Tesis Ingeniería Agronómica
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Item Evaluación de complejos enzimáticos orgánicos en la producción de cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum) bajo cubierta(2025-02) Gómez Arce Johana Paola; Pérez Salinas Marco OswaldoThe present research was carried out in the province of Tungurahua, specifically in the Querochaca canton at the Technical University of Ambato “UTA”, where the objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of organic enzyme complexes on the production of garlic (Allium sativum) below deck. In order to achieve the stated objective, a randomized experimental design was used that included three doses with two frequencies and three repetitions. The garlic sowing had a development time of two months from its cultivation in rows. Management methods were used. organic and control plants were included. With the application of the 5% Tukey test, it was observed, with respect to the treatments, that Frequency 2 is every 15 days with Dose 3 being 5 ml. L-1 (F2D3), had a basal diameter of 7.81cm and in height it was Frequency 1 in every 30 days with Dose 1 being 2.5 ml. L-1 (F1D1) showing a growth of 73.11 which had better performance, pointing out that in the crop under cover it did not present pests or diseases throughout the crop cycle.Item Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 15 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.44. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 20 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.30. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de microorganismos para el control de hernia de las crucíferas (Plasmodiophora brassicae) en el cultivo de brócoli Brassica olerácea Var. Avenger).(2024-02) Lascano Zabala, Yesenia Nicole; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesIn this study, the effectiveness of the application of microorganisms was evaluated using the Sauber product for the control of cruciferous hernia in broccoli cultivation (Brassica oleracea Var. Avenger), the study factors were dose and frequency of application. The experimental design used was the completely randomized block design (DBCA), with three treatments for three repetitions plus a control. The variables evaluated were plant height, seed weight, root volume, yield, and incidence. Analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were performed for each variable. The treatments were DI1F1, DI1F2, D1F3, D2F1, D2F2, D2F3, D3F1, D3F2, D3F3 and Control, D1, D2 and D3, doses of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 cc respectively and F1, F2 and F3, frequencies of eight, fifteen, and thirty days respectively. At the end of the analysis, 1t was determined that the best dose and frequency of application is the D3F] treatment, in which the dose of 7.5 cc/L was applied in drench with a frequency of every eight days, 1t 1s the best treatment due to Because in all the variables evaluated 1t presented better results compared to the other treatments in the study, this 1s because the greater the amount of microorganism, the better the control and having a good amount of organic matter in the soil helps the action of these microorganism 1s effective. Keywords: Broccoli, drench, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Sauber, microorganisms, applicationsItem Evaluación de Bioles en la producción de brócoli (Brassica oleracea) var. italica(2024-02) Sailema Sailema, Danilo Roberto; Villacis Aldas, Luis AlfredoBroccoli, scientifically known as (Brassica oleracea) var. italic, it is a cruciferous vegetable of great economic and nutritional importance. Its cultivation is extensive and consumed in much of the world, not only for its flavor, but also for its high content of nutrients, including vitamins, minerals and antioxidant compounds. However, the Broccoli production often faces several challenges, from soil degradation to pests and diseases (Cruz-Tobar et al., 2018). Bioles, due to their high content of nutrients and organic matter, have been used in agriculture as a means of improving soil fertility and plant nutrition. They are products of the anaerobic fermentation of organic waste, including remains of crops, food waste, manure and other materials. It has been shown that biols can provide a number of benefits for soil health, such as improving the soil structure, moisture retention and nutrient availability.Item Caracterización patogénica de aislados de Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. Procedentes de invernadero del sector Izamba cantón Ambato(2023-09) Velasco López, Andrés Gabriel; Leiva Mora, MichelThe gray mold of the leaf or also called Cladosporium fulvum was described by Cooke in 1883, the same one that develops in different crops, but attacks especially in the tomato crop since it has favorable conditions for its dissemination. For the present investigation, the objective was to evaluate the pathogenicity of monosporic isolates of Cladosporium fulvum Cooke from samples of Solanum lycopersicum L. from the Izamba sector, Tungurahua, Ecuador. To evaluate the pathogenicity, the isolates from the C. fulvum culture collection deposited in the Microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato were activated in PDA culture media to be able to count with the neubauer, for the sowing of differential cultivars we proceeded to use substrates, llama manure that were deposited in one-liter tubs to later be inoculated with C. fulvum, obtaining as results a different concentration for each cultivar (Cf0 -77 ml-1, Cf2 -96 ml-1, Cf4-90.9 ml-1, Cf5-65 ml-1 and Cf6-68 ml-1), in addition to a higher percentage of infection in the Cf5 cultivar with 58% while the Cf0 cultivars , Cf2, Cf4 and Cf6 maintain an average between 20-30% in terms of the study factor in which it was determined that the first signs and symptoms of the disease caused by C. fulvum are chlorotic spots on the upper part of the leavesItem Evaluación de alternativas de control de (Bactericera Cockerelli Sulc) en el cultivo de tomate de árbol (Solanum Betaceum Cav.) En el cantón Píllaro, provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Quinde Morocho, Diana Carolina; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoThe present research project was carried out at the INIAP experimental farm in the canton of Píllaro located in the province of Tungurahua, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the different alternatives for the control of Bactericera Cockerelli Sulc in the cultivation of Solanum tree tomato. Betaceum Cav. together with two different plant materials with possible resistance to the incidence of the insect, for the fulfillment of the purpose of this investigation, a divided plot design was developed where three plants were selected from which three leaves located in the upper part were taken, middle and lower part of the plant, the count of eggs, nymphs and adults was carried out in order to carry out the monitoring, the count was carried out visually with the help of a magnifying glass, the data was recorded in an Excel spreadsheet, After monitoring the insect, the different control alternatives were applied depending on the date, the treatments were alternative B1 (chemical control) applied every 10 days, alternative B2 (agricultural oil) applied every 5 days, alternative B3 (kaolin) was applied every 10 days and B4 (control) without application. The results were analyzed in the Infostat statistical program, the Tukey test was applied at 5% and the following results were obtained: the alternative B2 (agricultural oil) and B3 (kaolin), are effective for the population decrease of the insect, obtaining the following means: 13.25 and 10.29 in eggs, 5.14 and 5.18 in nymphs and 0.84 and 0.60 in adults of Bactericera cockerelli, respectively; Based on these results, it is considered that the two alternatives were effective; However, he considers that the best control alternative is B2 with agricultural oil since the plant obtains a population reduction and a good development, contrary to what happens with alternative B3 where kaolin reduces the good development of the plant, which which may be due to different factors that should be studied in a better way so that the use of this product is used in the cropItem Evaluación de tres tiempos de pinzado en la formación de plantas de rosas (Rosa sp), para exportación bajo cubierta en la Granja Experimental Querochaca(2023-09) Ortiz López, Christian Arnulfo; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe rose crop (Rosa sp.) is one of the main flower producers cut in Ecuador, and its production depends largely on techniques of specialized handling such as clamping, which is used to encourage generation of shoots and, consequently, increase production. This research set out to evaluate the impact of three different moments of pinched in the development of rose plants. Three treatments were implemented: clamped at 5 weeks of culture (soft pinch in basals), at 8 weeks of cultivation (chickpea point) and after 12 weeks of cultivation (with the formation full of flowers). In relation to the development of the plant, the treatment of clamping at 12 weeks proved to be the most effective, achieving a height of 83 centimeters, a stem thickness of 1 centimeter, 7 degrees Brix and 2.4 basal with 4.8 arms per basal. The evaluation of the flower production index confirmed these findings: clamping at 12 weeks achieved the highest production rate high (0.81), followed by clamping at 5 weeks (0.71) and, finally, clamped at 8 weeks (0.64). From the economic point of view, the third treatment turned out to be the most profitable, generating the greatest income due to its high percentage of basals. In contrast, the second treatment generated the lower income, since the expected number of baselines was not reached.Item Evaluación de cuatro tipos de abonos orgánicos en el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) variedad tusilla(2023-09) Mendieta Andy, Verónica Jackeline; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioOne of the most important crops in the Amazon is corn, in this case the Tusilla variety was used because it is the one that most farmers work with in the Nueva Aurora location of the Shushufindi canton. The research work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating four organic fertilizers on corn yield using four replications, four treatments plus a control, the statistical method was a completely randomized experimental design. With the results it was obtained that the application of organic fertilizers in the corn crop (Zea mays) tusilla variety improves the yield level having in T1 a yield of 6411.25 kg/ha in relation to the yield of the control treatment which was 5170.25 kg/ha, that is, there is a significant difference statistically speaking with a coefficient of variation of 8, 14%, in the variable days to flowering the coefficient of variation was 1.6% being at 50 days after planting, 4.75% the coefficient of variation in the variable number of ear per plant, 3.14% and 5.15% respectively for ear size and number of grains per ear. While the variables height, number of cob, size of the cob, number of grains did not show significant differences, there was a significant difference in the yield variable, which was the main objective to know if the organic fertilizers affect the development and growth of corn. The cost-benefit relationship is related to the benefits that associations make by working with this variety of corn in the Shushufindi canton.Item Evaluación de sustratos para la producción de plántulas de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum B.)(2023-09) Marcalla Yanchaguano, Erika Alexandra; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe deterioration of the capacity of the land has led to the replacement of direct sowing by the use of seedbeds, with the use of substrates so that in this way they provide us with the production of quality plants. The substrate is one of the main means used for the seed to germinate properly. The objective of this research was to evaluate different substrates for the production of tree tomato seedlings (Solanum betaceum B). The research was carried out in the Research building, acclimatization area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, a completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was carried out, with three treatments and 4 repetitions (each). The substrates used were T1 (Compost50 % plus Gravel 50 %), T2 (Peat) and T3 (Coal - Husk 50 % plus Black Earth 50 %). For the data analysis, the Tukey test was carried out at 5%, at the end of the first phenological phase, which is 30 days after it began to germinate and 45 days after sowing. The germination percentage, plant height, root volume, number of true leaves, root length and stem diameter were evaluated; Carrying out the statistical analysis, it was prolonged that in the six variables prevailed in T2 (Peat), we obtained an average percentage of germination (80.8%) plant height of (8.57cm), root volume of (0. 57cc), number of true leaves (4), root length (4.38cm) and stem diameter (0.5cm), similar results were obtained with T3 (Carbon - Cascarilla plus Tierra Negra). While the compost plus gravel substrate (T1) was the one with the lowest germination percentage (2.83%), so it would not be advisable to use it for tree tomato seed germination.