Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL: RELACIÓN CON LA ENFERMEDAD CELIACA Y DESNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-19) Maridueña Paredes, Lizbeth Sarahi; Torres Torres, Johny Mauricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaThe aim was to determine the association between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with celiac disease and malnutrition. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, Dialnet, Google Scholar, SciELO and Elsevier. Studies published between 2020 and 2024 in Spanish and English, which analysed the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with celiac disease, were included. The selection of studies was carried out through a threephase process: review of titles and abstracts, evaluation of the full text and final data extraction. The results revealed an intestinal dysbiosis characterised by a significant reduction in beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria (Bacteroides and Escherichia coli). These microbial alterations are not only a consequence of celiac disease, but play a fundamental role in its development. Microbial changes were identified up to 18 months before clinical manifestation, suggesting their potential as an early biomarker. Factors such as antibiotic use, birth route and type of feeding significantly influence the composition of the microbiota. In conclusion, the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of celiac disease and malnutrition. Microbial alterations compromise nutrient absorption, modify the immune response and affect intestinal permeability. Emerging therapeutic strategies focus on microbiota modulation through probiotics, prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, representing a promising approach for the management of these conditions.Item ESTRATEGIAS DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE LA DESNUTRICIÓN INFANTIL(2025-06-17) Guachamboza Machuca, Lilian Marlene; Velasco Acurio, Evelin Fernand; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaChildhood malnutrition has been defined as a pathological state caused by deficiency and excess of essential nutrients, leading to a deterioration in bodily function, delays in growth and development, and even death. Therefore, they have implemented plans and strategies worldwide such as: Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, Scaling Up Nutritin Movement and the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Child Malnutrition. The present investigation was based on a descriptive review through the PICO strategy, from the PRISMA guidelines. The information was obtained from the databases Pubmed, BVS Enfermería, Scielo, Latindex, LILACS and Google Scholar, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were additionally incorporated. The comprehensive nursing approach to early identification of malnutrition and nutritional education is essential to prevent long-term health problems in children. The rate of malnutrition remains a critical health challenge; in low-income regions and vulnerable communities, this condition affects the physical and cognitive development of children. The nursing intervention is based on the assessment of the child's nutritional status by measuring weight, height and other parameters; Provide information to family members about good nutrition, including the importance of a balanced diet rich in nutrients.Item EL IMPACTO DE LA DESNUTRICIÓN INFANTIL EN EL PROCESO ENSEÑANZA-APRENDIZAJE DE LOS ESCOLARES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Sánchez Sinchiguano, Johana Mishel; Fernández Nieto, Miriam IvonneIntroduction: malnutrition is a state of nutritional imbalance that results from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological needs. The causes, inadequate food intake in quantity and quality required to meet the needs of the body during growth and psychomotor development, childhood malnutrition, which affects children under 5 years of age worldwide, associated with social and economic determinants in the most countries in the region. In Ecuador it affects 27,2 % of children under 2 years of age, this is the result of inadequate or insufficient nutrition. Objectives: determine the number of infants who are suffering from child malnutrition under 3 to 5 years of age E.G.B. Republic of Colombia, from the Saquisilí canton. Methods: a cross-sectional, quantitative design study with descriptive scope was carried out. Three instruments were used, the first instrument was the WHO growth curve, structured by percentiles, the second was the survey directed at parents, and the third instrument was a questionnaire to assess developmentlearning. Results: the results obtained in this research describe that 90 % exclusively maintained breast milk during the first six months of life, being a protective factor for the children’s immune system. In the final results obtained from the research, mild malnutrition is reflected. In 36,7 % of children, and a significant 20 % of these children suffer from moderate malnutrition, which can indirectly affect their learning development. Conclusions: in this sense, child malnutrition can be reduced by improving levels of maternal education and government policies to promote income redistribution, since the highest percentage of malnourished children belongs to the lowest poverty quintile.Item INSEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y RETARDO EN TALLA EN NIÑOS DE EDUCACIÓN INICIAL, DE UNIDADES EDUCATIVAS DE LAS ZONAS URBANA Y RURAL DE LA CIUDAD DE LATACUNGA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Muso Salazar, Mayte Alejandra; Zuñiga Sanchez, Valeria MonserrathFood insecurity is defined as the lack of access to sufficient and nutritious food. When children suffer from food insecurity, they do not obtain the nutrients necessary for adequate growth and development. This situation can be caused by poverty, lack of resources, lack of knowledge about adequate nutrition and other socioeconomic factors. Food insecurity can lead to chronic malnutrition, negatively affecting the physical and cognitive development of children. Stunting is a key indicator of children's nutritional status, manifesting itself in poor growth in height compared to the child's age. Stunted children are shorter than expected for their age, often as a result of chronic malnutrition related to food insecurity. This problem can have lasting effects on physical and cognitive development, resulting in lower academic performance and increased risk of disease. It is essential to address these problems at the early education stage. Strategies to ensure access to safe and nutritious foods must be implemented, in addition to promoting nutritional education for parents and caregivers. It is also crucial to provide access to quality health services and medical care, and to address underlying factors such as poverty and inequality that contribute to food insecurity and stunting.Item EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA SOBRE EL MANEJO NUTRICIONAL DEL ADULTO MAYOR ENCAMADO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Morejon Villarroel, Jemima Elizabeth; Guevara Villacis, Mishelts VanessaPopulation aging is a global reality, with a significant increase in the number of older individuals. As we age, the prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities requiring long-term care also grows. Bedridden older adults are particularly vulnerable and face challenges due to their limited mobility and dependence on daily activities.This study focuses on caring for this population, addressing complication prevention, mobility promotion, and quality of life enhancement through novel and evidence-based approaches. It’s essential to note that when adapting food texture to enhance tolerance, we must maintain nutritional quality and appealing appearance to preserve appetite. Transforming food should not compromise its nutritional value, as this could further deteriorate the health of older adults.The most common complications may include the presence of sarcopenia in older adults. In summary, improving the quality of life for bedridden older adults requires a multidisciplinary approach. Different professionals must address the physical and physiological changes that influence disease onset. Nutritional treatment is crucial for maintaining physical and mental health, preventing chronic diseases, and promoting independence. Nutritional care should consider factors such as dysphagia, customs, socioeconomic status, and anemia. Ultimately, balanced nutrition tailored to the needs of older adults is essential for optimal and dignified aging.Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN LA PRIMERA INFANCIA, SEGÚN NIVELES DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y NUTRICIONAL EN UNA COMUNIDAD RURAL DEL CANTÓN LATACUNGA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Rivadeneira Quiroga, Marina Alejandra; Guanga Lara, Verónica ElizabethThe objective of this research was to associate nutritional status and food security in early childhood in a rural community of Latacunga in order to know the number of families suffering from food insecurity and how many children within them suffer from malnutrition, for which a crossectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The samples used were 34 children from 1 to 3 years old who belong to a child development center in the Ashpacruz sector of the city of Latacunga. As a source of information, the nutritional status of the children was evaluated through weight and length/height in addition to two surveys, one conducted by the researcher with socio economic characteristics and general data of the caregiver, availability and access to food, water for consumption, among other determinants, and the ELCSA survey to determine the level of food insecurity of the children and their families. The results obtained show that only global malnutrition is related to food insecurity according to the statistical test applied and that most of the population studied has some type of malnutrition. In addition, it was evidenced that most families suffer from moderate food insecurity, which shows that the studied population and their families have a reduced amount of food and that these foods are not of good nutritional quality being data of utmost importance due to the prevalence of malnutrition in the country and the impact that food security has on society today.Item ESTRATEGIAS NUTRICIONALES EN PACIENTES CON ALZHEIMER. UNA REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Llerena Llerena, Lesly Dayanara; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndresAlzheimer's disease is a growing neurodegenerative condition for the aging population worldwide, and is one of the most common forms of dementia; where nutritional status plays an important role in the prevention and management of this pathology. The objective of this research is to review the latest updates on nutritional strategies in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted. Updated studies that provided nutritional knowledge as strategies in the management of patients with Alzheimer's and recommendations were included. Articles from the last 5 were selected such as: Google Scholar, Elsevier, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Pubmed, Mendeley. Through a database screening of 20 scientific articles, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 high-level evidence investigations were introduced into this study as part of the discussion of nutritional strategies. The consulted research indicates the timely detection of the risk of malnutrition supported by MNA screening, introduction of nutrients in the diet such as antioxidants and antiinflammatories, modification of texture and consistency of foods. Evidence supports that the Mediterranean diet and DASH are more effective for their neuroprotective benefits in Alzheimer's disease.Item Parasitosis intestinal y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Picaihua del Cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Sailema Peña, Guadalupe Margoth; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabriela Paola Mg.Intestinal parasitism are infections of the most prevalent in the poor and underdeveloped communities which are with a high predominant in children. This affects the development and growth in child population. So this produces clinical manifestations such as appetite loss, stomachache, dyspepsia, diarrhea, andmalabsorption. These cause malnutrition and anemia in patients. The objective of thissearching was determined the intestinal parasitism and its relation with malnutrition and anemia in children with ages from 5 to 9 years old in Picaihua parish and Ambato city. It was analyzed in 106 blood tests in order to measure the hemoglobin indices. The fecal test for testing the presence of parasites. For doing these tests it uses the flotation technique or Faust. It collects the information with a poll. The anthropometric data such as weight and height for the IMC calculation. A total of 106 samples analysed, the 75.7% shown parasites, besides, the population showed 60% of them as monoparasites and the 40% remain were polyparasites. The parasitesfound were Blastocysts spp. 43.1%, Entamoeba coli cyst 23.3%, Entamoeba complex cyst 15.5%, Endolimax nana cyst 12.9%, Chilomastix mesnili cyst 3.4%, Giardia lamblia cyst 0.9%, Hymenolepis nana eggs 0.9%. The present investigation project through the statistical analysis concluded that the intestinal parasitosis hadn't relation with anemia and malnutrition.Item Desnutrición infantil en niños menores de 5 años en ecuador durante el periodo 2017-2021; revisión sistemática(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Mejia Cocha, Amanda Irene; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo Dr. MgChild malnutrition is a serious health problem that affects the less favored sectors of society, mainly due to economic factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the problem of child malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in Ecuador during the period 2017-2021. A review was carried out through a search in the electronic databases Medline, Scielo, VHL that included original articles, reviews, case studies, editorials, as well as technical reports from official entities in the field of health directly related to child malnutrition in children under 5 years. A total of 21 bibliographic sources directly related to the units of analysis were included: prevalence, diagnostic parameters, predisposing factors and diseases associated with child malnutrition. With the review, it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of child malnutrition in Ecuador, especially in the sierra region where the indigenous population is mainly affected; The economic factor is the main cause of this nutritional condition and the consequences are perceived both in the short and long term. The diagnostic parameters are based mainly on anthropometric indicators and biochemical ones as support.Item Parasitosis y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Pilahín del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Armendariz Freire, Santiago Javier; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela Bqf. Mg.Worldwide, intestinal parasitosis is a public health problem that mainly affects school children. Several studies have been carried out on this pathology with the aim of relating it to the development of other diseases such as malnutrition and anemia. The present study aims to determine parasitosis and its relationship with anemia and malnutrition in children aged 5 to 9 years in the Pilahuín parish of the Ambato canton. The sample consisted of 100 children who decided to participate in the study and provided the respective bloo d samples for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration and feces for the identification of intestinal parasites by direct observation in fresh and Faust flotation technique with the use of Zinc Sulfate, additionally anthropometric measurements were taken and information was collected through the application of surveys to assess the social conditions in which children live. It was evidenced that 80% of the population presented parasitosis, of which 61.25% presented polyparasitosis, 72.50% were pathogenic parasites and a predominance of protozoa was observed in 96.5% with Blastocystis sp, Entamoeba coli cyst and Endolimax nana cyst as the parasites with the highest predom inance in this population
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