Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de zanahoria blanca (Arracacia Xanthorrhiza) y garbanzo (Cicer Arietinum) obtenido mediante DOE-mezclas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Chicaiza Lema, Ángel Arturo; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In recent years, the consumption of petroleum-derived plastic has increased considerably, generating an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. To address this problem, we have sought to develop a new material such as bioplastic from the starch of different plants as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative. In this research, test tubes were prepared based on the experimental design by mixtures (DOE), which allowed determining the amount of starch, distilled water, acetic acid and glycerin. 19 cases were obtained, each with 3 replicas, allowing their mechanical properties to be better determined. Tensile, biodegradability and microscopy tests were carried out for each test tube, with the results obtained it was evident that the best combination was 150 ml of distilled water, 10.71 g of white carrot starch, 10.71 g of chickpea starch, 4.25 ml of glycerin and 1.70 ml of acetic acid belonging to case 18, which, from the tensile test, the elastic modulus of 11.86 MPa, a maximum tensile stress of 1.664 MPa and an elongation percentage of 3.04 percent were obtained. While, from the biodegradability test, a biodegradation in soil of 33.68 percent and in air of 18.72 percent was obtained in a period of 32 days. As a result, it was obtained that the bioplastic has mechanical properties very similar to common plastics.
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    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón del camote y celulosa de brócoli obtenido mediante mezclas DOE
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Guallichico Acurio, Johanna Elizabeth; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, the environmental impact of sudden climate changes is considered relevant, giving rise to the concept of creating environmentally friendly products, giving way to biodegradable materials, which seek to reduce waste, create new renewable materials, among other ideals, with the help of technological advances. The experimental project focused on the mechanical characterization of a biopolymer seeking to optimize its properties for potential applications; through a design of experiments (DOE), different combinations of sweet potato starch and cellulose were explored to determine the influence of their proportions on the mechanical properties of the material. It was planned in three main stages: extraction to ensure the quality of the raw materials; analysis of the influence of the different proportions of the components on the tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, hardness and elongation at break of the biopolymer through statistical analysis; and the precise characterization of the mechanical properties of the material according to current standards. As a result, the present work proposed that first the relationship between the composition of the biopolymer and its mechanical properties must be determined, then the three best combinations of starch and cellulose should be identified to obtain the desired characteristics, which will contribute to the development of biopolymers with controlled mechanical properties, offering an ecological and sustainable alternative, opening new possibilities for its application in various sectors, with these results it can be used in the development of disposable products, contributing with one more alternative to safeguard the planet.
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    Caracterización y fabricación de madera plástica a partir de la mezcla de aserrín de Pigüe con tereftalato de polietileno reciclado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-06) Mesias Erazo, Gilber Israel; Nuñez Nuñez, Omar Israel; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In the field of Materials Engineering, the demand for improving the mechanical properties of new materials is growing. Experimental design (DOE) with response surface methodology (MSR) under Box– Behnken design was used in this experimental work. This approach allows the manipulation of three input factors with three levels each: extrusion temperature (160, 170 and 180 degrees Celsius), size of Pigüe scrape fibers (No.30, No. 40 and No. 50, under ASTM E11) and percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET 1) (92, 95 y 98 percent). To investigate the behavior of the results obtained and identify their optimal performance points. This methodology facilitated the evaluation of mechanical properties by means of traction tests (ASTM D638-14), compression tests (ASTM D695-15) and flexion tests (ASTM D790-17), followed by the compilation and analysis of the data obtained. Traction, compression and flexion results were tabulated and an analysis was carried out which cast the following suitable case: a thimble number of 30 (ASTM E11) for the size of the particles of the shell, with a 98 percent percentage of PET 1 in the mixture and an extrusion temperature of 160 degrees Celsius. This suitable case exhibits the following mechanical characteristics: for traction, a strength of 13.97 MPa, for compression, a resistance of 3.60 MPa and for bending, a maximum effort of 19.84 MPa. Finally, the design regression model MSR reflects a global desirability value of 0.6085. Keywords: MSR, Box–Behnken, Pigue, PET recycled, D
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    Optimización de respuestas múltiples (DOE/MSR) de propiedades mecánicas del material híbrido de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibra sintética (carbono) y natural (Chambira)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-01) Freire Paguay, Diego Romario; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Due to the demand that exists today in Materials Engineering, as the days go by, it has always been sought to help improve the mechanical properties of the new design thus meeting the user's need. The specimens were designed under the methodology (DOE / MSR) (Box – Behnken) which allowed to determine the orientation of the natural fiber, synthetic fiber and the temperature. The values that were considered were -45, 0, 45 degrees and the temperature 60, 90, 120 degrees Celsius. With the help of (Box – Behnken) 15 cases with 3 replicates were determined to determine the mechanical properties. The results obtained from the three tests were tabulated and it was observed that the best combination to obtain the optimum material should be performed with orientation1 45 degrees, orientation2 35 degrees and curing temperature 60 degrees Celsius and the MSR design regression model explains up to 95.61 percent the variability of the properties, with an overall desirability value of 0.989.