Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de horno de convección forzada con una capacidad de 5 kg para la industria panificadora
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Núñez Arroba, Ariel Patricio; Villacís Verdezoto, Joel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The bakery industry is faced with the need to increase production speed due to society's growing demand for bakery products. In this context, forced convection ovens have proven to be a more efficient solution compared to static ovens, offering efficiency comparable to that of rotary ovens. A prototype of a forced convection oven was designed and built for the Rico Pan bakery, located in the parish of Santa Rosa. Both the static and dynamic mechanical elements of the oven were made of AISI 430 stainless steel due to its resistance to corrosion, guaranteeing durability and reliability. The oven includes fans that generate forced convection, allowing a homogeneous distribution of heat and, therefore, uniform baking of the products. The oven capacity is 5 kg of product and has a useful interior volume of 0.24 cubic meters, managing to operate efficiently in a temperature range of 125 to 180 degrees Celsius for a time of 20 to 25 minutes, ensuring thermal stability. As a result, in the operating tests, negligible levels of carbon monoxide were detected, which is a positive indicator for both human consumption and environmental impact, however, certain areas were found inside the furnace chamber where there are energy losses, for this reason, in terms of efficiency, the system reached 29.62 percent, which is optimal for this type of operation.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de quemador a gas de tubo radiante de doble paso sin regeneración para uso semi-industrial
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Cortez Palma, Anderson Steeven; Torres Tierra, Kevin Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    In the present research, due to the problems that arise in the combustion deficiency of LPG in burners, the initiative was taken to design and build this prototype, to analyze and perform functional tests, for the collection of data necessary in the determination of the energy use of the burner. Information was collected on the various types of existing radiant tube burners, the characteristics of the materials they are manufactured, the design parameters, in such a way that the most appropriate option was selected based on criteria such as performance, cost, characteristic of the flame and the combustion mixture that exists between LPG and air, the prototype was made using advanced 3D design software, which allowed modeling its main components, in which the gas injector stands out. , the radiant tubes and the support structure for the prototype. The prototype was built with equipment such as GMAW welding, GTAW, plate bending machine, drill, cutter, among others, which allowed the union of the tubes, elbows and others. accessories for support. To measure the temperatures and gases in the radiant tubes in the operation tests, technological equipment was used such as: the thermographic camera, Bacharach Insight gas analyzer, pressure gauges and air velocity meters. As a result, thermodynamic calculations, heat transfer calculations, mechanical calculations and performance and efficiency calculations of the system were carried out, as well as its subsequent assembly.
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    Diseño y construcción de un sistema para deshidratar alfalfa para la Corporación Ecuatoriana para el desarrollo integral productivo Cedinp S.C.C.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Guamanquispe Vaca, Diego Vinicio; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
    The economic situation of the agricultural sector at the national level has always been a serious problem, due to the short useful life and seasonality of many products, for which the producers are forced to sell their products at the market price for fear of deteriorate; products such as legumes, vegetables and fruits have a shelf life of a few days so they should be consumed as soon as possible, it is for this reason that the design of an alfalfa dehydrator is proposed in this technical project, for which in In the first place, the parameters that influence the design have been determined, such as the amount of alfalfa to be dehydrated, its relative humidity at the beginning and end of the process, ambient temperature, through a bibliographic study, it was possible to determine the average drying temperature, speed of circulation of hot air, using physical and thermal parameters of the product such as density and specific heat; In the same way, through a thermodynamic study and heat transfer criteria, it was determined, drying time, power and energy necessary for the process, with the aforementioned parameters, of design and built a system to dehydrate alfalfa to which to guarantee an adequate process, a control system was installed for both temperature and air flow, a system that allows dehydration of 15 kg of alfalfa at 40 degrees Celsius and in a time of 8 hours.
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    Análisis térmico para el proceso de secado de fideo tipo Regin en la empresa Industrias Catedral S.A, para determinar su eficiencia
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Goyes Guerrero, David Nicolás; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The experimental work begins due to the need to have an updated energy study regarding the evaluation of thermal efficiency levels in the noodle drying process of tunnel 1 in the company Industrias Catedral S.A; based on the need to quantify the heat used in a typical drying chamber, as well as the most representative energy losses generated in the production of noodles. In the experimental process of calculating the thermal efficiency, it began with the identification of the thermophysical parameters of the raw material, as well as the evaluation of the standard noodle production. The data collection and measurements of normal operating temperatures of the radiator, temperature in the trays, air speed at the outlet of the fans, speed in air outlets, heat used for the drying of noodles, fundamental factors that intervene in the analysis of heat transfer and utilization within a static drying chamber of type trays. As a result, the supplied heat was analyzed in a type chamber, for region noodles, the regin noodles take advantage of 4,067
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    Diseño de un intercambiador de calor de coraza y tubos para el aprovechamiento de gases residuales de una caldera de 125 BHP de potencia para la empresa GN. Industrial en la provincia de Tungurahua cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Martínez Ochoa, Oscar Maximiliano; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The proposed objectives include: the design of a tube and shell exchanger for the use of waste gases from a 125 BHP power boiler for the GN INDUSTRIAL company. the characteristic parameters of the shell and pipe heat exchanger were determined, as well as the appropriate materials were selected for its correct operation, thermal analysis was carried out using software to determine the behavior of the fluids. The LMDT and NUT methods were used for thermal design. For the mechanical design, the ASME section VIII recommendations and the TEMA regulation were considered, which standardizes certain criteria for the design through the finite element method with the help of software, thermal and mechanical analysis of the heat exchanger was carried out with the following results: Thermal power of 25.53 kilowatts, heat transfer area of 5.75 square meters, efficiency of 37 percent, presenting as water outlet temperature of 29 degrees centigrade and the exhaust gas outlet temperature of 190 degrees centigrade the same one that has 24 two pass Cedula 40 tubes with a length of 1.5 meters and a shell of 600 millimeters in diameter and a total length of the heat exchanger of 2.13 meters with a weight of 645 kilograms, same that meets the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical requirements for the recovery of heat from the exhaust gases of the boiler for which it is being designed.
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    Análisis térmico de un prototipo de cámara de secado estática por convección y radiación de 1000 W para uso semiindustrial
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-04) Criollo Camacho, William Rene; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The present research work is focused on the temperature distributions inside the drying chamber with a radiation heat source that in this case four infrared lamps of 250 W each are used. In order to obtain these temperatures, experimental analyses are carried out in the prototype of the chamber and also with a modeling of the dryer simulations were obtained in the software, in a transient state with time intervals of 180, 240 and 688 seconds. The methodology proposed for the study was software simulation, first verifying the modeling of the chamber, then proceeding with the steps for data entry such as: parameters for the type of analysis, type of fluid (air), initial conditions, selection of materials, boundary conditions, amount of heat and radiating surfaces, also through calculations of the parameters of heat transfer inside the chamber by natural convection, forced and radiation, with their combinations reaching 771 W, also obtained the variation of stored energy for the air of 15.65 W. Applying energy balance, the losses by convection to the outside are determined, which reach 25 W. The combined results of the heat transfer methods help to calculate the efficiency of the chamber in vacuum (without load) and considering only the heating of the air inside gives us 6.4 percent. In the experimental and simulated time intervals analyzed, the temperature distributions in the middle and lower part of the chamber reach maximum values of 47 and 58.75 degrees Celsius, respectively.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo para recuperación de calor residual en el calderín pirotubular de 2 BHP del Laboratorio de Energía de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-01) Pérez Rojas, Wilman Omar; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    This technical project has the function of recovering the residual heat from the gases or fumes that are expelled directly into the environment by the boiler chimney, which will also contribute to a large extent to solve a deficit of equipment in the energy laboratory, and will help so that students can carry out practices of the theory learned. The compilation of information was carried out through reliable research sources such as magazines, books, scientific publications, and duly verified websites that provide relevant data to the project. First, the metallic heat recovery unit was chosen, then the design and simulation in software was carried out to verify its operation and thus can be validated and used, later it was passed to the manufacturing process, and finally it was completed with physical tests of operation. The simulation was carried out with the existing data of the temperature with which the combustion gases exit through the boiler chimney and with the support of the properties of the fluids found in the software library, also the data of the cold fluid that will be air at room temperature, when performing the simulation, the temperature increase of the cold fluid was verified by means of the circulation carried out during the heat recovery process. Finally, the results were obtained and it was observed that the lower the speed, the greater the increase in temperature we have of the cold fluid, to mention when the temperature is 20 degrees Celsius at a speed of 5 meters per second, it reaches a temperature of 34.2 degrees Celsius, all we can see the data with different speeds in the simulation results.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de recuperador de calor por placas para calentamiento de aire para el Laboratorio de Energía de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-01) Cunalata Guachamboza, Oscar Vinicio; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    This project was developed in order to recover the residual heat of the combustion gases, taking advantage of it for air heating. Information collection was done by reviewing functional characteristics, material types, and board configurations. Subsequently it began with the design of the ducts so that the flow circulates without complications, a detachable exchanger core was built allowing easy cleaning. The square configuration for airflow and trapezoidal for the flow of exhaust gases by way of forming ducts was determined on the plates, all in aluminium. For the supply of fresh air a low pressure centrifugal fan-extractor was chosen and to maintain the temperature glass mineral wool was placed, all these materials were selected according to criteria such as: cost, availability, thermal conductivity and flow rates. By means of calculations of forced convection in internal flow, the temperatures, speeds and pressure drop of the flows were determined, for validation a finite element analysis software was used to determine the increase in air temperature, being the inlet temperature of the exhaust flow, inlet temperature and fresh air flow rate of 105 degrees Celsius , 20 degrees Celsius and 20 meters per second, respectively; reaching an increase of 11.3 degrees Celsius and an output speed of 13 meters per second in the airflow. Experimental tests showed an air outlet temperature of 58 degrees Celsius with the following parameters, exhaust gas temperature at 90 degrees Celsius and 0.01 cubic meters per second, 7 meters per second and 20 degrees Celsius from fresh air. In addition, the crossflowing heat exchanger handles flow rates between: 0.01 to 0.05 cubic meters per second and temperatures between: 20 to 105 degrees Celsius.
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    Diseño y construcción de un magnetrón para pulverizácion catódica para el Laboratorio de Materiales de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Núñez Chadán, Eduardo Mauricio; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
    Due to a great research for the development of technology that allows us to study and analyze coatings on surfaces, their processes and techniques with which the properties of the surfaces of the materials are modified, this technical project is carried out which aims, the design and construction of a magnetron for a sputtering equipment, whose function is to provide coating to metal surfaces, using the technique of sputtering of direct current and magnetron (Magnetron sputtering DC). In the theoretical and analytical, the versatile design stands out, with a changeable blank, a large vacuum chamber, where the samples can be manipulated and a removable magnetron, built with accessible material with properties that support the corrosion to which it will ever be , The selection of permanent magnets of high power (Neodymium Magnets), a vacuum pump was made, the quality is important for the formation of plasma and the obtaining of coatings, in addition to having a liquid cooling system, which allows maintain a stable temperature, avoiding overheating and prolonging the time of use, a voltage variator and a transformer that allows to raise the x10 voltage with a rectifier bridge that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). This team allowed the obtaining of metallic coatings for the development of future research carried out by students and teachers in the materials laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato.
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    Diseño de un convertidor que permita transformar la energía eléctrica obtenida mediante un sistema de generación híbrido compuesto por paneles solares fotovoltaicos y un generador eólico en energía térmica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Moreta López, Luis David; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The present technical project has as its central research objective the design and construction of an energy converter that allows to transform the electric voltage of the batteries that is generated by a system of unconventional resources consisting of a combination of photovoltaic solar panels and a wind generator, to obtain thermal energy used in the process of heating water for domestic use. The geographic and environmental conditions of the white river community as a cold climate prevails, generated the need to install a water preheating system consisting of flat plate thermal panels and vacuum tubes driven by the solar radiation intensity of the area and connected directly to the water supply for exploiting the potential of volumetric flow. The design of the converter components was made based on the technical characteristics of the electrical potential installed in the white river community to increase the efficiency of the water heating processes guaranteed a low energy consumption through drive depending on the hot water requirement. The purpose of the operation tests is to verify and sustain that the converter can operate continuously and without interruptions and reach high levels of efficiency during all times of the year considering the climatic conditions to which it is exposed in the community, the climate variation as a function of time is quantified with the data obtained in the area by previous investigations in order to make projections that allow to know the trend of behavior of parameters such as radiation. Finally, the performance tests were carried out by taking data in the area through the control and monitoring system that allowed the collection of values with respect to the increase in the magnitude of the water temperature, and the operation of the converter was guaranteed throughout the year by means of projections with reference to previous bibliographic data taken from the irradiance of the area, thus demonstrating the high efficiency of operation of the project under all conditions likely to arise in the area.