Gestión Empresarial basada en Métodos Cuantitativos

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Start date: 2017Subject: search.filters.subject.PRODUCCIÓN

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    La Cadena de Suministros desde una perspectiva de la Teoría de Restricciones en el Sector de Lácteos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Maestría en Gestión Empresarial basado en Métodos Cuantitativos, 2019) Guevara Conlago, Johana Beatriz; Chávez Yépez, Howard Fabián
    El problema nace, cuando el Gerente General de la Empresa Lácteos De Marco’s, expresa que, existe insatisfacción en la actualidad con relación a la demanda, por cuanto hay una estimación entre un 15 a 25 por ciento de los clientes que han expresado su descontento, a razón de ejemplo expuso, que los pedidos que le han llegado son de hasta 10000 quesos semanales, de los cuales solo se han podido cubrir con 7100 unidades, la preocupación se da, cuando indica que para esta producción ha hecho trabajar la maquinaria y el personal a toda su capacidad de producción, inclusive ha desembolsado rubros de horas extras. La Empresa Lácteos De Marco’s se enfoca en el inexistente control de los tiempos de producción, pues la empresa la manejarse en un ámbito poco actualizado casi llegando al punto del empirismo no se ha dado la tarea de establecer un control de tiempos dentro de la dinámica operacional de la producción, por tanto no se puede delimitar tiempos muertos en el ámbito laboral, lo cual genera un deficiente balanceo de línea, esto implica que exista una desigualdad en los tiempos que intervengan en las labores de producción, pero esta realidad también puede delimitar un problema pues los trabajadores sienten que su labor es pormenorizada por tornarse muy monótono. Existe también un desconocimiento de los fundamentos técnicos de la labor operaria de la producción, en este sentido se hace imposible que se desarrolle una verdadera planificación, pues cada operario trabaja acorde su perspectiva de trabajo, sin guiarse por una meta u objetivo en común con quienes comparte su tiempo laboral, lo cual hace que, se desarrolla una ineficaz cadena de suministros, pues no se delimita los procesos, de producción, sus tiempos y cuáles deben ser los tiempos óptimos para poder solventar la necesidad y exigencias de los consumidores.
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    La Gestión de inventarios y los niveles de rentabilidad del sector florícola
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Maestría en Gestión Empresarial basado en Métodos Cuantitativos., 2018) Tamayo García, Caterine Elizabeth; Guerrero Garcés, Luis Leonardo
    The correct management of the inventory in the business activity not only provides the maximization of the technical results translated into liquidity, profitability, timely and relevant information, control and image, but also that increases the taxes that this reverts according to the quality of life of society and the individual High competitiveness in the business world and tight profit margins in many economic sectors mean that good management of available resources is essential to increase the profits of companies. Thus, Inventory Control has become a critical factor for the success of organizations. Companies in our country compete in the markets, testing their skills, to survive and generate value, which is their main objective This research was carried out to the senior managers of the flower sector, who provided us with internal and external information, which will allow us to carry out an analysis. It establishes the need to determine which are the variables or causes that affect the profitability of the floriculture which concludes that the management models used in the floriculture are not according to supply and demand, the order cycles are very broad and that there is a significant delay from the moment in which the requirements are made until delivery to the end user, the inventory management models that are being used in the floriculture have percentages of incidence in the profitability of means, the inventories are closely related and there is no adequate planning of the inventories. Being profitability an important factor to achieve business success, analyzing carefully the factors that directly or indirectly influence its growth in all areas. This supposes the comparison between the income generated and the means used to have it in order to allow the choice between alternatives or to judge the efficiency of the actions carried out, according to their respective analysis.
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    Mejoramiento de la estructura de costos mediante la gestión de inventarios en el sector textil
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Maestría en Gestión Empresarial basado en Métodos Cuantitativos, 2018) Pinto Bucheli, Daniela Cristina; Ortiz Morales, Alicia Giovanna
    The clothing company VAZ Sport is dedicated to the manufacture and marketing of sportswear. Its products are sold in the city of Ambato in which it has a good reception. However, due to the current demand of the market, it was necessary to improve its costs so that its products are more competitive and accessible in the market, satisfying the needs of its customers. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model that is adapted to the needs of economic improvement of the clothing company VAZ SPORT, in order to properly plan production to improve the costs of the company, through the use of a quantitative tool that helps to inform decision making and improve administrative management. The research shows that the company has some shortcomings such as the lack of knowledge about the real demand of the company, for which an analysis of the current situation of the company was made, indicating that a model that helps to improve the planning of the company is necessary production in order to minimize their costs and achieve positioning the product in the market. xx Finally, the proposal to design an inventory management model that helps to improve the cost structure in the VAZ apparel company is established through the use of the Excel Office statistical tool Solver in order to identify the company's necessary resources for the manufacture of their products for weeks and the optimal amount to produce in order to minimize costs. Based on this model and comparing it with the historical data it was evident that there is a 28.28 percent improvement in the minimization of costs.
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    La calidad del proceso productivo y la aplicación del control estadístico en el sector de la confección textil
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Maestría en Gestión Empresarial basado en Métodos Cuantitativos, 2017) Ormaza Morejón, Maricela Fernanda; Carrillo Hernández, Jorge Iván
    In the present research work is detailed in a comprehensive manner the application of Statistical Quality Control (SQC) in the process of making T-shirts and their impact on customer satisfaction (quality). Throughout the study, the statistical comparison of the effect of the SQC on the main variables of purchase impact on the client is made, such as the final lengths of the garment of the main components of the garments: sleeves, length and width, between: 1. The state or initial situation of the quality of shirts (process without the implementation of statistical quality control) and 2. The improved condition of the quality of shirts (process, after the implementation of statistical quality control). For this purpose, the calculation of the process capacity indexes is taken as a function of the permitted variability and the objective value defined in the design specifications (voice of the client), among them: the Potential Capacity of the process (Cp), the Potential inverse potential (Cr), Potential capacity with respect to process centering (Cpk), Process centering (K), Taguchi index (Cpm) and comparing them in the two instances mentioned above (process without statistical control of the quality and process implemented the statistical control of the quality). The elaboration and comparison of the graphic quality tools is included in this stage: statistical control chart and the process capacity normality histogram. The results are evident, since a considerable improvement of the quality of the process was obtained, as the percentage and the number of defective units were reduced, basically based on the reduction of the variability and the centering of each process, and the influence is statistically demonstrated of statistical quality control to improve customer satisfaction. As a final part, a Statistical Quality Manual for continuous variables is designed, applied to the company's T-shirt production process, based on the DMAIC continuous improvement methodology, which incorporates tools such as: statistical control chart Xbarra, chart R, the histogram of process capacity, automatic sheets for calculating capacity indexes, among others, with the aim of maintaining the improvement achieved and ensuring compliance with the quality of quantitative variables.
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    Modelo matemático para la planificación de la producción del sector cuero en la parroquia de Quisapincha
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas. Maestría en Gestión Empresarial basado en Métodos Cuantitativos, 2017) Ortiz Zurita, Johanna Gabriela; Teneda Llerena, William Fabián
    The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model that suits the needs of economic improvement of the leather sector in the parish of Quisapincha Ambato Ecuador, in order to adequately plan production through the use of a quantitative tool that helps support decision-making and improve administrative management. The investigation was initiated due to an inadequate production planning since its manufacturers based their decisions on their own criteria; that is, they did it empirically. For this purpose, the objectives were set in order to solve the current problems of the leather sector of the parish of Quisapincha Ambato Ecuador. We compiled information regarding study variables using scientific articles and books of variables production planning and mathematical models; with their respective fundamental categories. In addition, in order to gather information regarding the sector, surveys were carried out with current and potential customers, and preferences and preferences were identified; on the other hand the manufacturers indicated the current way that the production planning takes place and eight generic variables of the sector that they have in common were detected; for which studying them served to structure the mathematical model of the sector using the simplex method and to be able to maximize the profits in a period of time of one week and based on historical information was able to determine a utility of $ 196,98. It was possible to verify the hypothesis that was posed in the following way: An adequate mathematical model will not improve the production planning in the Leather sector of the parish of Quisapincha; with the use of the Wilcoxon test, a bilateral significance level of 0 was determined and the hypothesis was verified. A correlation and multiple regression analysis was developed; with the use of data provided by the Internal Revenue Service, studying the variables: Sale price, purchases and inflation with the collection of 280 data from the year 2010 to 2017 had a R-square of 95.11 percent that helped to identify a scenario when you have values of different variables and predict that if you have a 5 percent inflation, purchases amount to $ 3,000, with an average value per item of $70.00; sales amounted to $ 3,368.23. By means of the Anova analysis the variables with the highest correlation could be identified: Control, planning, forecast and production process; obtaining a Cronbach's alpha of 0.770; which helped to conclude that the reliability of the instrument used is good, with a tendency to excel. It is concluded that in the sector the highest percentage of manufacturers have a higher level of secondary education, having for more than 25 years in that economic activity, the production interval is weekly and the production forecast is done empirically. Finally, the proposal is made to equip the sector with a mathematical model using the Excel Solver statistical tool to identify the necessary resources for weeks and the optimal amount to produce in order to maximize profits. Based on this model and comparing it with the historical data it was evidenced that there is an 18.9 percent improvement in the maximization of resources.