Tesis Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia

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Adición de un cultivo microbiano caseroen la dieta alimenticia de pollos parrilleros
(2015-02-28) Gamboa Granizo, Diana Gabriela; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
En la Granja Experimental Avícola de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, situada en el sector de Querochaca, Cantón Cevallos, Provincia de Tungurahua, se plantea una sustitución alimenticia en pollos de engorde línea ROSS 308, en la que se empleará un Cultivo Microbiano Caseropara remplazar el uso de antibióticos como promotor de crecimiento y determinar el porcentaje de adición en la dieta alimenticia; basado en el desarrollo normal del ave y comparando los parámetros productivos de los lotes en estudio. El Cultivo Microbiano Caseroes un producto biológico compuesto deun consorcio de microorganismos capaces de producir cantidades apreciables de ácidos orgánicos como láctico, acético, enzimas, entre otros. Disminuye el pH, aumenta ladigestibilidad de la materia seca. Consta deuna fuente de energía en forma de carbohidratos de fácil fermentación como melaza, una fuente de nitrógeno como la urea y aminoácidos que le pueda suministrar una harina proteica como la soya, además de minerales. La presente investigación se constituye de una unidad experimental de 240 animales, dando como resultado 4 tratamientos con 6 repeticiones; adicionando el Cultivo Microbiano Casero ala dieta alimenticiaen porcentajes de 0.1% (CM1),0.2% (CM2), 0.3% (CM3), respectivamente y el Testigo con 0% de cultivo microbiano (TS). Aplicando un Diseño Completamente al Azar, para la interpretación de los resultados se realizaron análisismedias por Tukey al 5% y ADEVA. De acuerdo a los resultados se estableció que el nivel de Cultivo Microbiano Casero con el que se obtuvo superior beneficio económico, ganancia de peso, y una evidente disminución de la mortalidad fueel tratamiento CM2 (Cultivo microbianoal0,2%). Por lo tanto se recomienda utilizar en las granjas productoras de pollos de engorde el Cultivo Microbiano Caseroal 0,2% (CM2), pues registró los mejores indicadores productivos y lo más importante se obtuvo una carne en buen estado garantizando la salud de los consumidores.
Adición de un cultivo microbiano caseroen la dieta alimenticia de pollos parrilleros
(2015-02-28) Gamboa Granizo, Diana Gabriela; Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
En la Granja Experimental Avícola de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, situada en el sector de Querochaca, Cantón Cevallos, Provincia de Tungurahua, se plantea una sustitución alimenticia en pollos de engorde línea ROSS 308, en la que se empleará un Cultivo Microbiano Caseropara remplazar el uso de antibióticos como promotor de crecimiento y determinar el porcentaje de adición en la dieta alimenticia; basado en el desarrollo normal del ave y comparando los parámetros productivos de los lotes en estudio. El Cultivo Microbiano Caseroes un producto biológico compuesto deun consorcio de microorganismos capaces de producir cantidades apreciables de ácidos orgánicos como láctico, acético, enzimas, entre otros. Disminuye el pH, aumenta ladigestibilidad de la materia seca. Consta deuna fuente de energía en forma de carbohidratos de fácil fermentación como melaza, una fuente de nitrógeno como la urea y aminoácidos que le pueda suministrar una harina proteica como la soya, además de minerales. La presente investigación se constituye de una unidad experimental de 240 animales, dando como resultado 4 tratamientos con 6 repeticiones; adicionando el Cultivo Microbiano Casero ala dieta alimenticiaen porcentajes de 0.1% (CM1),0.2% (CM2), 0.3% (CM3), respectivamente y el Testigo con 0% de cultivo microbiano (TS). Aplicando un Diseño Completamente al Azar, para la interpretación de los resultados se realizaron análisismedias por Tukey al 5% y ADEVA. De acuerdo a los resultados se estableció que el nivel de Cultivo Microbiano Casero con el que se obtuvo superior beneficio económico, ganancia de peso, y una evidente disminución de la mortalidad fueel tratamiento CM2 (Cultivo microbianoal0,2%). Por lo tanto se recomienda utilizar en las granjas productoras de pollos de engorde el Cultivo Microbiano Caseroal 0,2% (CM2), pues registró los mejores indicadores productivos y lo más importante se obtuvo una carne en buen estado garantizando la salud de los consumidores
Análisis bioinformático de cuatro secuencias de genoma completo de Salmonella entérica de origen avícola
(2020-03-19) Villacis Grijalva, Joyce Elizabeth; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
The application of molecular epidemiological tools applied to microbiology provides valuable evidence to elucidate the origin of clinical outbreaks. Additionally, provides information that supports the opportune intervention and takes of control measures. Nowadays, the raising of new omics technologies, as new generation sequencing (NGS) of complete genomes and the development of bioinformatics tools are improving the knowledge and the understanding of the microbiology. The implementation of these technological tools in microbiological studies is allowing to study in real-time and low cost the evolution and dissemination of new pathogens that are circulating across our geographical area. Salmonella enterica represents one of the most important pathogens that deserves special attention, considering its implications in clinical and productive sectors. Considering these reasons, it is important the realization of epidemiological studies using bioinformatic tools that allow analyze the origin, dissemination, virulence mechanisms and resistance genotypes. In this study, four S. enterica serovar Infantis and Kentucky from layer poultry origin obtained in Tungurahua and Cotopaxi were analyzed through WGS and the bioinformatic tools of Center of Genomic Epidemiology (University of Denmark) and BaseSpace (Illumina Inc). All the strains were categorized as human pathogens. According to their sequence-type, it belongs to the ST32 (Infantis) and ST152 (Kentucky). The strains harbor a plethora of antibiotic resistance genes. It is worth noting the presence of the beta-lactamases blaCTX-M-148 and blaCTX-M-65, which show an emerging raising in clinical and animal origin isolates around the world. Finally, our sequences were compared with sequences of analogous bacteria from different origins and geographical locations through phylogenetic trees. Our sequences are related to clinical isolates from the United States, suggesting that their share a common ancestor.
Análisis de las alteraciones anatomopatológicas durante la inspección post mortem en bovinos faenados en el Camal Municipal de la ciudad de Ambato
(2023-03) Chonata Naranjo, Andrés Sebastián; Almeida Secaira, Roberto Ismael
This research was carried out at the Municipal Cold Storage Plant in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua. The research process lasted 2 months (March 28 to May 28, 2022), the field work was based on the examination of anatomopathological lesions in seized viscera belonging to slaughtered cattle. The following results were obtained: as a first point, the anatomopathological findings found with a percentage of 40% of the lesion with more seizures corresponded to the pathology Distomatosis, followed by hepatic abscess with 15%, and Cirrhosis with the remaining 10%. With respect to pulmonary lesions, there were two main ones: hemorrhagic lung with 13% and pulmonary emphysema with 8%, all of them causing seizures in slaughtered cattle. According to the anatomopathological findings recorded, the total number of animals with lesions was classified according to age and sex, placing adult males (bulls) as the sex with more pathologies causing veterinary condemnation, leading the cases of Distomatosis and Hepatic Abscess; with respect to Cirrhosis and Hemorrhagic Lung, adult females (cows) lead the way. Finally, the main territorial areas of origin of the animals with more cases of anatomopathological lesions were determined, which are the reason for confiscation presented in the post-mortem examination of cattle that were slaughtered in the Municipal slaughterhouse of the city of Ambato. The highest number of cases was found in the province of Tungurahua, Píllaro canton, where the cattle with the most lesions come from, accounting for 35% of the totalnumber of cases in the canton to which it belongs.
Análisis retrospectivo de factores predisponentes a cardiopatías en caninos domésticos atendidos en el hospital veterinario Pet Care
(2024-08) López Martínez, José Augusto; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco Antonio
The current diet and environmental conditions in which pets are raised and maintained can directly or indirectly affect their health. Although pets, especially dogs, have a longer life expectancy, there are conditions in which their health can be compromised. Organic diseases have become very important among the pathologies in dogs, and among these, cardiopathies have casuistically represented a worrying process. In this retrospective study conducted at the Pet Care Veterinary Hospital in the city of Ambato, we focused on analyzing the variables sex, age, breed and weight and how they act in the predisposition to the various heart diseases that canine patients attended between 2017 and 2022 could suffer. By reviewing the medical records, the patients were identified and categorized according to the variables weight, age, sex and breed. In the methodology, a discriminatory observational study of convenience was used, using only the histories that met the requirements established for the study, thus identifying the prevalence of heart disease, and a chi-square analysis was used to compare the variables with the incidence of the pathologies found. The results showed that out of a total of 1776 canine patients seen during the study period, 112 were diagnosed with heart disease, representing 6.31% of the total; of these 112 patients, 92.86% had acquired heart disease and the remaining 7.14% had congenital heart disease. According to each of the research variables, it was found that there was a higher prevalence of heart disease in male patients (61.61%), older than 7 years (77.68%) and weighing between 5.1 and 10 kg (35.71%) with respect to the rest of the patients. Chi-square analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between these variables and the occurrence of the disease.
Aplicación de chips de identificación por vía subcutánea e interfacial en psitácidos en cautiverio en el Eco Zoológico Tarqui
(2022-03) Valarezo Cabrera, Diana Carola; Ramos Grijalva, Cynthia Gabriela
The current threat of human beings has led hundreds of animals to expand or reduce their territory, causing the extinction of countless species; however, there are other causes such as habitat loss, illegal trade, the presence of predators, the presence of nonnative species, pollution and climate change that lead to the same end. That is why ex situ breeding (in captivity) is focused on saving endangered populations in order to keep a record and later release them into the environment. The objective of the research was to apply subcutaneous and interfascial identification chips to psittacine parrots belonging to the Eco Zoological Tarqui. It was decided to carry out a quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis with respect to the possible post-application complications found, such as the presence and/or absence of the chip, its migration, the presence of hematomas or the presence of abscesses. The results obtained were as follows: 24 hours after the application there was no absence of the chip in the 20 macaws (Ara ararauna - Ara macao) and 30 parrots (Amazona amazonica - Amazona ochrocephala); neither were there cases of migration in the 20 macaws (Ara ararauna - Ara macao) and 30 parrots (Amazona amazonica - Amazona ochrocephala); Similarly, there was no evidence of hematomas in the 20 macaws (Ara ararauna - Ara macao) and 29 parrots (Amazona amazonica - Amazona ochrocephala); the two parrots that presented complications (presence of hematoma and abscess) after the subcutaneous application of the microchip belong to the species Amazona ochrocephala.
Aplicación de diferentes estrategias de suplementación alimenticia sobre el desempeño productivo en vacas lecheras holstein bajo pastoreo rotativo
(2016) Dávalos Merino, Guillermo Eduardo; Aragadvay Yungán, Gonzalo
The objective of this research was to evaluate the yield of Holstein Friesian dairy cows under rotational grazing, using three types of supplementation. This research was conducted at the Hacienda "El Encanto" Cebadas parish located in the province of Chimborazo. The variables studied were: milk production, fat content and protein; body condition, body weight and total costs for supplementation. The treatments used were: S1 (4 kg of commercial concentrate / cow / day), S2 (1.5kg of commercial concentrate + 10kg silage Calcha maize (Zea mays) / cow / day) and S3 (1.5kg commercial concentrate + 4 kg of corn silage Calcha + 2kg stover silage quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) / cow day). design randomized complete block (BCA) was used and was performed ADEVA all variables, the mean difference was performed by Tukey 5%. Milk production (PDNL), fat percentage (% G), protein percentage (% P), body weight (BW) and body condition (CC) it showed no statistically significant difference (P> 0.05) between treatments was observed a numerical difference in PDNL / Total 509.17 kg / milk, 553.17 kg / milk and 630.50 kg / milk for treatments S1, S2 and S3 respectively. As for treatment costs $ 178.08, $ 100.38 and $ 98.70 for treatments S1, S2 and S3 was obtained respectively, showing a substantial reduction in costs versus S2 and S3 S1 without affecting productive performance. It is concluded that can reduce dependence on commercial concentrate as a single supplement for Holstein cows in lactation without affecting the productive indicators, using combined silage stubble quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) (20%) and Calcha corn (Zea mays ) (80%) Keywords: Supplementation, yield, silage, stover quinoa, corn calcha.
Aplicación de métodos alternativos para el control de Giardia spp. En caninos (Canis familiaris)
(2016) Mosquera Rodríguez, Andrés Sebastian; Almeida Secaira, Roberto
Calidad microbiológica de canales de pollo (Gallus gallus) en centros de faenamiento que suministran al cantón Ambato
(2023-03) Manzanillas Miranda, Carolina Beatriz; Cruz Quintana, Sandra Margarita
Foodborne diseases (ETA) are a public health problem, in which bacteria have a higher incidence in diarrheal infections. Consequently, food safety is a significant problem worldwide, because, in the areas where chicken carcasses are obtained, there may be different points of cross contamination, being Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Clostridium botulinum, Campylobater spp and Listeria monocytogenes the most frequent pathogens. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of chicken carcasses (Gallus gallus) in slaughterhouses that supply the Ambato canton. The methodology that was used consisted of taking 45 samples of chicken meat, taking 5 samples per slaughterhouse; with which we worked in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Technical University of Ambato, counting mesophilic aerobics, sowing on selective agar such as Modified Chromogenic Listeria agar, MacConkey agar, agar, Buffered Peptone agar, Nutrient agar, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar, Triple Sugar Iron agar, Gram stain, oxidase and catalase test. The result that was obtained in the 45 samples collected in the nine different slaughterhouses were, 11 samples with values of 1.05 x 106 CFU/g, 4 with values of 9.18 x 106 CFU/g and 30 samples with values greater than 1.0 x 107 CFU/g, with an average count of 4.03 x 107 CFU/g. In the same way, of the 45 samples were identified, 2 samples of Listeria spp, 16 samples of Salmonella spp and 42 samples of Escherichia coli. On the other hand, the risk factors with the highest incidence in the contamination of chicken meat were the microbiological quality of drinking water, operator health safety, staff training, the scalding phase, evisceration, pre-cooling, cooling of the chicken meat and its safety.
Caracterización de enterobacterias en Cavia porcellus en Huachi Grande
(2018) Benavides Paredes, Roberto Estalin; Díaz Sjostrom, Pedro
The research work entitled "Characterization of enterobacteria in Cavia porcellus in Huchi Grande", aimed to characterize and typify enterobacteria in Cavia porcellus. We analyzed 119 samples from the association (COMPRACUY) belonging to the canton Ambato province of Tungurahua; taken randomly without considering sex or ages, the isolation of the strains was carried out by sowing in MacConkey agar from a pool of liver and lung. Because of the experiment, 46 positive samples were obtained from Enterobacteriaceae, which were characterized by Gram stain, finally they were typed by means of the GN A microgen system, obtaining the following results: E. Coli 41% Salmonella typhimurium 20%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 15%, Salmonella spp 11%, Klebsiella ozaenae 9%, Klebsiella oxytoca 4%. It is concluded that only 38.6% of the samples taken had bacterial isolates in the necropsy organ pool
Caracterización de imágenes ecográficas, mediante el uso de exploración abdominal rápida (AFAST) en atélidos en cautiverio
(2021-01) Córdova Rivadeneira, Ted Sebastián; Villamarín Barragan, Darwin
Ultrasound images were characterized in 15 Atélids of the genera Lagothrix lagotricha and Ateles belzebuth using (AFAST) in captivity from Rescue centers and Zoos in the province of Pastaza: Tarqui Zoo, Yanacocha and Merazonia Ecological Reserve, the primates were sedated with tiletamine / zolacepam (8 mg / kg) intramuscularly, an a6v® ultrasound machine with a microconvex transducer was used with frequencies between 4 and 12 Mhz, echographic quadrants corresponding to the species were determined for the AFAST examination: diaphragmatic-hepatic incidence (DH) located in the midline of the retroxiphoid region, splenic-renal incidence (SR) located in the left hypochondrium, cystocolic incidence (CC) located in the prepubic region located in the hypogastrium just in the caudal midline and the hepatic-renal incidence (HR) located in the right hypochondrium; The comparative analysis of images between the two genera showed ultrasound patterns of abdominal organs (liver, spleen, kidneys and bladder) and similar characteristics of shape, topography and ecotexture between the two species; In addition, the topographic anatomy and the normal anatomy of the main abdominal organs were determined: Liver, located in the xiphoid region of regular contour with uniform compact tissue; spleen, located between the umbilical region and the left flank in the mesogastrium with a thin hyperechoic capsule with a normal fusiform shape; Kidneys, located in the right and left hypochondrium correspondingly in the epigastrium, have defined margins with a continuous hyperechogenic capsule of a normal elongated oval shape and a urinary bladder located in the prepubic region, with an echogenic thin wall of smooth contour with a normal ovoid shape; When performing the comparative analysis between the two genders under study, there was similarity in echogenicity and topographic anatomy; In addition, the AFAST protocol allowed a digitalization for anatomical orientation of the structures observed in the images obtained, becoming an important reference guide for doctors and students of Veterinary Medicine.
Caracterización de las alteraciones macroscópicas del aparato genital de hembras bovinas faenadas en el camal frigorífico Municipal Ambato
(2014-02-05) Sánchez Parra, Lizeth Mariela; Cruz Zambrano, Armando
La investigación se realizó en el Camal Frigorífico Municipal Ambato, ubicado en el parque industrial, Parroquia Izamba del Cantón Ambato, perteneciente a la Provincia de Tungurahua, con un clima cálido- húmedo su temperatura media oscila entre 0 - 12.6°C, se encuentra ubicada a 78°38’ W; de longitud con relación al Meridiano de Greenwich y a 01°17‘S de latitud sur con relación a la Línea Equinoccial, a 2 500 msnm, aproximadamente. El proyecto de investigación se desarrolló como propósito de la tesis titulada: “Caracterización de las alteraciones macroscópicas del aparato genital de hembras bovinas faenadas en el Camal Municipal de Ambato”. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple, con el fin de determinar las alteraciones o cambios macroscópicos más comunes en sus diferentes estructuras, así mismo se determinaron los casos de úteros gestantes. Se examinaron 170 vacas de las que 31 vacas presentaron diversas alteraciones. Durante las investigaciones se pesaron y midieron los ovarios, como evidencia se tomaron fotografías con una cámara Samsung.13MP. Las observaciones realizadas en las diferentes partes del aparato genital revelaron, alteraciones en vulva (1,16 %) alteraciones en útero (4.06%) alteraciones en oviductos (2,32%) y en ovarios (10,45%). El órgano con el mayor número de alteraciones fue el ovario: 8,12 % ovarios con aparente subdesarrollo ovárico, sin cuerpo lúteo ni folículos en desarrollo, el 1,16% presentó quistes foliculares y un 1,16% con cuerpo lúteo quístico. Se encontraron 89 úteros grávidos equivalentes al 52 %.
Caracterización de salmonella (salmonella spp) en huevos frescos de gallinas mediante la utilización del sistema microgen gn a en la parroquia Cotaló
(2016) Acosta Vargas, Rodrigo Fabían; Montero Recalde, Mayra Andrea
In this research entitled " CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA (Salmonella spp) IN FRESH EGGS POULTRY By using Microgen GN A IN THE Cotaló PARISH " , aimed to establish serovars of Salmonella using System Microgen GN A eggs fresh chicken and thus provide very relevant data on the level of pollution caused by eggs. A total of 229 eggs total farms belonging to the Cotaló Parish of the province of Tungurahua were analyzed , samples were collected randomly and by a percentage ratio between sample units ( daily production of each farm ) vs the universe the sample ( daily production of Cotaló ) , after microbiological processes using qualitative tests of biochemical confirmation for Salmonella ( lysine, ornithine , H2S , glucose, mannitol , xylose , ONPG , indole, urease , Voges Proskauer , citrate , tryptophan deaminase . ) , the presence of six positive samples detected Salmonella spp . , Which represents 7.9% of the sampling rate and using the system Microgen GN A were identified two serotypes of Salmonella were the same as Salmonella pullorum with a presence of 6.58 % and Salmonella species with the presence of 1,32 % Keywords: Pollution, Eggs, Microbiology, Salmonella, Serovars.
Caracterización del sistema de producción de aves de traspatio del cantón Cevallos
(2018) Toapanta Guanoluisa, Manuel Mesias; Diana, Avilés
Backyard or family poultry farming, characterized by low supplementation and sanitary management facilities, is dispersed throughout the rural areas of the country. The objective of this study was to identify the main social, economic, zootechnical and environmental aspects that condition backyard poultry systems in the province of Tungurahua, Canton Cevallos, Ecuador. To characterize the production system, 164 surveys were applied to the producers of the backyard production units (UPT). The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive statistics showing that 62% of the UPT are administered by housewives, 37% parents and 1% adolescents; the average age of the producers was 52 years; 98% of producers know how to read and write, of which 74% have completed primary school, 18% secondary and 6% third level; 97% of families raise chickens; have an average of 23 birds / UPT (Gallus gallus domesticus) of which are 11 hens (48%), 9 chicks (39%) and 3 roosters (13%), 97% feed whole or broken corn, 21% balanced, 14% food waste, 7% alfalfa and 2% cabbage and carrot; 50% of the UPT use feeders of which 40% are commercial feeders of aluminum and 10% of wood; 65% of the UPTs used drinking troughs of which 42% are commercial troughs, 19% cooking containers and 4% tires; 55% of UPTs get their chickens from the same farm; 34% market in local (21%) and neighboring (20%) markets; 65% of the eggs produced in the UPT are fertile; of which 68% hatch. According to the results obtained, it is concluded that backyard production systems are for family sustenance, lack infrastructure and facilities and technical management. The UPT are administered by an adult population cared for by the mothers of families obtaining low economic resources and of greater importance protein of animal origin for the home, the flock of the UPT in most are Creole, being fed with corn in its majority. The hens are characterized for being resistant to diseases despite having a poor sanitary management such as cleaning, deworming, vaccines, feeding counteracting with traditional medicine in the UPT.
Caracterización del sistema de producción de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) del cantón Cevallos
(2020-01-06) Lema Yánez, Jorge Eduardo; Avilés, Diana
The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the guinea pig production systems of the families of the Cevallos Canton in the Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. For this, 116 surveys were applied to the producers of the Union of Social Organizations of Canton Cevallos. The data obtained on the production systems, analyzed with descriptive statistics with the SPSS® program, our results showed that 50% of affected producers aged between 41 and 50 years. That is, these guinea pig production systems are managed by an adult population, being 56% managed by housewives. 44% by parents, where 66% attended primary school, 31% secondary school and 3% third level studies. 40% have received training courses on raising guinea pigs: 82% breed in ponds and 18% in cages. 100% fed alfalfa, 25% of them are supported with corn leaf and 18% balanced commercial. This guinea pig production system generates an economic movement for each family, where 73% sells the production of guinea pigs for biweekly consumption and 27% monthly. Also 21% sells for biweekly breeding ground and 79% monthly. Only 3% clean the facilities weekly, 75% biweekly and 22% monthly. The pathologies found stand out in 39% of salmonella, 26% of lymphadenitis. Of the ectoparasites, we located 26% lice and 25% mites. 100% fertilizer is used to fertilize the soils and crops of the area. It is concluded that the poultry farmers in the socio-economic aspect, more than half are female population, because they are in homes throughout the day, who rely on the generation of extra economic income. It has been detected that the members of this organization receive little training on guinea pig production, which pushes to maintain production empirically, which creates a problem in wanting to improve production in quality and quantity to meet demand and position in the best way in the local market.
Caracterización del sistema de producción de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Mocha
(2020-09) Chávez Tapia, Ricardo Ismael; Aviles Esquivel, Diana
The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the production systems present in the Mocha canton, Tungurahua province. For the study, surveys were applied to 124 producers belonging to the sectors of El Porvenir, Acapulco, El Rosal and Yanahurco. Data processing was performed using the Excel® program and was analyzed in the SPSS® program. The data showed that 50.8% of the cavicultores correspond to the family-commercial system, the female gender being predominant with 76.6% as manager of the shed, with ages that vary within the range of 30 to 40 years, being 32.3%. The majority of cavicultores, 98.4%, have completed primary school, but only 27.4% completed secondary education. The genetic lines that are handled with the majority, 85.5%, correspond to commercial lines, where we can highlight the Inti, Peru, Andina and Macabeo lines. The producers, in their entirety, feed their animals with alfalfa, which represents 100%, which is planted by themselves and some add corn leaf by 61.3%. In the marketing aspect, 66.13% indicates that they make sales every two weeks at a weight of 1200 to 1400 grams, with a value of 6 to 7 dollars, while, in the commercialization of the foot of breeding, the cavicultores manifest, in a 94 %, that they do not have a specific sale time, but sell them when requested and carry out this activity in their own homes. The facilities vary between pools, cages and mixed, with 54.8%, 31.5% and 13.7%, respectively, the latter being made with different materials such as brick, block and wood; and the facilities are disinfected every 30 days. Due to the lack of knowledge of new techniques applicable in the management of guinea pig production, it was observed that their animals suffer from health problems caused by ectoparasites such as scabies and lice, in addition to pathologies such as salmonellosis and lymphadenitis, factors that result in a decrease in production and decrease in income.
Caracterización ecográfica de las condiciones fisiopatológicas ováricas en vacas en período de lactancia temprana en el barrio San Juan del cantón Píllaro
(2022-09) Robayo Arias, Diego Javier; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco Antonio
In the present research work, the study of the cystic alterations that can be found through the application of gynecological techniques with ultrasonography in cows that present a history of infertility was carried out. The main objective was to characterize the conditions and alterations of the right and left ovaries of the cows that are managed in the San Juan sector of the Píllaro canton. When carrying out the work in the selected animals with problems in reproductive cyclicity, appropriate gynecological techniques were applied using ultrasonography to locate the internal structures of the reproductive apparatus of the cow, which allows determining and characterizing the different shapes and sizes of tissues, thus finding differences in echogenicity in the different histological sections of the structures present in the ovaries. The results determine that ovarian alterations due to luteal cysts partially affect the period of early lactation in postpartum conditions, the same ones that, when guided by ultrasound, show different shades of gray reflected on the ultrasound monitor, finding anechogenic or anechoic tissues that correspond to structures They are filled with liquid and are seen as black on the ultrasound screen and are characterized by being crossed by the waves, thus determining the cystic structures since they are filled with follicular liquid. In the same way, the analysis of results shows that the predominant type of cysts are follicular types, since cysts of this type correspond to 53.13% of the total sample under analysis, followed by luteal cysts with 31.25. % predominant and, finally, with the least predominance with ovarian atresia with just 15.63%. When analyzing the relationship between open days postpartum and ovarian alteration using the chi square method statistical, a bilateral significance value was obtained between the two variables of less than 5%, which indicates that the open days postpartum of the cows significantly influences in the presence of ovarian alterations, so in this calculation greater significance was found at 60 days postpartum
Caracterización físico química, antibacteriana y antioxidante de propóleo de melipona ebúrnea de la región Amazónica
(2017) Ríos Villarroel, Rommel David; Díaz Sjostrom, Pedro
In the present investigation the antioxidant and antibacterial capacity of five samples of propolis of Melipona ebúrnea of the Amazonian region of Ecuador was evaluated. Obtaining these chimical results (phenols and flavonoids) samples M5 8.39 and 0.07, M4 4.21 and 0.03, M3 2.75 and 0.03, M2 4.14 and 0.20 and finally M1 3.47 y 0.07expressed in mg of quercetin and mg gallic acid respectively. The test chemical oxidation of ferric ions to ferrous yielded the following values M5 0.230, M4 0.104, M3 0.128, M2 0.075 and M1 0.361 expressed in mg per gram ferro ammonium sulfate crude propolis. The minimum inhibitory concentration by the microdilution method ethanolic extracts of propolis Melipona ebúrnea has good results bactericides, obtained in Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25925 inhibition to the 10%, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 33495 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 to the 5% and Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 13813 to the 7.5%. In the method of plate-disk for bacterial susceptibility strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 25925 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 33495 have a total resistance, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 partial sensitivity observed, while in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2592 to greater concentration better effects of sensitivity and finally Streptococcus agalactiae ATCC 13813 a partial resistance was observed in the evaluated concentrations. Showing a positive effect of propolis in enteropathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis and total sensitivity Staphylococcus aureus.
Caracterización morfológica de los testículos en bovinos de la raza Brows Swiss de 9 – 24 meses de edad en las parroquias Tena, Puerto Napo y Misahualli, Cantón Tena de la provincia de Napo
(2015) Delgado Lozada, Johana Elizabeth; Núñez, Patricio
In the province of Napo, Tena canton, breeding males of the Brown Swiss breed analyzed ages 9 - 24 months in parishes Puerto Napo at a latitude of -0.99629 and longitude of -77.8136, Misahualli at latitude of -0.9885 and longitude -77.804 and Tena, at latitude and longitude -77.8218 -0.9866. Andrological Characteristics was determined, I obtained a result of 50 animals between the aforementioned ages, they were subjected to data collection and assessment of body condition score, scrotal circumference, testicular size and testicular tone parameters that are essential for determining the efficiency of a player. As evidence of correlation of the variables age and testicular size, specimens follow a normal course of growth of the testes in accordance with age and in this way according to international acceptable ranges. Evaluating the performance of scrotal circumference on testicular tone is determined that there is no relationship, which shows that individual variables are based on sire selection. Linking variables testicular tone, testicular size, scrotal circumference and body condition with age, statistical tests have demonstrated significant relationship between age and scrotal circumference following a normal distribution showing that these variables are essential and very important in the selection of breeding males in the area.
Clasificación de hallazgos endometriales en vacas con problemas reproductivos
(2017) Eugenio Toalombo, Gabriela Lissette; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco
In the canton of Cevallos, located at 2908 meters above sea level in the Province of Tungurahua, 30 cows were examined, of which in their anamnesis they showed repetitions of estrus and abortions. To classify the endometrial findings, three diagnostic techniques were used: 1) vaginoscopy, which is used to show alterations in the uterine mucosa; 2) Cervico-uterine cytology, collected by Cytobrush to determine the presence of inflammatory cells especially polymorphic nuclear (PMN) and 3) endometrial histopathology, collected by Thoms-Gaylor clamp to establish the degree of endometrial injury. The results obtained at the macroscopic level determined that 14 cows presented a pale pink color at uterine level, 9 reddish colored cows and 7 cows with muco-purulent secretion. In addition, the degree of endometrial inflammation was classified by the presence of PMN, showing that 16 cows showed mild inflammation due to the presence of 1-5 PMN / field, 8 presented 6-10PMN / field and 6 cows revealed ˃10 PMN / field which indicates a severe inflammation. Injury damage was also cataloged resulting in 2 animals in category I, because it does not show any alteration; in category IIA 15 cows were obtained since they showed inflammation of the endometrium with cellular infiltrates in the luminal epithelium and compact stratum; in category IIB 11 cows were located since they revealed inflammation of the spongy and luminal layer of the endomery and in category III 2 cows were located because they showed a severe inflammation of both the luminal epithelium and the compact and spongy stratum, in addition to lymphatic gaps. Concluding that the techniques used are useful to diagnose endometritis in cows.