soils. For the correlations, an analytical approach methodology was used to analyze the data collected in the field and laboratory, and with these define simple and multiple correlations to obtain, from one of them, the CBR value necessary for the design of the flexible pavement in one of them. the routes studied. For which the qualitative and quantitative research method was applied, which allowed determining the data necessary for the calculation of the flexible pavement structure under the AASHTO 93 methodology. The results obtained were used to design the structure of the flexible pavement according to AASHTO Method 93, based on the CBR values obtained in the laboratory and through selected correlations, specific thicknesses were determined for the asphalt layer (10 cm), the granular base (15 cm) and the subbase (15 cm), with the option of starting with an initial asphalt layer 5 cm thick.Item Evaluación estructural del pavimento de la vía San Juan, que va desde la intersección entre San Bartolo y García Moreno a las comunidades de García Moreno, Chacata el Carmen, San Juan y San Jacinto, cantón Santiago de Pillaro, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Moya Arias, José Lizandro; Nuñez Aldas, Galo WilfridoPavement structural evaluation is crucial to ensure the durability and functionality of transportation routes. This study focused on the structural evaluation of the pavement of the San Juan Road, which connects several communities in the Santiago de Píllaro Canton, province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. Various methods and tests were used to determine the real conditions of the pavement and propose improvement solutions, the PCI condition determined that more than 50 percent of the road is in poor condition, the deflection method with the Benkelman beam indicated that the 80 percent of the road needs reconstruction; The excavation of 4 pits every 500m was carried out, obtaining 70kg of soil that was used in the laboratory tests, determining that the subgrade is in good condition while an improvement is needed in the Base and Subbase; For the design of the pavement structure, a design CBR of 19.82 percent was calculated with a 75 percent percentile, a future traffic of 1590 vehicles/day was calculated, the road was categorized as class II, in the same way it will be built with a 10 cm class II Base and a 15 cm class II Subbase with a 5 cm thick asphalt layer As a result, horizontal and vertical signage will be placed with the general cost that the maintenance of the San Juan Road will require with a length of 4.5 km and a lane width of 6m.