Maestría en Atención Primaria de Salud Mención Gerontología

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Estrategia de ejercicio físico para mejorar la hipertensión arterial en adultos mayores
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-04-04) Toaquiza Toapanta, Luz América; Mayorga Ortiz, William Rubén
Arterial hypertension is a chronic non-communicable disease and its incidence increases at advanced ages, this constitutes one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and renal failure. The increase in blood pressure values is associated with aging and its cause is complex and multifactorial, with modifiable or preventable risk factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits, alcohol consumption, stress, diseases such as diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemias and non-modifiable factors such as age, gender, ethnicity and genetics. Therefore, this research project aims to determine the effect of physical exercise in improving blood pressure values in hypertensive older adults at the Saquisilí Health Center. This is a study with a quantitative, experimental, cross-sectional and field approach that included 29 patients selected by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The blood pressure of the participating population was taken one week before and one week after the physical exercise to obtain the average. The recording during the work sessions was carried out 10 minutes before and 30 minutes after. They underwent aerobic physical exercise in three stages: warm-up, aerobic exercises, and cooldown, three times a week for 12 weeks, with the result that the practice of physical exercise decreased systolic blood pressure values of 5.58 mm of Hg and in the diastolic of 5.93 mm of Hg. It is concluded that non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of arterial hypertension, such as the practice of physical exercise in hypertensive older adults, is favorable and forms an integral part of the treatment of hypertension, even in patients receiving medication, with a significant decrease in hypertension values. arterial.
Estrategia para fortalecer el equilibrio dinámico de los adultos mayores del Grupo Arte y Cultura de San Antonio de Ibarra mediante la danza
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-11) Armas Acosta, Eliana Salome; Miranda Peñaloza, Verónica Alexandra
There is a range of creative therapies that produce positive effects in old adults, among them, Dance provides countless benefits from different aspects. Dance allows us to have effective movements, agility, weight downloads in different joints, strength, body expression and release of endorphins, the latter are essential to maintain mental health in the elderly. This research "Strategy to strengthen the dynamic balance of the older adults of the art and culture group of San Antonio de Ibarra through dance" has a quantitative methodological approach based on the application of the Tinetti’s test in Pre-Strategy and Post-strategy. This test evaluates balance and gaitin two sections having as a result a quantitative estimate based on its results and numerical interpretations. The desing of the research was field descriptive and longitudinal type because the data was collected in the community. The study group consisted of 18 older adult women between the ages of 60 and 80, who belong to the “art and culture group of older adults of San Antonio de Ibarra”. The dance strategy was applied twice a week during four months. The application of the initial and final test showedsignificant differences, which demonstrated that the research question was correct. Dance allows us to increase mobility, muscle strength, sensory-motor stimulation; and static and dynamic balance. These results suggest that dance should be included as an option for rehabilitation and maintenance of the old adults.
Estrategias de estimulación sensorial para preservar el gusto y olfato en adultos mayores
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Lua Coello, Jacqueline Tatiana; Peñafiel Luna, Andrea Carolina
Due to the increase of the aging population and the low birth rate, we propose the realization of this development project, which is based on applying strategies of sensory stimulation, taste and smell in older adults of the Autonomous Decentralized Parochial Government of Atahualpa, belonging to the Canton Ambato, with the main objective of preserving the sensory functionality, due to the passing of the years modifies the ability of perception of the senses chemo-sensory and they are decreasing. Therefore the importance of the evaluation of the senses of smell and taste, through the initial and final evaluation with the application of the Sniffin' Sticks test (smell) and the drop test (taste), and the application of sensory stimulation strategies to preserve the intervened senses, it is vital to identify the cognitive capacity for this reason it was essential to apply the modified Mini Mental Test (MMSE), to know who are or are not suitable, considering the presence of any deficit, with the results obtained we proceeded to select the participants of the intervention. When comparing the initial and final evaluations of the stimulated senses, it was found that: taste increased from 3.2% to 29%, that is, over ninety percent in the four main tastes evaluated; in smell, the increase of 54.9% of participants with normal smell stands out significantly, as well as the reduction of 29.1% of individuals who presented anosmia, despite the fact that anosmia prevailed in the minimum amount of 3.2%. We showed that the application of sensory stimulation strategies for taste and smell are beneficial and provide positive results, if they are carried out for 12 weeks, every day, and when this is achieved, improvement can be achieved, as in this case shown by the participants who benefited from the intervention, with a bilateral significance in the sense of smell of 0.000, salty taste 0.023 and for bitter taste 0.017 according to the verification made with the statistical test T Student for related samples with value P<0.05, so the use of the strategies is recommended, in people who require or present alterations in these senses.
Estrategias de intervención con ejercicios de fortalecimiento muscular para mejorar la velocidad de la marcha en el adulto mayor
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Muyulema Sailema, Alexandra Viviana; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina
Over the years, gait speed decreases and becomes slow, being the main focus of falls and fractures in the worst case, working on muscle strengthening allows the elderly to achieve adequate gait speed and maintain their physical and functional capacity, for this reason the main objective of this project is to evaluate intervention strategies with muscle strengthening exercises to improve gait speed in the elderly. The initial and final evaluation of the muscular strength of the lower limb and the gait speed was carried out with the Daniels scale and the six-meter test, an intervention program with muscular strengthening exercises was designed according to the physical capacity. of older adults. This study is a quantitative investigation with intervention, analytical, prospective, longitudinal, the same one that had 36 older adults who attended 12 weeks of intervention, with 45-minute sessions, 3 times a week. For the correlation between strength and speed, the T Student statistical test was applied, through the statistical program SPSS for Windows version 21.0. When comparing the initial and final evaluations of muscle strength and gait speed, an improvement of 27.8% was found in the optimal muscle strength of the left lower limb and 30.6% in the right, observing an increase in the strength of each older adult; in gait speed, an improvement stands out significantly with 69.9% of participants with normal speed, there is also a significant relationship between (p=0.000) gait speed and muscle strength, because the population where the intervention was performed He spends most of his time active.
Guía de cuidados de enfermería en adultos mayores con dependencia para disminuir el riesgo de úlceras por presión en el hogar
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Atiencia Zurita, Gabriela del Rosario; Llerena Cepeda, María de Lourdes
Pressure ulcers is a geriatric syndrome that has now become a health problem but can be prevented in 95% of cases, through education and training for caregivers or family members, injuries can be avoided. and its complications. General objective: Establish a guide for nursing care in elderly people with dependency at home to reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Methods: It is a research with a quantitative, field, descriptive level approach with a longitudinal design. The instruments used were the Barthel scale, the Norton scale and the COCU-LCRD 23 questionnaire with a reliability of 0.852. For data analysis, the SPSS version 27 program was used. Results: the assessment of the elderly with the Barthel scale found that 52.4% have moderate dependency, 33.3% low dependency and 14.3% % severe dependency; In the assessment of the risk of pressure ulcers with the Norton scale, 52.4% were found to be at high risk, 38.1 at medium risk, and 9.5 at very high risk. Regarding the educational intervention of caregivers or family members, the questionnaire is divided into 6 items 1) Assessment of the skin: pretest with 9.5% in the posttest with 95.2%. 2) Skin care: 9.5% pretest and 100% in the posttest. 3) Pressure relief: pretest 9.5% and posttest 90.5%. 4) Diet: pretest 14.3% and posttest 95.2%. 5) Humidity: pretest 47.6% in the posttest 95.2%. 6) Friction: 19.0% in the pretest and 95.2% in the posttest. Conclusion: Education for caregivers or relatives with dependent older adults helps prevent the development of health complications such as pressure ulcers.
Guía de ejercicios propioceptivos vestibulares para mejorar la marcha del adulto mayor
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Cortez Pastuña, Karen Mishel; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica
Loss of balance in the elderly cause falls, that are a major public health problem, thus classified as one of the most important problems in the elderly due to post-fall consequences. Due to aging, sensorimotor functions, as balance and proprioception, are altered. At present, it has been observed that in several gerontological centers and hospitals the protocol for the prevention of falls has focused on conventional exercises with parallel bars. This is why a proprioceptive-vestibular exercise guide added to a conventional protocol will improve gait control. A guide of proprioceptive-vestibular exercises was carried out in a population of 25 older adults, which consists of three phases where the complexity of the exercises increases. The first phase of 4 weeks is worked individually and phase two and three are applied as a group. For the evaluation of the data and variables in balance and proprioception, the Timed Up and test, the Tinetti test, the Romberg test and finally the Berg scale were applied. The application of the guide lasted 12 weeks. For its elaboration, bibliographic instruments were used that were taken from the main scientific bases: PubMed, Sciene Direct, Scielo and were modified according to the reality of the Older Adults evaluated. Favorable results were obtained, it contributed to reduce the number of falls in older adults with a higher risk of falling, to increase confidence when walking and control the balance. All this was evidenced not only with the results of the tests, but also with a higher level of independence in daily activities during the day that they attended the Gerontological Center.
Guía de estimulación cognitiva y su efecto en adultos mayores con deterioro cognitivo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Sailema Lalaleo, Angélica Johanna; Rodríguez Pérez, Mayra Lucía
As age advances, the functioning of the individual undergoes physical and psychological changes due to the aging process, however, the problem begins when the line of normal aging is crossed, generating frequent pathologies of advanced age such as cognitive deterioration, which can later develop diseases. irreversible as Alzheimer affecting the autonomy and independence of the elderly. However, psychology professionals through cognitive techniques and strategies have sought to avoid or prevent the disease from progressing. Therefore, the objective of the project is to design a bibliographically-based cognitive stimulation guide that I supported and allows determining the influence of the intervention on the elderly with cognitive impairment.
Guía de terapia ocupacional para mejorar la función de la mano en los adultos mayores
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-06) Millingalli Ortega, Mayra Lasteña; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando
The older adult population is growing over the years, and with it all the conditions that come with the aging process, this includes a decrease in function, especially of the hands; In such a way, this research aims to establish an occupational therapy guide to improve the function of the hands of the elderly; by carrying out a longitudinal explanatory study of 15 older adults who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the design of the guide, scientific information was reviewed in different bases according to the PRISMA recommendations, obtaining 20 articles that supported the guide, in addition, the participants were evaluated with the numerical pain scale (NRS), Cochin Test and the strength test. with a dynamometer as an instrument before and after the application of the guide. The clinical results of the study demonstrated a decrease in hand pain intensity from severe to moderate and moderate to mild pain in 80% of the population, increase in grip strength by approximately 3 pounds in both right and left hands and global functionality of high and some difficulty, low difficulty on the Cochin scale. Statistically significant differences were found in pain intensity (0.006), right grip strength. (0.000) and left. (0.000) and global functionality (0.003). It is concluded that an occupational therapy guide can improve the functionality of the hands in older adults with or without mild or moderate degenerative pathologies and prevent permanent complications.
Intervención nutricional con alimentos autóctonos de la Amazonía para disminuir los niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad en los adultos mayores
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-10) Cazco Cevallos, Karla Alejandra; Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth
The objective of the research is to apply a nutritional intervention with indigenous foods from the Amazon to reduce the levels of overweight and obesity in older adults of the Campesino Social Security of Vencedores; for which, the degree of overweight in the elderly of the Rural Social Security is identified through physical and medical evaluation, using a methodology based on the body mass index (BMI), which applies the height and weight of the people to determine the ideal value or weight, in this case of each elderly person. The first results show overweight in older adults; while with the application of a nutritional plan in the later an improvement is seen by reducing the overweight and raising the indicator of normal weight; These are considerable improvements due to the identified need and contribute to improving the diet of the elderly of the Rural Social Security. A food plan is also developed through the investigation of food products from the Amazon and their nutritional value, in order to reduce the levels of overweight and obesity in the elderly of the peasant social security (Annex 1), which Through the application of BMI after applying this nutritional plan, a notable improvement in health and in the indicator is observed in the elderly. To verify the above, the intake of indigenous Amazonian foods is correlated with the decrease in overweight and obesity in the elderly of the Rural Social Security, obtaining that the Pearson correlation is strong and positive with an indicator of 0.897 and a p value of 0.000 proving the study hypothesis.
Musicoterapia intraoperatoria y sus efectos en la ansiedad del adulto mayor sometido a cirugía con anestesia raquídea
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Guerrero Guerrero, Elizabeth Giovanna; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica
Music therapy promotes an innovative, natural and economical form of care, allowing the nurse-patient relationship to be strengthened through a pleasant musical sound environment, which enables the patient to feel safe during surgery and to reach a necessary state of relaxation, thus reducing anxiety. that can generate the surgical area. The objective of this project is to determine the effects of intraoperative music therapy on the anxiety of the elderly, undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia, at the Pelileo Basic Hospital. The study has a methodological, quantitative, field approach, with a descriptive level and longitudinal design, which was applied with a sample of 30 patients randomly divided into 15 experimental group (GE) who received music therapy, 15 control group (GC) without music therapy, prior informed consent, respecting ethical principles. The instrument used was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDARE), to measure the level of anxiety before and after the application of music therapy, whose results were analyzed: intergroup by means of the Mann-Whitney U test where it was found that the GE presented significant changes at the p<0.05 level and intragroup, by means of the Wilcoxon range test where it was revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean level of anxiety between the two groups (Z= -2.556, p= 0.011). Concluding that listening to music can decrease preoperative anxiety levels, and that if the patient's musical preference is considered, it causes a greater effect since familiarity with the music genre produced greater satisfaction and relaxation because patients in some cases they would sing what they heard, thus diverting their attention from the anxiety they were going through.
Plan de actividades de entretenimiento para mejorar el estado funcional y cognitivo de los adultos mayores
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Vásconez Espín, Patricia Estefanía; Martínez Freire, Angélica Maricela
Older adults are in a stage of life in which there are a large number of changes and a difficulty to adapt to them, the result of the passage of time is reflected in physical and cognitive deterioration which can lead to disabilities, through the entertainment activities that are fulfilled in free time, it is sought to maintain the autonomy of the population studied, in addition to improving the quality due to guaranteeing healthy aging. Objective: To design a plan of leisure activities in the functional state of older adults that motivates them to be part of a healthy old age. Materials and methods: quantitative approach because it will use the Barthel scale to assess the level of dependence of the elderly, the MiniMental Test to assess intellectual capacity and global cognitive performance, we worked with a group of 49 older adults from the parish of Santa Rosa. Results: it was evidenced that after applying the plan of entertainment activities designed, older adults improved their functional and cognitive capacity. Results: it was evidenced that after applying the plan of entertainment activities designed, older adults improved their functional and cognitive capacity. Conclusions: It was possible to structure a plan of entertainment activities with a duration of fourteen weeks, in which the older adults group with whom we worked was encouraged to adopt healthy habits in their lives that contribute positively to their daily development.
Plan de Educación para cuidadores de la persona adulta mayor en situación de dependencia funcional
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Ricaurte Zavala, Erika Viviana; Aguilar Salazar, Aida Fabiola
The quality of life of caregivers is conditioned by an important factor which is overload, causing physical and mental stress in the task of caring for a dependent older adult, for which they have not received previous training in the tasks of caring for the older adult and self-care in the caregiver. The objective is based on demonstrating the efficacy of the implementation of an education plan aimed at 20 caregivers of functionally dependent older adults. The repercussions of the caregiving task, the lack of knowledge and preparation for such work and the need for education or training to increase understanding in caregiving and decrease overload are addressed. The results of the implementation of this education report changes in the attitude of the caregivers and an improvement in the attention and relationship with the elderly, demonstrating that an education plan is certainly a contribution to achieve a balance within the caregiving role and improve overload.
Plan de evaluación del riesgo de caídas con estimulación auditiva rítmica en el adulto mayor
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2023-04-04) Moreano Cuadrado, Andrea Lissette; Espín Pastor, Victoria
Due to their limited capacities, older persons are particularly susceptible in their immediate local environment. A fall occurs in at least one third of persons over 65 every year. In many therapeutic settings, auditory stimulation brought on by music has been employed as a tool. The discipline of geriatrics has also employed this kind of stimulation. Via the coordination of movements, the rhythm and its variations affect elderly people's motor skills. improve Parkinson's gait, motor difficulties following an accident, and postural control in elderly persons. With rhythmic auditory stimulation in older persons, create a plan for fall risk assessment. With the help of 100 older adults who met the inclusion criteria and were 65 years of age or older, the development project's quantitative, field, descriptive, cross-sectional methodology allowed researchers to assess the very strong association between auditory stimulation rhythmic activity and the risk of falling. The TUG test has a very high Pearson correlation with the EAR Walk test, which results in a p-value of 0.00, indicating that this test is related to the risk of falling, just like the EAR Walk test with the Berg scale, which also has a p-value of 0.00. Concluding that there is a significant relationship between the results of rhythmic auditory stimulation tests and the likelihood that older people may fall.