Ingeniería Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CASCARILLA DE ARROZ

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    Obtención de un material biodegradable impermeable para su utilización en vajilla desechable
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Hurtado Salazar, Nelson Enrique; Molina Guerrero, Javier Alexander; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    In recent years, industrialized nations have seen a significant increase in the production of household waste, likewise, the growing environmental awareness and the demand for sustainable alternatives have generated the need to develop biodegradable and waterproof materials that allow for environmentally friendly elements. A waterproof biodegradable material was obtained for use in disposable tableware, under an experimental methodology and a series of tests were carried out; hardness, flexure and impact, and waterproof and degradability testing, comprehensively addressing the challenges associated with obtaining this material; using the necessary international and national standards to ensure that the result is a valid option, which meets the requirements and parameters necessary to ensure people's food safety. In addition, a simulation of the behavior of the plate was carried out in a specific software, determining its maximum deformation, placing the maximum force obtained from the tests and indicating the fixed clamping conditions so that the plate does not present any displacement and achieve optimal results. The results allow us to assert that sugarcane bagasse has a lower resistance; These values were similar for the bending, impact and hardness test without the application of a waterproof film. Last but not least, for the issue of impermeability, the food grade film was applied where it yielded similar results for the final product, with rice husk being the best biodegradable and waterproof material.
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    Análisis del proceso de ranurado del material compuesto de matríz polimérica con resina epoxi y poliéster reforzado con cascarilla de arroz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Cando Mullo, Luis David; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    Actually, the machining of composites has taken special importance in the industry dedicated to the production of structural components, however, due to the characteristics of these materials, a special sensitivity is observed to evaluate surface quality, so that as a contribution to the study of the machining of composite materials, an experimental research was developed focused on the analysis of the grooving process of the composite material made of polymer matrix reinforced with rice husk, which can be very useful in the bodywork industry and in the construction area as a replacement for wood and plaster. For the development of the grooving test, the response surface method based on the central composite design was used, from which 104 experiments were obtained to evaluate the surface quality, roughness and delamination factor (input and output) left by the machining process. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) the adequacy of the experimental model was corroborated where it was determined that the optimum material to execute a grooving process is the compound of RE + CA applying a cutting speed of 70 (m / min), advance of 0.1 (mm / rev), working with a 103 S tool, obtaining minimum input and output delamination and acceptable roughness for said process. In addition, tests of UV degradation and traction were developed to observe the behavior of the compound, noting that the RP + CA composite exposed to an exposure time interval of 0, 50, 100, and 150 hours exhibits increased resistance to tension unlike the composite material of RE + CA that shows a considerable loss of mechanical property.
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    Análisis del proceso de taladrado del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con cascarilla de arroz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Mena Lema, Nataly Maribel; Pérez Salinas, Christian Fabián
    The present experimental work is directed to know the influence of the parameters of cut, in the superficial quality of the process of drilling in a composite with polymeric matrix (83%) and reinforcement of husk of rice (17%), whose main application is directed to the construction area as a replacement for wood and plaster. The experimental design used is the SURFACE METHOD OF ANSWER, with which 104 work combinations are obtained, by using a composite central design that employs two categorical factors (type of resin and drill) and two continuous (velocity of spindle and forward), as well as the development of two replicas. Once the data was analyzed, the global optimum point was obtained, which made reference to the best individual optimum. It achieved the combination with the minimum surface roughness and the minimum delamination factor. With a composite desirability of 0.725; the combination with the best results is the polyester resin + rice husk composite, which obtained a roughness of 1,167μm, an input delamination factor of 1,3175, and an output delamination factor of 1,5348; with a drill for Kevlar with N = 468.63 rpm and Vf = 82.72 mm / min. Additionally, a water absorption technology test was developed with the ASTM-D570 standard, where after 864 hours of immersion in distilled water, the test pieces recorded an increase of 3.2% in the epoxy matrix and 5.54% in the polyester matrix, thus noting that the first has greater resistance to moisture.
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    Estudio del proceso de corte láser de CO2 del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con cascarilla de arroz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Tonato Tonato, Juan Carlos; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    The CO2 laser cutting process, being widely used in the industrial field due to its excellent precision, accuracy and rapid processing to make the cut, was investigated in two polymeric compounds based on natural fibers (polyester matrix and epoxy matrix reinforced with rice husk), in order to evaluate the influence of the independent input variables (power and cutting speed) on the quality of laser cutting and additionally flammability tests were carried out for possible applications. The characteristics of the surface finish evaluated were the roughness of the cut surface and the thermal effect (surface temperature of the edge adjacent to the cut) that were made in the process. Twenty-six series of experimental tests were executed for each composite material, based on the central design composed by the response surface methodology (MSR). First-order response models were presented for surface temperatures and a second-order model for the roughness (Ra) of the surface manufactured by laser, and the adequacy of the models was verified through the analysis of variances (ANOVA). From the analysis, it was determined that in the polyester matrix composite material, better surface quality (lower roughness) and lower surface temperatures are presented in comparison with the epoxy matrix compound. Regarding the combustion rates that result from the flammability tests of both the polyester matrix compound (8.27 mm / min) and epoxy matrix (15.85 mm / min) it was determined that they are within the acceptable permissible range ( ≤100 mm / min and ≤250 mm / min) that must comply with the flammability of the materials inside the road vehicles.
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    Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con cascarilla de arroz para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Lalaleo Galarza, Edisson Fernando; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    This research is based on the characterization of matrix composite material reinforced polyester rice hull, different types of stratification (manual-compression) and volume fraction in order to obtain the best material containing optimum mechanical properties were taken. The development of the new material was required to perform different mechanical test, specifically Tensile, Bending, Impact and Fractography; which they were indispensable to determine the parameters for assessing characterization of composite material, type of stratification (manual-compression) and volume fractions. The results show that Type B composite of compression lamination has a tensile strength superior to that of gypsum ceiling. In other words, according to the traction tests the gypsum ceiling can be replaced by the Type B composite. The tensile modulus of compressive stratification Type B composite was 7955 MPa, corresponding to a 65% improvement over that of gypsum ceiling.