Tesis Ingeniería Agronómica
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Item Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 15 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.44. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 20 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.30. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de sustratos para la producción de plántulas de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum B.)(2023-09) Marcalla Yanchaguano, Erika Alexandra; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe deterioration of the capacity of the land has led to the replacement of direct sowing by the use of seedbeds, with the use of substrates so that in this way they provide us with the production of quality plants. The substrate is one of the main means used for the seed to germinate properly. The objective of this research was to evaluate different substrates for the production of tree tomato seedlings (Solanum betaceum B). The research was carried out in the Research building, acclimatization area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, a completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was carried out, with three treatments and 4 repetitions (each). The substrates used were T1 (Compost50 % plus Gravel 50 %), T2 (Peat) and T3 (Coal - Husk 50 % plus Black Earth 50 %). For the data analysis, the Tukey test was carried out at 5%, at the end of the first phenological phase, which is 30 days after it began to germinate and 45 days after sowing. The germination percentage, plant height, root volume, number of true leaves, root length and stem diameter were evaluated; Carrying out the statistical analysis, it was prolonged that in the six variables prevailed in T2 (Peat), we obtained an average percentage of germination (80.8%) plant height of (8.57cm), root volume of (0. 57cc), number of true leaves (4), root length (4.38cm) and stem diameter (0.5cm), similar results were obtained with T3 (Carbon - Cascarilla plus Tierra Negra). While the compost plus gravel substrate (T1) was the one with the lowest germination percentage (2.83%), so it would not be advisable to use it for tree tomato seed germination.Item Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos a base de subproductos agrícolas en la germinación de semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) variedad General(2022-09) Rumipamba Curicama, María Fernanda; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalAn agronomic evaluation of the feasibility of the production of vegetable seedbeds such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa) General variety was carried out, implanted in different substrates obtained from compost as a technological process for its production, the work was developed under greenhouse conditions. he composting phase was carried out on wooden crates, obtaining a total volume of 0.012 m3 per treatment, of which a volume of 0.009 m3 was used. The experimental design used contemplated a completely randomized block design and the ADEVA analysis of variance was applied, evaluating the characteristics of the substrates obtained with each biowaste and their effect on the dependent variables. Variables of germination vigor, plant development and quality of the substrates used were evaluated from bioresidues from the agricultural production of potatoes, corn and tree tomatoes in the province of Tungurahua. The substrates that allowed the best development of the plants in the lettuce crops were the mixture of potato residues plus a commercial substrate based on coconut fiber, with a vigorous plant development. The fact that the obtained substrates showed a C/N ratio close to or equal to the 20-25 range is highlighted, which predicts the fact that the influence exerted by the initial C/N ratio on the composting process and the action of the microorganisms obtained in the substrate. The seeds prepared with the best treatment germinated more quickly, presenting a larger seedling size, in addition to their growth being more vigorous, and their roots deployed more vigorously.Item Evaluación de tres sustratos para el desarrollo del cultivo de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), variedad Biloxi en la parroquia Montalvo(2022-03) Villegas Lozada, Lissette Aracelly; Leiva Mora, MichelThe market for blueberry fruits (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has experienced an increase in demand in the last 10 years, placing it worldwide as the fourth fruit of economic importance, because they are considered natural products with many human health benefits. Given that there is no information on blueberry production in the country, in the present study the effect of the type of substrate on the vegetative growth of blueberry cultivar Biloxi was evaluated in Municipality of Montalvo, Tungurahua province. Three types of substrates were used: rice husk (T1), Pindstrup (T2) coconut fiber plus perlite (T3) and the variables were measured weekly: number of shoots, number of leaves, diameter of shoot (mm), height of the plant (cm), canopy, vigor, number of internodes, length of internodes and diameter of the stem. According to the results, the effect of the type of substrate was detected on the morpho-physiological variables of blueberry plants, being the highest values observed when rice husk (T1) coconut fiber + perlite (T2) was used as substrates during all the evaluations. Additionally, according to the Benefit-Cost ratio, it was determined that greatest benefits could be obtained with treatments 1 (rice husk) and 3 (coconut fiber + perlite), suggesting that a benefit of 2.24 and 2.27 dollars would be expected that for every dollar invested, respectively, while with the use of treatment 2 (Pindstrup), the benefit would be slightly lowerItem Evaluación de diferentes sustratos comerciales sobre la viabilidad de semillas de cebolla (Allium cepa L.)(2021-04) Montúfar Villacís, Klever Arturo; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisOnion (Allium cepa L.) is among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and popular for its extensive health benefits, however, some factors such as lack of investments to improve cultivation and irrigation methods have caused discouragement in production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop’s production and productivity. In this study, the effect of different commercial substrates (Terracult, Pindstrup Plus and Floragard) on the viability of Burguesa variety onion seeds was evaluated and then compared with a conventional substrate used as control treatment. In each substrate, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 5 days, in addition root length, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulb were evaluated at 15 and 30 days after emergence. According to the results, both the germination percentage and the germination speed were affected by the type of substrate, being superior to the control treatment in all types of substrates. Additionally, root length and bulb diameter (pseudostem) and fresh and dry weight of seedling were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from commercial substrates. All substrates shown to have a positive effect on the production of onion seedlings, however, field studies are required to validate the results obtained in the present investigation.Item Persistencia de bacterias entéricas resistentes y genes de resistencia a antibióticos en sustratos suplementados con gallinaza comercial y de compostaje tradicional(2021-01) Bohórquez Pucha, Jandry David; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoThe application of animal manure (fresh or composted) represents a common practice. This practice favors the increasing of organic matter into soils at reduced costs. The efficient use of the animal residues supporting the recycling of organic matter and nutrients. Compost practices transforms efficiently and safely animal manure into materials suitable for use into agricultural soils. However, the application of traditional practices to compost fertilizers, consisting of simple drying of the animal manure and later applying it directly to the soil is common. The high levels of enteric bacteria present in these matrices may represent a pathway for the spread of pathogenic organisms, which can potentially integrate within the food chain. For this reason, the persistence of enteric bacteria (heterotrophic bacteria, E. coli, coliforms) resistant to antibiotics and the persistence of antibiotic resistance genes were evaluated in soils supplemented with two types of fertilizer (compost of animal origin traditionally composted and compost of animal origin processed by the industry) during 111 days; determining that the application of these fertilizers notably increases the densities of resistant enteric bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils. These pollutants have a high persistence over time, which suggests that the application of fertilizers of animal origin, especially when they do not receive appropriate treatment, may represent a pathway for the spread of antibiotic resistance determinants throughout the chain. fooItem Evaluación de sustratos para la obtención de plantas de tomate de árbol (Solanum Betaceum) con la utilización de bandejas(2013) Padilla Tapia, Vicente Israel; Velástegui, GiovannyThe present investigation was carried out on the property of Mr. Jaime Barraquel, located in the sector of Guadalupe, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua Province, a place located at an altitude of 2,400 m.a.s.l with a temperature that ranges from 13 to 14 °C. The experimental design used was that of randomized complete blocks with three repetitions. The use of professional substrate (80% blonde peat + 20% black peat), induced the growth in length of the tomato tree seedlings since with this the best averages were obtained in the plant height at 15, 30 and 45 days of the transplant because it provided the optimum conditions of humidity, aeration and texture for a better development of the seedlings. In the variable number of leaves, better results were obtained with the use of professional substrate (80% blonde peat + 20% black peat), but not with the rest of substrates whose average was lower, possibly due to the characteristics of the substrates were not suitable for this crop. The root length as well as the volume of root of the plants developed in professional substrate (80% blonde peat + 20% black peat) had higher values than in the rest of substrates because this provides the adequate conditions of aeration, humidity and compaction for the root development of tree tomato plants. Once the experiment was completed, more plants were obtained to be planted in the field with the use of professional substrate (80% blonde peat + 20% black peat) probably because it is the optimal sustenance due to its properties of retaining the right amount of moisture, provide aeration and the appropriate texture for the development of the plants.Item Evaluación de sustratos y soluciones nutritivas en la producción hidropónica con sustratos sólidos en fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2018) Flores Barona, Mario David; Curay, SegundoThe present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the development of the strawberry crop in different mixtures of substrates and several nutritive solutions. The experiment was conducted on the property of Mr. Mario Flores, located in the Andignato sector, Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province. In the trial, substrates with different combinations of rice husk, gravel, kekkilla and coconut fiber were used. The strawberry was planted in the substrates and irrigation was carried out according to the requirement of the crop. A factorial experiment (A x B) arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (DBCA) with three repetitions was performed, where the variables were registered: root volume, leaf volume and yield. The best results in the agronomics were obtained with the use of the S2M1 treatment; the best root volume (12.8 cc), leaf volume (55.53 cc) and yield (12068.06 kg / ha / week) was obtained, however it is necessary to mention that all the treatments used provided conditions for the development of the Strawberry cultivation. It was also determined that in the period August 2017-February 2018 it was necessary to use 314.90 mm of irrigation for the crop, using the drip irrigation method.Item Efecto de diferentes tipos de sustratos y contenedores en el desarrollo del cultivo de mora (rubus glaucus).(2018) Salguero Aguila, Manuel Fernando; Villacis, LuisThe present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the development of blackberry cultivation in different containers and mixtures of substrates. The experiment was carried out in the "Querochaca" Experimental Teaching Farm owned by the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the canton of Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. In the test, containers of different capacity were used: 10 liters, 15 liters and 20 liters. In addition to combinations of substrates using rice husk, coconut fiber, compost and agricultural soil. The planting of the mulberry in the substrates was carried out and irrigation was carried out according to the requirement of the crop. A factorial experiment (A x B + 1) arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (DBCA) with three repetitions was performed, where the variables were registered: root volume, root system length, plant height, leaf area and moisture of the substrates. The best results in the agronomics were obtained with the use of the 20 liter container and a mixture of substrates in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1; the best root volume (17.43 cc), root system length (34.87 cm), plant height (42.53 cm) and leaf area (165.90 cm2) were obtained, however it is necessary to mention that all The treatments used provided conditions for the development of blackberry cultivation.