Ciencias de la Salud
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Item VALIDACIÓN INTRAEVALUADOR DEL Y-BALANCE TEST NO INSTRUMENTADA DEL MIEMBRO SUPERIOR EN BASQUETBOLISTAS AMATEUR(2025-07-21) Tutasig Vargas Eduardo Javier; Espín Pastor Victoria Estefanía; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaThis research aimed to determine the intra-rater reliability of the non-instrumented Y-Balance Test of the upper limb in amateur basketball players. The methodology of this study was non-experimental, cross-sectional, and quantitative. The noninstrumented Y-Balance Test was used to assess upper limb dynamic stability. Three assessments were administered to 33 amateur players belonging to the Club Deportivo 360 in the Ambato canton. The results showed high reliability in measurements performed by a single evaluator, as determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Furthermore, Bland-Altman analyses found greater consistency in measurements of the dominant upper limb and greater variability in measurements of the non-dominant limb, indicating slight systematic biases. In conclusion, the non-instrumented Y-Balance Test, administered by the same evaluator at different times, demonstrated high reliability.Item EFECTO DE LOS EJERCICIOS AERÓBICOS EN LA ARTROSIS DE RODILLA DEL ADULTO MAYOR DE LA PARROQUIA PINLLO(2025-07-21) Supe Bombón, Alex Xavier; Arias Córdova, Paúl Adrián; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease and one of the leading causes of disability in older adults, with a high incidence and prevalence of symptoms. Several studies have shown that factors such as female sex, advanced age, certain occupations, and the presence of low back pain influence the onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is essential to identify risk factors, especially modifiable ones, in order to promote preventive strategies that improve the quality of life of those affected. In this context, this study aimed to determine the effects of an aerobic exercise program on older adults with knee osteoarthritis living in the Pinllo parish. Data were collected before and after the intervention using instruments such as the WOMAC scale, the visual analog pain scale (VAS), and the Timed Up and Go test, along with an individual radiological evaluation (XR) to confirm the diagnosis. Subsequently, a four-week treatment plan based on aerobic exercise was implemented, consisting of 20-minute sessions, demonstrating positive results in pain reduction and improved physical function.Item FISIOTERAPIA EN EL DOLOR LUMBAR EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS(2025-07-21) Hinojosa Chasiquiza, Alison Fernanda; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaLow back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal manifestations during pregnancy, significantly impacting the functionality and quality of life of pregnant women. In response to the need for safe and effective therapeutic approaches, this systematic review aimed to analyze the effectiveness of various physiotherapeutic interventions applied during different stages of pregnancy. A structured search of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted, identifying thirteen studies that met the inclusion criteria, totaling 705 participants. The interventions were classified into four main categories: structured therapeutic exercise, manual techniques, instrumental techniques, and complementary therapies. Clinical improvements were reported in all cases, with structured exercise emerging as the most consistent approach in reducing pain and improving function. This strategy stood out for its adaptability to gestational trimesters and for promoting the active participation of the pregnant woman, which enhances therapeutic adherence. Manual and instrumental techniques showed specific and relevant benefits, although their application largely depended on the clinical setting. Complementary therapies were positioned as accessible and lowcost alternatives with short-term functional benefits. Based on these findings, the value of physiotherapy as a key component in comprehensive prenatal care is reaffirmed, emphasizing the need to establish standardized protocols that enable its systematic implementation across various clinical contexts.Item EVALUACIÓN DE LA FOTOBIOMODULACIÓN EN EL MANEJO DE LA MUCOSITIS ORAL INDUCIDA POR QUIMIOTERAPIA Y RADIOTERAPIA(2025-07-21) Chicaiza Calvachi, Karen Anabel; Ortiz Villalba, Paola Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaIntroduction: Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most frequent and debilitating complications associated with cancer treatments, particularly radiotherapy and chemotherapy, in patients with head and neck cancer. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a noninvasive therapeutic alternative, with growing evidence of its efficacy in reducing the severity of OM and improving quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in adults with head and neck cancer. Methodology: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials published between January 2020 and May 2025 was conducted. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar. Studies with patients over 18 years of age undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in which PBM was applied as a therapeutic intervention were included. In vitro studies, patients receiving palliative care, and patients with severe comorbidities were excluded. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight reported a significant reduction in BM severity in the groups treated with PBM. Additionally, improvements in pain perception, quality of life, and decreased inflammatory biomarkers were observed. Technical protocols varied across studies. Conclusions: The available evidence supports the use of PBM as an effective intervention for the management of BM in cancer patients. However, additional studies with standardized protocols and greater methodological rigor are needed to strengthen clinical recommendations.Item USO DEL TEST PICTOGRAFIADO DE LAWTON Y BRODY EN LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE NIVELES DE DEPENDENCIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES(2025-07-21) Caraguay Chávez, Jessica Carolina; Bonilla Ayala, Josselyn Gabriela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaAging is a progressive physiological process that, over time, favors the appearance of various chronic non-communicable pathologies, which affects the functional capacity of the elderly. In addition, risk factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, visual impairment and the prevalence of falls accelerate this deterioration. In this context, the Lawton and Brody scale has been widely used to assess functional capacity in instrumental activities of daily living (AIDV). However, its traditional version, based on written questions, has limitations in older adults with reading comprehension difficulties. To overcome these barriers, they have implemented the pictograph version of the test, in order to facilitate the interpretation of the questions and improve the accuracy of the results. The objective was to compare both formats (pictographed and traditional) of the Lawton and Brody test, in order to identify the novices of dependency in a sample of 150 older adults belonging to the "Golden Years" project of the Provincial Board of Pastaza. This research project was non-experimental, since none of the variables will be manipulated, with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. The results indicated that there are no significant differences between the scores obtained with both versions, which further strengthens the hypothesis that the pictographed scale can be used as an equivalent instrument. Its positive sense in favor of the pictographed version suggests a possible perceptual or comprehensive advantage.Item MÉTODO PERFETTI CON LA UTILIZACIÓN DE LUCES LED EN LA FUNCIÓN OCULOMOTORA EN ADULTOS MAYORES(2025-07-21) Bastidas Muñoz Odalis Nicole; Latta Sánchez María Augusta; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaIntroduction: Old age symbolizes the last moment of existence and encompasses the final decades of a person's life. With advancing age, they begin to experience a decrease in oculomotor function that affects quality of life and autonomy to perform daily tasks. Objective: To implement an exercise program of the 3rd grade Perfetti Method with the use of lights to improve oculomotor function in the Older Adults of Macasto and Santa Fe. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental design with a mixed approach, longitudinal type. A pre- and post-evaluation was carried out using the Snellen Test that assesses visual acuity, the DEM Test (Developmental Eye Movement) the speed and accuracy of eye movements and the Lawton and Brody scale of functionality when performing the ADYL to 25 older adults. The thirddegree exercise treatment plan of the Perfetti Method with LED Lights was applied for 8 weeks. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in the DEM test (p= 0.000) and the Lawton and Brody scale (p= 0.001). While the Snellen Test there was no improvement (p=0.14) obtaining a low diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, there was an improvement in eye speed and accuracy, enhancing the autonomy and quality of life of the elderly. However, scientific evidence is still limited, so further research should be carried out for future research.Item NIVEL DE CONCORDANCIA DE LOS RELOJES INTELIGENTES PARA LA ESTIMACIÓN DEL TRABAJO ANAERÓBICO EN JÓVENES DEPORTISTAS(2025-07-21) Morales Luisa, Zaida Lizbeth; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaBasketball is one of the most popular sports in Ecuador, especially among young people. This discipline requires high cardiorespiratory performance, and for these athletes, it is essential to effectively assess this system during physical activity. Specific tests, such as ergospirometry, are used by high-performance athletes; however, alternatives exist, such as smartwatches. For this reason, the present project aimed to determine the level of agreement between devices for measuring the anaerobic threshold. The research was framed within a non-experimental design with a quantitative approach. Furthermore, it is considered a descriptive cross-sectional study because only one assessment was performed on the participants. The population was selected through convenience sampling, with a total of 30 young participants, ages 12 to 15, from “The Blue Hawks" basketball training school in the city of Ambato. The evaluation was carried out using three devices at the same time (Apple Watch Series 6, Xiaomi Band 8 and Moofit HR8 Band), which recorded the heart rate of each participant during the Navette Test Course. The results showed that there is excellent reliability between the Band vs Apple devices (ICC = 0.961-0.980), on the other hand, the congruence of Apple vs Xiaomi (ICC = 0.878-0.935) was slightly higher than Band vs Xiaomi (ICC = 0.860-0.925). Demonstrating that the concordance between the Moofit HR8 Band and the Apple Watch Series 6 is high compared to the Xiaomi Band 8, all this during physical activity.Item COMPARACIÓN DEL RENDIMIENTO DEPORTIVO POSTERIOR A LA ACTIVACIÓN MUSCULAR PERIFÉRICA E INSPIRATORIA EN UN SPRINT DE 100 METROS PLANOS(2025-07-21) Masaquiza Sanguil, Samira Anahi; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaInspiratory muscle warm-up is an innovative strategy that has become more relevant in recent years and has been used in sports disciplines that generally require high-intensity effort. However, recent studies suggest that the combination of inspiratory and peripheral muscle warm-up could offer greater advantages over peripheral warm-up alone. In this way, this project was developed with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of a program to activate the peripheral muscle and inspiratory muscles in a 100-meter sprint. The research was described as a nonexperimental, correlational, descriptive design, with a mixed approach (qualitativequantitative) and cross-sectional, since the evaluation was carried out only once. The population was selected according to a non-probabilistic convenience sampling, obtaining a total of 25 participants. The research was carried out based on 2 muscle warm-up protocols; PROTOCOL A (peripheral muscle activation); PROTOCOL B (inspiratory muscle warm-up) in a single group of students. The results obtained did not reveal significant differences (p = 0.52) in the sprint times after peripheral muscle warm-up 12.96 (±2.09) and after inspiratory muscle warmup 12.92 (±2.12). In conclusion, a warm-up of the inspiratory muscles does not provide significant advantages over the traditional peripheral muscle warm-up in a 100-meter sprint.Item VALORES ESPIROMÉTRICOS EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN TÉCNICA SUPERIOR QUE USAN VAPER(2025-07-21) Hidalgo Toapanta Bryan Alejandro; Peñafiel Luna Andrea Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaIntroduction: The use of electronic cigarettes or vapes (Vp) has increased considerably among young people, driven by the perception that they constitute a less harmful alternative to conventional smoking. However, there is growing evidence of their adverse effects on respiratory health, particularly in young individuals without pre-existing pulmonary conditions. Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between electronic cigarette (vape) use and pulmonary function in higher technical education students at the Instituto Tecnológico La Maná. Methods: Using standardized spirometry tests, parameters such as Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio were measured in a sample of 50 participants. In addition, a structured record of vape usage patterns was applied, enabling analysis of consumption frequency and duration. Results: The findings revealed a significant decline in spirometric values, especially among individuals with higher inhalation frequency and cumulative usage time. Strong negative correlations were identified between Vp use and the main indicators of lung function, suggesting early respiratory impairments with mild obstructive patterns. Statistical analysis confirmed that pulmonary deterioration is associated with the intensity and chronicity of Vp use, although individual variables such as BMI and sex were also observed. Conclusions: These findings support emerging concerns in the scientific literature regarding the respiratory impact of vaping on young populations, even in the absence of prior pulmonary history.Item REALIDAD VIRTUAL EN EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LAS HABILIDADES MOTORAS EN EL DEPORTE. REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA(2025-07-21) Amaguaña Toasa, Kevin Javier; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaMotor skills in sports are defined as the ability that allows athletes to execute specific body movements in a coordinated, precise, and efficient manner. These skills are acquired and perfected through practice and motor learning, and are essential for athletic performance. In physical therapy and sports, virtual reality (VR) is emerging as an innovative technological tool that enables safe, repetitive, and personalized training aimed at improving sports techniques and motor functions within the sports field. A bibliographic review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Frontiers, SciELO, and Google Scholar, using the PRISMA model to select and analyze 16 studies published since 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, with 14 articles being of good quality. The AMSTAR-2 scale was applied in two systematic reviews, rating them as high. The results suggest that using virtual reality as an intervention method for strengthening motor skills is effective, as VR demonstrates improvements in aspects such as precision, balance, coordination, decision-making, and attention across various sports disciplines.