Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Análisis de los efectos de las cargas dinámicas durante el impacto frontal de autobuses sobre los pasajeros
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Guananga Guevara, Luis Leonardo; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
    This thesis work analyzed the behavior of the superstructure of a bus subjected to a dynamic frontal crash, using the Ecuadorian regulation NTE INEN 1688- Intraregional, interprovincial and intraprovincial public passenger transport vehicles. The purpose is to analyze the injuries produced in a dynamic frontal crash of interprovincial buses, which will be evaluated according to the criteria of regulation R80 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). The regulation is based on a real situation of a standardized dynamic frontal crash. For the analysis of the superstructure, the front part of the passengers was considered, three simulations were carried out: without seat belt, with two-point and three-point seat belt, in each test a hybrid III dummy was used, which is placed in a mobile structure that has an acceleration pulse as indicated in the R80 UNECE regulation. With the investigation of the results obtained, it was demonstrated that the use of twopoint and three-point seat belts provide a similar behavior in the dummy when simulating a frontal crash of the selected part of the bus structure, so it is very important to place any of these two belts for the passengers, since if they are not used, it shows serious injuries.
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    Análisis de los efectos del airbag del conductor de autobús en colisiones frontales mediante simulación
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-08) Acosta Ramón, Diego Hernán; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
    The present thesis work was carried out in order to analyze the effects of the airbag produced in interprovincial bus drivers, for which airbags were located in its structure and later simulations of frontal crashes were carried out using the CEPE R94, RMDB regulation. by EURONCAP and NHTSA put into effect from the year 2020. For the initial stage, the interprovincial bus was selected to model the structural contribution elements using CAD software, later ANSYS LS-DYNA RESEARCH was used for the simulation, where the selection of the airbag and its adequate position was taken into account, the dummy Hybrid III that allowed to measure 8 injury criteria established by the R94 regulation, and the barriers for frontal and oblique impacts given by EURONCAP and NHTSA. Once the necessary elements and parameters were entered into the software, the simulations began, which consist of 4 crashes with and without airbags, one frontal and the other with an oblique phase shift of 15 degrees. Once the simulation was completed, the results were compared and interpreted. With the investigation it was concluded that the use of the airbag is harmful during frontal crashes and that they are not important, because they increase the injuries in the driver, this being verified by obtaining results that exceed the limits given by the criteria of injuries in the dummy of the regulation. R94.