Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Análisis de propiedades mecánicas a utensilios biodegradables
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Araujo Pérez, Kevin Ricardo; Reinoso Manobanda, Marlon Joel; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This analysis aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of biodegradable spoons and forks to determine their viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional utensils. The development of prototypes from biodegradable materials allows competition in relation to plastic products due to their high contamination worldwide. Mechanical parameters were analyzed to determine whether the material used in the fork and spoon prototypes are efficient and comparable to plastic utensils. These mechanical parameters include bending, tensile, hardness and hydrophobicity, the first three parameters are performed on a universal mechanical testing machine, while the last one is performed in a conventional way with a design program, where the contact angle was measured. The materials used for the fork and spoon prototypes are a key element to achieve similar properties to plastic and biodegradable utensils already on the market, so corn starch and wheat starch were chosen. The analysis of these parameters was compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained showed that the utensils made from wheat starch have similar characteristics, being in some aspects superior to plastic and biodegradable utensils on the market. In addition, their hydrophobic behaviour was optimal, as the contact angle exceeded 90 degrees at most points, making them a viable alternative for the biodegradable utensil industry.
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    Obtención de un material biodegradable y elaboración de un vaso a partir de almidón de maíz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-06) López Yánez, Julio Armando; Tasigchana Chango, Jorge Raúl; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge Patricio
    In this technical project the process for obtaining sheets of the biodegradable material was detailed, tests were carried out to give a final use to the material with the manufacture of glasses. To obtain the corn starch, the tender corn was soaked for eight hours, to give way to washing and wet grinding, the result was left at rest for 24 hours, the starch settling to remove water and residues, the starch was left to rest to that the remaining humidity is eliminated and when it dries to obtain cornstarch. The process for the manufacture of corn starch sheets was achieved with the mixture of tender corn starch, adding binders, glycerin, acetic acid, distilled water and heating it until obtaining a uniform casting. The samples obtained were sent to the laboratories for tensile, flammable and hardness tests, with the data the properties table for the vegetable plastic cup based on corn starch was presented. To produce the cup, a design of the glass was implemented using CAD software and the development of a mold for injection of the material. It concluded with the delivery of the technical sheet which includes the description of the product, applications and technical data such as the combustion rate which is 117,43 mm / min, a shore hardness D 73.85 maximum effort at the tensile 16,85 MPa, modulus of elasticity 756,439 MPa with a percentage of elongation 3.60 percent.