Ciencias de la Salud
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Item PERFIL HEMATOLOGICO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICION(2025-06-19) Caisa Chalan Jessenia Lizbeth; Chasillacta Amores Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: The hematological profile is a key diagnostic tool to assess the effects of malnutrition, revealing common abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. These abnormalities indicate nutritional deficiencies and related health problems such as iron deficiency anemia due to lack of iron, immune system weakness, and electrolyte imbalances. Adequate treatment based on correcting these deficiencies and continuous monitoring is essential to improve this vulnerable population's health status and prognosis. Objective: To determine the hematological profile in children between 5 and 9 years of age and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive in scope, with a population of 42 participants between children and adolescents from an Ecuadorian foundation dedicated to the care. The information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and blood samples for the hematological profile study. Results: Hematological alterations are not limited to malnutrition states. They also occur in apparently healthy individuals. The high prevalence of alterations in the white blood cell series, particularly in lymphocytes and neutrophils, could indicate the presence of inflammatory processes or altered immunological responses in these age groups. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive hematological evaluation in children and adolescents, regardless of their nutritional status. Conclusions: The hematological profile in children and adolescents in this study is not related to malnutrition since there are hematological alterations in the population studied who are apparently healthy.Item FISIOTERAPIA EN ATAXIA CEREBELOSA POR ENCEFALITIS VIRAL EN NIÑOS: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-03-05) Segovia Díaz, Nuria Belén; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaIntroduction: cerebellar ataxia is a motor disorder characterized by a lack of coordination and balance, caused by damage to the cerebellum. In children, this can be a consequence of viral encephalitis, affecting motor skills. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in stimulating motor recovery through exercises that improve postural control and mobility. This study focused on obtaining information that allows analyze the main phisiotherapeutic treatments applied to cerebellar ataxia caused by viral encephalitis in children. Methods: a bibliographic review of the literature was carried out by searching for scientific studies in the databases, PubMed and Google Schore, publications made between 2019-2024. MeSH terms were used, and the search strategy was designed following the PRISMA method guidelines. Results: 11 studies; 6 randomized clinical trials, 1 trial included children with cerebellar ataxic PC, 2 in children with cerebellar ataxia, 2 in children with ataxia in general and 1 in children with FRDA. While, systematic reviews, 1 review addressed children with ataxia in general, 2 with cerebellar ataxia, one with ADH and 1 one with AT. Improvements were found in motor coordination, gait, balance, postural control, muscle strengthening, reducing the risk of falls, control of body segments, among others. Conclusions: among the applied therapies, the combination of physiotherapy with virtual reality and advance technology can offer better results than isolated exercises in children with cerebellar ataxia.Item APLICACIÓN DE LA PRUEBA DE PROVOCACIÓN BRONQUIAL CON EJERCICIO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES(2025-02-27) Ramos Meneses, Jonathan Jeziel; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaAsthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases in childhood and adolescence. It is characterized by inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, which trigger bronchoconstriction and airway obstructions. This condition represents a significant public health issue due to its impact on emergency services, hospitalizations, and school absenteeism. In Ecuador, previous studies have revealed a prevalence of asthma symptoms in adolescents but a low rate of diagnosis, suggesting possible underdiagnosis and insufficient control of the condition. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common manifestation in patients with uncontrolled asthma and can be assessed through provocation tests, such as the Exercise-Induced Bronchial Provocation Test (EIBPT). This study aims to evaluate the bronchial response to the EIBPT in Ecuadorian children and adolescents to contribute to a better understanding of asthma in this population. This non-experimental, descriptive, observational study was conducted on 25 students aged 8 to 17 years without a prior asthma diagnosis. Participants underwent the EIBPT on a treadmill. The criterion for a positive result was set at a decrease in VEF1 %, observed in only 4% of the 25 participants. The low prevalence of EIB in this sample suggests that, in Ecuadorian children and adolescents without a prior asthma diagnosis, exercise does not induce significant bronchoconstriction, ruling out the existence of an asthma underdiagnosis.Item VALORES REFERENCIALES DEL Y-BALANCE TEST (YBT) EN NIÑOS DE 7 A 11 AÑOS DE EDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-27) Pérez Muso, Anderson Fabricio; Arias Córdova, Paúl AdriánThe Y-Balance test (YBT) was used as a functional test to measure the dynami c balance and stability of the children of the Guaytacama Parish. This instrume n t requires participants to perform movements with a single foot while maintai ni n g balance with the contralateral foot, the reaches are performed in different directio ns : anterior posteromedial and posterolateral, resulting in values aimed at the maximu m reach distance (in centimeters). The objective set by this research project is: Determ i n e the reference values of the YBT in boys and girls from 7 to 11 years old. The results of its applicability demonstrated that there are several factors that influence the data obtained from the YBT, such as: sex, age and/or the level of physical activity of the participant. Regarding the reliability through the test-retest for the different YBT directions reached, it is >0.75 to <0.92, ranging from “good” to “excelle n t” . Furthermore, it was found and assured that the YBT has good reliability, revealing that the results are consistent and are related to the studies that support the research. Finally, it is concluded and reference values of the YBT are determined in the child populati o n from 7 to 11 years of age for both males and females and compliance with the general work objective is achieved.Item Musicoterapia y atención sostenida en niños(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-06-14) Chacón Molina, Adriana Belén; Vásquez de la Bandera Cabezas, Fabricio AlejandroItem La importancia de la nutrición en el manejo de la obesidad infantil: un estudio de revisión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Ortiz Sánchez, Erick Alexander; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia Lcda. Mg.According to the OMS (1), obesity is "a chronic disease that is characterized by excess fat in the body. A child is considered obese when his weight exceeds 20% of his ideal, while in an adult it is when the body mass index is greater than 30 kg/m²." That is why it is considered a chronic, complex and multifactorial disease, which generally appears in childhood and adolescence and may have a certain genetic and environmental predisposition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to prepare a bibliographic review regarding the importance of nutrition in the management of childhood obesity, as well as how to prevent it through a good diet from an early age. Searches were carried out on sites such as PubMed, MDPI, Dialnet and Google Scholar from July 12, 2023 to...................In which, 30 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were included; from which it was possible to describe the rates and statistics of childhood obesity, as well as the importance of a good diet accompanied by exercise to maintain good health. On the other hand, childhood was determined, it is the perfect age to create adequate eating habits, since a balanced diet is essential for the development and strengthening of the immune system; Many of the health problems that occur in adulthood are linked to a poor diet during childhood.Item Seguridad alimentaria y estado nutricional en niños y adolescentes indígenas de Chibuleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Supe Chacha, Melanie Tatiana; Viteri Robayo PhD., Carmen PatriciaFood security is affected by economic constraints and a lack of resources, in order to be able to access necessary food and thus maintain an adequate and balanced diet for an optimal nutritional status. The objective was to study the food security and nutritional status of indigenous children and adolescents in each of the seven hamlets of the community of Chibuleo: San Francisco, San Luis, San Alfonso, San Pedro, Chacapungo, San Miguel and Pataló Alto in order to identify food and nutritional risks; an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research. The sample consisted of 208 households and 249 children and adolescents between 5 and 17 years of age. To identify socio-demographic characteristics, data were collected on gender, the hamlet in which the household resides, basic services, heads of household, and basic remuneration received. To analyse the level of food security of the households, the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) was used, consisting of 15 questions, which was applied to the heads of household, as for the nutritional status of the children and adolescents, anthropometric data were collected, such as weight and height, using the indicators weight/age, height/age, and BMI/age. The results showed that 50% of the population was slightly food insecure, 41.3% was moderately food insecure and 3.8% was severely food insecure, as a result of the lack of economic resources, which prevents a safe diet, and only 4.8% of the population was food secure. In terms of nutritional status, 55.8% of the children and adolescents were underweight for their age (chronic malnutrition), while 70.3% were of normal weight for their age, although low percentages of overweight, obesity and underweight were identified.Item Efectos del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-15) Castillo Castro, Karen Yadira; Cedeño Zamora, María NarcizaThe research aims to comprehensively and critically analyze the scientific literature on the effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in overweight children and adolescents. It focuses on changes in body composition, risk factors, and adherence to the exercise program, seeking to assess the efficacy and safety of HIIT in this population comprehensively. The PRISMA method was used for the literature review, implementing the AMSTAR quality methodology and the PEDro scale. The analysis of HIIT protocols shows significant improvements in school health, especially in size and body composition indicators. Despite encouraging results, there is a need to address concerns about identified bias. The priority of more high-quality studies is emphasized, and a suggestion is made to compare HIIT with moderate continuous exercise. Future research is urged to address knowledge gaps, particularly in cognitive and nutritional outcomes in school settings. The reflection concludes that HIIT, when adapted to the population, not only enhances physical health but also provides a motivating solution for time and participation challenges in youth physical activity programs. It is innovative and effective in promoting long-term health and well-being.Item Obstrucción intestinal por áscaris lumbricoides en pacientes pediátricos, revisión de dos casos clínicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-11) Sucuzhañay Once, Adriana Marianela; Cadena, Juan CarlosIntroduction: Infections by parasites represent a global health problem, being the most common parasitosis caused by Ascaris Lumbricoides with a special focus on people who live in places with poor sanitary conditions or people who live in overcrowding as evidenced in rural areas of our country and its massive invasion can cause very serious consequences such as intestinal obstruction and lead to serious consequences especially in pediatric patients due to the small size of their organs and the dimensions that these parasites reach in their adult form. Objective: To describe the risk factors, clinical symptoms and results of paraclinical studies of two clinical cases that presented intestinal obstruction due to Ascaris Lumbricoides infection in pediatric patients. Materials and methods: For the preparation of this work, information was collected and an analysis of the clinical cases was carried out, both of the data obtained and the actions taken by the medical personnel in relation to the adequate and updated information found in the database. of data. Results: Information was obtained from two clinical cases of pediatric patients during the year 2021 who presented with intestinal obstruction secondary to massive invasion by ascaris lumbricoides with similar symptoms with criteria of acute abdomen, for which exploratory laparotomy was decided as a diagnostic and therapeutic method. . Conclusions: Intestinal obstruction due to ascariasis in pediatric patients is rare and its symptoms are not conclusive, therefore the importance of taking into account risk factors such as the place where it comes from and the sanitary conditions in which they live, for the diagnosis and timely treatment in order to avoid complications with a high risk of mortality such as intestinal obstruction, it is always important in patients with predisposing factors, preventive measures (hand hygiene, food sanitation, access to drinking water, etc.) still above even the prophylactic onesItem Estrés infantil y su relación con la atención en niños(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2022-09-01) De la Cruz Luzpa, Melva Marcolina; Lara Salazar, Cristina Mariela, Psi. Inf. Mg.The present research was conducted with the objective of identifying the relationship between the level of stress and the dimensions of attention in children of the "Gonzalo Escudero" elementary school in the Saquisili canton, province of Cotopaxi. The research is quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional, with a sample of 94 girls and boys between 8 and 11 years of age. In the case of child stress, the Children's Daily Stress Inventory IECI was used to determine the levels of stress in the child, and for attention, the d2 attention test was applied, which shows the dimensions of selective attention in the child. Subsequently, using the SPSS program, Sperman's Rho test was performed, which indicated that there is no correlation between stress levels and the dimensions of attention. A high percentage was found in the "no stress" level, which leads to the conclusion that most children do not present stress in any of the areas of health, school and family, in terms of care it was found that the highest percentage of children presented high scores in the three dimensions of the test.