Ciencias de la Salud
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Item PREVALENCIA DE MALNUTRICIÓN EN EL ADULTO MAYOR INSTITUCIONALIZADO DEL CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-06-18) Tipán Villena, Jonathan Josué; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThis research paper highlights the prevalence of malnutrition in institutionalized older adults in the Ambato canton, focusing on risk factors, dietary intake, and nutritional status. Malnutrition in this age group is a public health problem influenced by socioeconomic, genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, all of which are exacerbated by the growing aging population and inadequate care. Identifying these issues is challenging, as diagnoses are often made too late. The study conducted is cross-sectional with both quantitative and qualitative approaches, evaluating 50 older adults from two institutions through body perimeter measurements, body mass index (BMI), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) survey. The main risks found include social isolation, stress, functional dependency, depression, and poor dietary intake. The results showed that 50% of the population is underweight, 58% are at risk of malnutrition, and 22% are already affected by it, due to insufficient calorie intake and low weight, with no significant correlation with muscle mass or body fat. Malnutrition in older adults is not solely related to the amount of energy consumed, but also to the quality of their diet, physical activity, and emotional support. Therefore, it is recommended to promote physical activity, encourage social and psychological support to ensure a better quality of life for the vulnerable population.Item INTERVENCIÓN NUTRICIONAL EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE DIABETES MELLITUS GESTACIONAL(2026-06-18) Ocaña Vicente, Edison Nicolás; Zuñiga Sánchez, Valeria Monserrath; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe objective of this article is to investigate updates on nutritional interventions used in the prevention and treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrition in the treatment of Gestational Diabetes focuses mainly on avoiding the development of cardiomebolic complications in the mother and her son or daughter. Nutritional interventions must meet the nutritional requirements required by a woman during pregnancy. The most effective interventions are diets with complex carbohydrates and low glycemic index, Mediterranean diet pattern, myo-inositol supplementation and probiotics. In this way, nutrition is essential in Gestational Diabetes since it controls glucose levels, improves nutritional status and reduces maternal-fetal complications.Item FACTORES QUE AUMENTAN LAS INFECCIONES DE TRANSMISIÓN SEXUAL EN LA POBLACION DEL ECUADOR: REVISION SISTEMATICA(2025-06-17) Villarroel Bonilla, Estiven Javier; Cashabamba Padilla, Franklin Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Sexually transmitted infections are caused by microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, which can be transmitted from one individual to another during sexual contact. These infections affect women as well as men and lead to chronic health consequences if they are not diagnosed in time. Objective: Describe risk factors for STIs in the population of Ecuador. Methods: Qualitative study, with a descriptive research design and descriptive scope, was carried out through a review of documents that contain the required information, including focused on the population of Ecuador. Results: Among the most common STIs, the human papillomavirus (HPV) was identified in the population of Ecuador and in other countries are syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea and finally chlamydia. Contagion can occur by having direct contact with an infected secretion, such as semen, blood or female fluids, that is, vaginal fluids. Several STIs can coexist in the same individual due to the sharing of some transmission mechanisms. Those infections that lead to ulcers or inflammation in the genitourinary tract can favor the transmission of others, such as HIV or the hepatitis C virus. Conclusions: It is relevant to note that the infection figures vary depending on the country and region, the Studies frequently focus on key populations, such as adolescents, young people, pregnant women, homosexuals, and sex workers.Item EL CIGARRILLO ELECTRÓNICO COMO UN PROBLEMA EMERGENTE DE SALUD PÚBLICA EN ADOLESCENTES Y ADULTOS JÓVENES. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-16) Reinoso Espín, Paulina Abigaíl; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaObjective: To evaluate the impact of e-cigarette use on the health of adolescents and young people in order a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors and their associated consequences. Method: search in databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect and SciElo, published since 2020, obtaining 14 studies after screening. Results: The use of electronic cigarettes is very frequent and is not effective for adolescents and young people to quit smoking, but facilitates their evolution towards smoking. Conclusions: Adolescents and young people are unaware of the health risks associated with the use of electronic cigarettes and their erroneous perception that they are less harmful favors their popularity. It is crucial to implement educational programs in schools to correct these perceptions.Item CALIDAD DE SUEÑO E IMPULSIVIDAD EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS(2025-03-06) Narvaez Peralta, Neisser Joel; Velasteguí Hernández, Diana Catalina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Psicología ClínicaThis study explores the relationship between sleep quality, understood as a construct that encompasses both quantitative (duration and continuity of sleep) and qualitative (perception of rest and well-being) aspects, and impulsivity, defined as the tendency to act without prior reflection, which can lead to negative consequences in decision making and emotional control. The findings revealed that a large majority of participants (78.5%) experience poor sleep quality, associated with factors such as academic stress, irregular rest habits and high workloads. While in the impulsivity variable, 21.5% of the students showed significant differences were observed, with similar scores between men and women. For this research, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index ( PSQI) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) were used, assessing different dimensions of sleep and types of impulsivity, such as motor and unplanned. The results suggest that, although poor sleep quality is common in this population, its direct relationship with impulsivity could depend on individual and contextual factors, beyond gender.Item INCIDENCIA DE TOXOPLASMA GONDII Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN ESTUDIANTES DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGROPECUARIAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO(2025-02-25) Lara Ramirez, Alison Mikaela; De La Torre Fiallos, Ana Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoIntroduction: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, characterized by the presence of specific antibodies against this agent. Its life cycle involves cats as definitive hosts and various intermediate hosts, facilitating its transmission, particularly in individuals with greater contact with animals or agricultural environments. Objective: To determine the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in students from the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the Technical University of Ambato. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted with 73 volunteer students. A survey was administered to assess risk factors, and blood samples were collected to measure IgG and IgM antibodies using the ELISA technique. The Chi-square statistical test was employed for data analysis. Results: Fifteen percent of participants had IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, with no detection of IgM antibodies. Of the seropositive cases, 73% were women. Additionally, a significant association was observed between a lack of knowledge about the disease and an increased risk of infection. Conclusion: Occupational factors related to student activities did not show a direct influence on the presence of antibodies, given the low incidence recorded in the study population.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA CONTAMINACIÓN DE HEMOCULTIVOS EN PACIENTES ADULTOS Y PEDIÁTRICOS: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-02-24) Molina Bautista, Daniela Viviana; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoIntroduction: bloodstream infections are one of the leading causes of mortality in children and adults worldwide. Blood cultures are essential diagnostic tests for identifying microorganisms and guiding antimicrobial treatment. However, sample contamination reduces diagnostic accuracy due to the introduction of contaminating organisms during sample collection or the patient's clinical condition. Methods: a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines on studies found in PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, and BVS, including a total of 19 studies. Results: after reviewing the 19 studies, detailed information was gathered on a standardized protocol for the proper collection of blood samples for blood cultures in adult and pediatric patients. Additionally, internal and external risk factors associated with specimen contamination were analyzed. Some of these factors included the severity of the patient's condition, the immune system, the use of invasive devices, skin antisepsis, technical difficulties, or high workload. Conclusions: this research highlights the importance of rigorous implementation of standardized procedures to minimize risk factors associated with blood culture contamination and, consequently, the prevention of unnecessary treatments.Item COMPLICACIONES MATERNO-FETALES DE LA DIABETES GESTACIONAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) León Panoluisa, Heydi Gabriela; Fernández Nieto, Miriam IvonneIntroduction. Gestational diabetes, a metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy, is crucial in obstetrics because it affects the health of the mother and the fetus. Caused by high glucose levels, it is linked to poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. It is common in 90% of pregnant women and its early detection is vital to prevent complications. Objective. To evaluate the maternal-fetal complications of gestational diabetes. Method. The study is a retrospective review. Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used, selecting studies using specific search terms and the PRISMA methodology. The inclusion criteria for the selection of documents were those that contained the terms “diabetes”, “gestational diabetes”, “complications in the pregnant woman”, “complications in fetuses” and “newborns”. Articles without language and free access restrictions, published between 2019 and 2024, were accepted. The exclusion criteria included documents in difficult to translate languages and studies that lacked relevant information. Results. Studies indicated an increase in maternal and neonatal complications in women with gestational diabetes, highlighting the prevalence of fetal macrosomia and type 2 diabetes. Obesity, maternal age > 30 years, history of diabetes are important risk factors. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes manifests more in the second trimester, requiring early detection and intervention. It was found that it is associated with fetal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia and obesity, highlighting the importance of adequate follow-up and management.Item CARACTERIZACIÓN MICROBIOLÓGICA DE PLASMODIUM SPP. Y DISEÑO DE UNA ESTRATEGIA DE INTERVENCIÓN COMUNITARIA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-03) Napa Altamirano, Yomara Cristina; Salazar Garcés, Dolores KrupskayaMalaria is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium that are transmitted through the bite of a female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Within this genus we find four species of great health interest, which are P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. falciparum; The latter is the one that generates the most complications in humans. The primary objective is to microbiologically characterize Plasmodium spp. For the determination of malaria in peripheral smear samples from the residents of the Domingo Playa community in the province of Orellana, the methodology used in this study is a descriptive and observational cross-sectional type with a nonexperimental quantitative approach because no modifications were made. the variables under study by the researcher the results obtained from the 60 participants of the sampling corresponding to 100%, 48% belong to the male population and 52% to the female sex, for the analysis the positive cases are taken as reference, with sex predominating male with 57%, while 43% are female, of which 100% are indigenous, 73.3% of patients who came to undergo the study in the Domingo Playa community tested positive through thick smear analysis and 26.7% reflected negative results, 9.1% of them presented Plasmodium falciparum, while the parasite that predominated was Plasmodium vivax in 90.9% of the total of 44 patients positive for malaria and aged between 20-24 years, in conclusion the risk factors were determined, which found that 25% of the patients do not present any type of risk, 43.3% of the participants live near the river, while 16.7% lack an awning 10% do not have coverage and 5% maintain constant trips, so they are autochthonous cases, all of the above are risk factors for malaria contagion. In a globalized world, diseases have no borders, so the fight against malaria must be done jointly to allow for strategies to eradicate malariaItem COINFECCIÓN DE HELICOBACTER PYLORI Y ENTEROPARÁSITOS EN TAXISTAS DE LA CIUDAD DE AMBATO, FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-03) Cajo Andrango, Andrés Isaac; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoCoinfection involves two or more microorganisms colonizing the same host; When the Helicobacter pylori bacteria and enteroparasites share the same host, they cause a negative impact on health. These two microorganisms are among the main infectious agents that cause intestinal problems throughout the world. They justify part of the consultations for chronic abdominal pain. They are generally associated with risk factors such as: hygiene habits, age, geographical area, living conditions. Vehicle drivers are subject to the risks of driving itself and also to various problems that arise and alter their health system; gastrointestinal disorders are among one of the main conditions. The objective was to analyze cases of coinfection between Helicobacter pylori and enteroparasites in taxi drivers in the city of Ambato with their associated risk factors. The research had a mixed approach of correlational, transversal and prospective nature. When analyzing the results of the total sample, there was a high frequency of people infected by any of these microorganisms. Of these cases that presented infection, a high percentage had coinfection with both infectious agents; When performing the Chi Square correlation statistical analysis, a statistically significant value was obtained that indicates that there is a correlation between these two microorganisms; Regarding the associated risk factors, lack of knowledge and poor hygiene practices were the main factors that could be evidenced in this study. At the end of this investigation, it was clarified that there is a significant correlation of coinfections caused by Helicobacter pylori and enteroparasites in taxi drivers in the City of Ambato. In addition, a workshop was held with the participants as a preventive contribution, which is why it is of great importance to carry out workshops as strategies to improve health status.