Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E ÍNDICE ERITROCITARIO EN ADOLESCENTES EN UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-18) Vega Vega, Gladys Vanessa; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Nutrition and red blood cell health during adolescence are public health priorities. Recent studies reveal high prevalences of malnutrition due to deficit and excess in adolescents globally. In Ecuador, the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Survey revealed a prevalence of 25.7% of chronic malnutrition and 29.9% of overweight/obesity in adolescents. Objective: The objective was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and red blood cell index in adolescents of an Ecuadorian population aged 13 to 19 years. Methods: A quantitative correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural Ecuadorian area (La Victoria parish, Pujilí) with 44 adolescents between 13 to 19 years. Results: Nutritional status was assessed using BMI and waist circumference, and red blood cell index parameters were analyzed using an automated blood count. The results showed that 61.4% had normal nutritional status, 22.7% were overweight, 13.6% were malnourished, and 2.3% were obese. Regarding the red blood cell index, 88.6% had normal values for red blood cells and hemoglobin, while the hematocrit showed an equal distribution between normal and high values (50% each). The most significant finding was that 68.2% had a decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), regardless of nutritional status. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a complex relationship between nutritional status and red blood cell indices in rural adolescents. The high prevalence of decreased MCHC, regardless of nutritional status, suggests the need to implement comprehensive public health strategies that simultaneously address nutrition and hematological health in this population.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO DE PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS DESNUTRIDOS MIGRANTES DE UNA CIUDAD ECUATORIANA(2025-06-16) Clavijo Casa, Danny Israel; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Malnutrition and intestinal parasitosis in children are two public health problems that affect millions of children worldwide. Malnutrition is characterized by a lack of essential nutrients for proper growth and development, which affects the immune system of children, making them more susceptible to parasitic infections. Objective: To describe the risk factors for intestinal parasitosis in malnourished immigrant children from an Ecuadorian city. Methodology: This research is prospective, quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional, descriptive in scope, and was carried out at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Tungurahua Province, Ambato Canton. The sample consisted of 38 migrant children between the ages of 5 and 10 years. They underwent anthropometric evaluation and stool examination. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS tool. Results: After obtaining the anthropometric results, malnutrition was correlated with risk factors, diet and different parasites, where it was identified that the most common parasite identified is Blastocystis hominis (23.7%), followed by Entamoeba coli (15.8%) and Endolimax nana (7.9%). In addition, 15.8% of the sample has more than two types of parasites. Conclusion: After identifying all the dietary risk factors, it was concluded that migrant children are infected by at least one type of parasite. Multiple regression analysis indicates that food insecurity, lack of basic sanitation and migration are statistically significant factors for child malnutrition and intestinal parasitosis.Item EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA, HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO(2025-06-16) Bonilla Zamora, Karina Marisol; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a growing public health problem both globally and nationally, characterized by a significant increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of these disorders has increased by 28% between 2016 and 2023. In Ecuador, 25.2% of adolescents are overweight or obese, with higher rates observed in urban areas and among the female population. This phenomenon is linked to high levels of physical inactivity (65.1%) and the adoption of inadequate eating habits. Objective: To determine the anthropometric evaluation, eating habits, and physical activity in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out on 87 adolescents aged 13-14 years from the Santa Lucía community. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO criteria, dietary habits by means of a validated self-completed questionnaire, and physical activity by means of the PAQ-A questionnaire. Results: 97.7% were overweight and 2.3% were obese. 93.1% showed inadequate dietary habits and 100% inadequate levels of physical activity. The PAQ-A questionnaire revealed that 82.8% had very low levels of physical activity and 17.2% had low levels. Conclusion: A high prevalence of malnutrition due to excess associated with inadequate dietary habits and insufficient levels of physical activity was evident in the study population, suggesting the urgent need for specific interventions that address both nutritional aspects and the promotion of physical activity in this population.Item EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA Y ALTERACIONES EMOCIONALES EN ADOLESCENTES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Pushug Pérez, Angellisa; Fernández Soto, Gerardo FernandoIntroduction: Adolescence is a period characterized by physiological, psychological and behavioral changes, which can cause malnutrition with repercussions on the emotional state. Objective: Describe the anthropometric evaluation and emotional alterations in adolescents. Methods: research with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design and cross-sectional. It was carried out in Ecuador, Ambato, during September 2023-February 2024. The population consisted of 49 students from the Intercultural Bilingual Educational Unit of the Province of Chimborazo, aged between 12-14. Anthropometric evaluation and application of structured and validated psychological questionnaires were carried out. Results: There was a predominance in the following variables: in low weight anthropometry: 11 men aged 13.2±1.0, weight 42.5±7.9 kg, height 1.54±0.08 m, BMI 17.6±1.5 kg/m2, waist circumference 69.5±3.7 cm, hip circumference 82.1±5.9 cm and WHR 0.85±0.05. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 showed partially inadequate and inadequate eating habits. 12 women (24.49%) aged 12 had a regular and low level of physical activity. In internalizing problems: abnormal emotional symptoms (12.24%) in women aged 13 and in men aged 14. Social withdrawal: borderline level (12.24%) in women aged 12 and in men aged 13. In externalizing: abnormal behavior problems (16.32%) in women aged 12 and 14, normal hyperactivity (16.32%) in women aged 12. On the abnormal prosocial scale (18.36%) in women aged 12 and 14. In the level of depression: 14.29% at 14 years of age in men was mild. In normal weight, adolescents with internalizing problems represented 24.49% in women aged 14 and externalizing problems in underweight adolescents was 20.41% in men aged 14 as well. Conclusions: The highest frequency was evident in adolescents with low weight, abnormal emotional symptoms, borderline social withdrawal, abnormal prosocial scale, normal weight adolescents at 14 years of age, women with internalizing problems, and low weight in men aged 14 with externalizing problems.Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Tite Tite, Erika Dayana; Arráiz de Fernández, CarolinaIntroduction: Intestinal parasitosis currently constitutes one of the main public health problems, which causes serious consequences in the nutritional status of children due to alteration in the absorption of nutrients and decreased appetite. Objective: To analyze the nutritional status and intestinal parasitosis in children of a rural Ecuadorian population. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive study with a non-experimental design, which allowed the collection of specific data on anthropometric measures on anthropometric measurements to define nutritional status and at the same time contributed to the application of the National Survey of intestinal parasitosis in school children to 53 individuals between 7-12 years of age. Results: All the individuals presented intestinal parasites affecting mainly males, aged 11 years and of mixed-race ethnicity. The microorganisms were mainly: Entamoeba histolyca, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana. Body Mass Index (BMI) showed that 71.70% of children have normal weight and only 7.50% malnutrition. Conclusions: Individuals live in healthy places, with cement or tile floors, sewage service by sewer and always consume drinking water. In addition, it was identified that individuals have adequate hand washing before eating and after defecation, but play on the ground or dirt. Among the clinical manifestations, the most frequent symptomatology is fever and abdominal pain.Item ESTRATEGIAS NUTRICIONALES EN PACIENTES CON ALZHEIMER. UNA REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Llerena Llerena, Lesly Dayanara; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndresAlzheimer's disease is a growing neurodegenerative condition for the aging population worldwide, and is one of the most common forms of dementia; where nutritional status plays an important role in the prevention and management of this pathology. The objective of this research is to review the latest updates on nutritional strategies in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted. Updated studies that provided nutritional knowledge as strategies in the management of patients with Alzheimer's and recommendations were included. Articles from the last 5 were selected such as: Google Scholar, Elsevier, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Pubmed, Mendeley. Through a database screening of 20 scientific articles, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 high-level evidence investigations were introduced into this study as part of the discussion of nutritional strategies. The consulted research indicates the timely detection of the risk of malnutrition supported by MNA screening, introduction of nutrients in the diet such as antioxidants and antiinflammatories, modification of texture and consistency of foods. Evidence supports that the Mediterranean diet and DASH are more effective for their neuroprotective benefits in Alzheimer's disease.Item IMPORTANCIA DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y PRACTICAS ALIMENTARIAS DURANTE EL EMBARAZO EN GESTANTES DE LA COMUNIDAD SAN VICENTE DE TENA PROVINCIA NAPO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-08-06) Andi Alvarado, Fidelia Elizabeth; Quishpe Jara, Graciela de las MercedesImportance of nutritional status and dietary practices during pregnancy in pregnant women from the San Vicente de Tena community, Napo province Introduction: Pregnancy is one of the most complex stages that a woman goes through throughout her life, nutrition and proper eating practices are considered one of the most important aspects for the future of the child, child malnutrition. that predisposes the child to suffering from various diseases is significantly reduced if a woman has adequate medical control and a good nutritional intake, therefore it is of great importance to study these practices and the nutritional status of the women of the San Vicente community in Tena. Objective(s): To evaluate the importance of nutritional status and dietary practic es during pregnancy in pregnant women from the San Vicente de Tena, Napo Province community. • Identify the nutritional status of pregnant women in the San Vicente de Tena community, Napo Province. • Describe the dietary practices used by pregnant women from the San Vicente de Tena Napo Province community during pregnancy.• Identify if there is an association between dietary practices and nutritional status of pregnant women in the community of San Vicente de Tena, Napo Province. • Evaluate the impact of nutritional status and dietary practices on the developm ent of pregnancy in pregnant women from the community of San Vicente de Tena, Napo Province. Methodology: An investigation will be carried out that meets the characteristics of a quantitative study with a descriptive approach, which allows us to reveal the nutritio n al status of pregnant women in the Tena community with a cross-sectional section, carrying out the study in the months of March - May 2024. The sample was develop ed with the participation of 208 pregnant women who make up the universe of particip an ts selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, the data were tabulated in the SPSS software to obtain the results.Item ALTERACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD PULMONAR OBSTRUCTIVA CRÓNICA (EPOC)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Peñafiel Erazo, David Sebastián; Jurado Melo, Verónica CristinaIntroduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a prevalent pathology with multiple systemic repercussions, among which the alteration of nutritional status stands out. This disturbance plays a crucial role, influencing the progression of the disease and the quality of life of patients. This bibliographic review focuses on synthesizing key findings in this area, thus providing a solid basis for future therapeutic interventions and management strategies. Methodology: To achieve this, a rigorous methodology was employed, analyzing a series of scientific studies and highly relevant documents published in recent years. The review focused on works that provide empirical data, exhaustive analyses, and pertinent discussions on the clinical manifestations and consequences of malnutrition in individuals affected by COPD. Results: The results of this review reveal that there is a notable correlation between malnutrition and the exacerbation of COPD symptoms, highlighting a series of complex pathophysiological mechanisms that involve chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations that contribute to a vicious cycle of nutritional and functional deterioration. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is evident that the alteration of the nutritional status in patients with COPD constitutes an area that requires amplified clinical and research attention. It is imperative to develop integrated nutritional strategies that can complement existing medical interventions, contributing to improving the prognosis and the quality of life of these patients.Item Hábitos de desayuno y su relación con el estado nutricional de adolescentes de 15-18 años, de una unidad educativa pública del cantón Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Macías Rodríguez, Tatiana Estefanía; Robayo Zurita, Verónica Alexandra Nd. Mg.Nutrition in Ecuador is a topic of great importance because the country faces several challenges related to food security, malnutrition, and public health in general. According to data from the Ministry of Public Health, chronic malnutrition affects about 24% of children under five in Ecuador. In addition, obesity and overweight are on the rise, especially in urban areas. Based on this, the research focused on determining the relationship between breakfast habits and the nutritional status of adolescents aged 15-18 years in a Public Educational Unit of Ambato Canton. To carry out this analysis, the evaluation of Body Mass Index (BMI) in relation to age, surveys on eating habits and the participation of students in data collection were included. The research also explores the diversity, quality and proportion of food consumed by adolescents. Where the relationship between breakfast habits and nutritional status is established. The factors analyzed included quantity, frequency and type of food consumed. The results showed that almost the totality of the group of students ate breakfast, with approximately half having it 3 to 5 times a week and the other half every day. The amount of food consumed was considered adequate, and statistical analysis indicated a clear significant relationship (p<0.05) between breakfast habits and nutritional status, with a negative correlation. This suggests that as students increase the healthy habits scale, the association with high BMI or overweight to obesity decreases. The findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy eating practices, raising awareness of dietary diversity, and providing ongoing support to students to maintain optimal nutritional status.Item Prácticas de alimentación complementaria en relación con el estado nutricional en menores de 2 años de centros de desarrollo infantil de la parroquia Augusto n. Martínez(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Cerón Oñate, Ana Nicole; Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth N.D. Mg.It is important to emphasize that the beginning of complementary feeding represents a great change for infants, because it is a stage where a relationship with food tastes and preferences begins, therefore, it also begins a new stage for both caregivers and the infants. Already at this stage, you can observe behaviors around food, progress in childhood health, that is, weight, height, and motor and cognitive development, which will be crucial for later stages. Therefore, the method used for weaning will have a lot to do with their health. Traditionally, these first solid foods have been provided pureed with a spoon. However, currently there are alternative methods to the traditional ones known as baby led weaning (BLW) and baby-led introduction to solids (BLISS). The use of the BLW and BLISS approach has caused concern among health professionals due to their potential risk of choking and deficiency in iron and zinc intake. As well as a lack of macronutrients when using the traditional method. Through this research project, we seek to determine the nutritional status according to the method or complementary feeding practices used by the educators in the MIESS Child Development centers. In addition to exploring the position of health personnel, as well as the motivations, characteristics, and perspectives of educators according to the method they choose; with the aim of investigating the evidence in this regard so that nutrition professionals, in the areas of pediatrics and primary care, support educators interested in these methods