Carrera de Biotecnología

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    Evaluación de la actividad biológica de los compuestos bioactivos fenólicos del extracto etanólico de Anís (Pimpinella anisum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Urbina Monroy, Diana Carolina; Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
    This study evaluated the biological activity of phenolic compounds present in the ethanolic extract of Pimpinella anisum (green anise). The Soxhlet extraction method was used using 96 percent ethanol, obtaining a yield of 8 percent. The results revealed a total phenol concentration of 76.2 mg GAE per ml. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH and ABTS methods, showing a maximum inhibition of 66.47 percent and 76.32 percent, respectively, indicating that the extracts have the potential to neutralize free radicals. In addition, the anti-inflammatory capacity was determined by denaturation of egg albumin and bovine albumin, reaching maximum inhibitions of 68 percent and 78.48 percent respectively. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds of P. anisum possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, comparable with other plant extracts. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey's test confirmed significant differences between the tested concentrations. The findings highlight the potential of P. anisum as a natural source of bioactive compounds with applications in various industries. Further detailed analysis is recommended to identify the specific compounds responsible for these biological activities and validate these results in vivo. The importance of implementing sustainable practices in the cultivation and harvesting of the plant to preserve its quality is also highlighted.
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    Análisis de variantes de splicing y factores de transcripción (HSF1, CBP y Sp1) en la evolución de la enfermedad de Huntington
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Silva Gamboa, Christopher Joel; Galarza Galarza, Cristian Fernando
    Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT (Huntingtin) gene, leading to significant molecular dysfunctions. In the present study, the impact of splicing variants (SV) and transcription factors (TF) on disease progression was investigated using an in-silico approach with sequencing data based on RNA-seq technologies. Differential splicing variants were identified and their possible influence on the generation of aberrant HTT gene isoforms was analysed. Among these variants, the 109CAG condition showed a particularly severe impact on mRNA processing, primarily affecting huntingtin protein stability. In addition, the functional networks of the HSF1, CBP, and Sp1 factors were constructed and analysed. CBP and Sp1 emerged as central nodes, indicating that they play key roles in global epigenetic and genetic regulation, while HSF1 does not show significant connections with the others. These results suggest that interactions between SVs and TFs exacerbate cellular dysfunction, contributing to HD progression. Finally, the research concludes that both splicing variants and transcription factors represent critical components in HD pathogenesis. These findings provide a solid basis for exploring therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating these molecular processes.
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    Evaluación de un modelo de aprendizaje automático basado en redes neuronales para el diagnóstico temprano de la enfermedad de Alzheimer
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Sarabia Ortiz, Lilián Catalina; Galarza Galarza, Cristian Fernando
    Alzheimer's disease, as the leading cause of dementia, poses a critical challenge in its early detection, where timely interventions can delay its progression. This issue is addressed by evaluating deep learning models based on neural networks to classify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans into different stages of the disease using data from the OASIS and ADNI databases. The importance lies in the need for precise and automated tools to improve early diagnosis, particularly in stages such as mild cognitive impairment. The methodology included constructing a dataset from preprocessed images and applying it to the EfficientNet B7 and ResNet50 architectures. These were trained with advanced techniques such as data augmentation and validated across scenarios involving controlled data, modified images, and new data. Performance metrics such as precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and ROC-AUC curves were analyzed. The results showed that the EfficientNet B7 architecture outperformed ResNet50 in precision, sensitivity, and specificity, especially in classifying early stages of Alzheimer's disease. EfficientNet B7 demonstrated greater generalization ability, achieving high precision with preprocessed and new images, while ResNet50 showed limitations when working with heterogeneous data. This highlights the importance of modern architectures in solving complex problems like early Alzheimer’s detection, although it also evidences that relying solely on controlled datasets like OASIS and ADNI may limit applicability in real clinical scenarios.
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    Evaluación de la efectividad del carbón de hueso de animales bovinos (Bos taurus) en la disminución de la concentración de Flúor en el agua potable de consumo humano del Cantón San Pedro de Pelileo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Sánchez Aldaz, Erick Fabricio; Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
    The excess of fluoride in drinking water for human consumption that is distributed in some sectors of the San Pedro de Pelileo Canton from the Jun Jun watershed, is the main cause of the appearance of dental fluorosis in those who consume it; Dental fluorosis is an abnormality that affects the enamel of the teeth, causing them to yellow or wear out; In the worst case, partial or total loss of teeth can occur. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bone charcoal of B. taurus in reducing the concentration of fluorides, the temperature and time of bone carbonization is essential to obtain adequate hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate particles, hydroxyapatites and calcium carbonate are responsible for trapping fluoride ions; with a concentration of 5g per liter of bone charcoal, it was possible to reduce the concentration from 1.98 mg per liter to an average value of 0.742 mg per liter in the evaluation of jug tests without altering the water quality. The design of a bio-filter for domestic use can be used as an alternative to reduce contact with fluorine ions present in water; The bio-filter can be a tool used to improve the quality of dental life in children, young people, young women and adults.
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    Evaluación de la incidencia de Woody Plant Medium y ácido indol-3-butírico sobre el enraizamiento in vitro de explantes de Myrcianthes rhopaloides. Articulado al Proyecto de Prácticas de Servicio Comunitario aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONVISO-2024-009
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Rivadeneira Salazar, Evelyn Monserrath; De la Torre Olvera, Helena Maritza
    This work focused on the in vitro rooting of explants of Myrcianthes rhopaloides, an endangered plant with high ecological and pharmacological value. The research aims to contribute to scientific knowledge on the propagation of native plants with therapeutic potential and to support the conservation of this species through micropropagation techniques. The methodology included the selection and disinfection of explants from healthy young branches of M. rhopaloides, which were grown in enriched media with different concentrations of AIB. Periodic measurements were performed to assess the viability of explants, the percentage of oxidation, contamination and the length of roots formed. In addition, digital tools such as SmartRoot software were used to analyze root development. The experimental design was structured using factorial tests with several replicates to ensure the reliability of the results. The results showed that internodal explants showed better root development compared to apical explants. A concentration of 0.2 mg per liter of AIB was found to promote root growth effectively, although it also increased the oxidation of the explants. Viability rates reached 62.5 percent in WPM treated explants, while the percentage of contamination and oxidation remained below 20 percent. These findings highlight the importance of adjusting culture conditions and hormone concentrations to maximize in vitro culture success.
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    Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante y estabilidad de un extracto obtenido a partir de residuos de hojas de la cosecha del maíz (Zea mays)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Puruncajas Paucar, Angel Santiago; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    Maize (Zea mays) is a major crop in Ecuador, generating high volumes of underutilized agricultural waste which, if poorly managed, could pollute the environment or have non-economic value. Maize leaves, rich in biomolecules such as chlorophyll and flavonoids, hold potential for industrial applications in food and cosmetics. This research aims to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and stability of maize leaf extracts to promote their utilization. Two extracts were prepared using 96 percent ethanol and an acetone-ethanol mixture in a 3 to 1 ratio, which were analyzed through FTIR spectrophotometry. Their antioxidant capacity was studied using the DPPH assay. The extracts were stored at different temperatures for four weeks, and their FTIR spectra and antioxidant capacity were examined. The FTIR study indicates the presence of hydroxylated compounds in both extracts, acetone extract containing more diverse groups. The antioxidant capacity was 107.15 and 104.39 micromoles of Trolox per gram of maize leaves for ethanol and acetone-ethanol extracts, respectively. The stability study showed changes in the FTIR spectra of both extracts, with an increase in the presence of new functional groups. The acetone-ethanol extract exhibited greater stability in antioxidant capacity, whereas the ethanol extract showed a significant reduction. Refrigeration proved to be the best condition for preserving antioxidant activity in both extracts.
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    Evaluación de fitohormona para la división celular in vitro de Myrciantes rhopaloides
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Medina Medina, Jorge Antonio; De la Torre Olvera, Helena Maritza
    Myrcianthes rhopaloides commonly known as Black Arrayan is an endemic species of Ecuador, which has been used intensively due to the properties and quality of its wood, being of great value for the timber industry, causing the population of this species to be reduced. The objective of this research is to evaluate the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for in vitro cell division by means of in vitro micropropagation, developing organogenesis in the form of leaves and shoots from explants, from the application of an in vitro culture protocol for disinfection in order to obtain viable explants and a variation of four treatments with Gamborg B5 medium; three of which will present phytohormone in different concentrations of 0,5; 1 and 1,5 milligrams per liter of phytohormone and one treatment as a negative control without the presence of phytohormone. As a result of the disinfection, a moderate percentage of viable explants was obtained, where the contamination rate was due to the presence of an endophytic fungus. In the evaluation of the phytohormone treatments, treatment three with a 1,5 percent concentration of indole-3-acetic acid showed a response of leaf and shoot formation in the third week after the start of the experiment, maintaining a gradual increase during the 7 weeks that the explants were incubated.
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    Elaboración de platos biodegradables germinables a partir de materiales agroindustriales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Lozada Pérez, Daisy Paola; Moreno Toasa, Gabriel Alejandro
    In this research, germinable biodegradable plates were developed from agro-industrial materials to avoid the consumption of disposable single-use plates, which are thrown into landfills, seas and oceans causing damage to the marine flora and fauna. Undoubtedly, since the plates have a germinative character, they become a unique and innovative proposal for the consumer because after its useful life is over, the plate returns to the earth and has the capacity to complete the biodegradation and germination process. As for the methodology, the physicochemical, mechanical and optical properties of germinable biodegradable plates were identified using an experimental design and the best treatment was determined, resulting in 25 percent corn (Zea Mays); 30 percent second-use Kraft paper (without ink, not bleached). In addition, after the statistical analysis it was determined that the seeds of edible species radish (Raphanus sativus) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa), do not have significant differences that affect the analysis of the properties. Finally, the plates biodegraded in 45 days while, the germination percentage for radish was 85 percent and lettuce 75 percent. It was demonstrated that the natural fibers of the germinable biodegradable dishes were ideal, and the dishes are an ecological alternative to reduce environmental pollution.
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    Evaluación in silico de microbiomas intestinales para identificar biomarcadores específicos en enfermedades de Crohn y Celíaca usando técnicas de metagenómica comparativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Lucero Chisaguano, Israel Joel; Galarza Galarza, Cristian Fernando
    Understanding the intestinal microbiota is crucial for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease (CDr) and Celiac disease (CD). This study employs comparative metagenomics techniques to identify specific biomarkers to differentiate these pathologies. The results highlight the relevance of microbial dysbiosis as a common factor, but also highlight significant differences in the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota in each disease, which will advance the understanding of these pathologies, and create opportunities for the development of diagnostic tools and innovative therapies. The analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene samples, processed with the QIIME2 tool under strict sample quality criteria. In parallel, the impact of sex was evaluated by analyzing significant variations in beta microbial diversity in patients with CDr. Functional analysis performed with PICRUSt revealed specific metabolic pathways related to inflammation in CD and oxidative stress in rCD. Microbial differences observed showed an increase in Proteobacteria, along with reductions in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In addition, biomarkers were identified in common such as, Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae, and specific ones such as Alistipes in CDr and Lachnoanaerobaculum in CD. These results validate metagenomics as a tool to explore the microbiome-disease relationship, facilitating early diagnosis and the design of personalized therapies aimed at restoring microbial balance, marking a significant milestone in the development of precision medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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    Evaluación in silico de microbiomas intestinales para identificar biomarcadores específicos en enfermedades de Crohn y Celíaca usando técnicas de metagenómica comparativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) López Herrera, Alan Joshua; Galarza Galarza, Cristian Fernando
    Understanding the intestinal microbiota is crucial for advancing the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases such as Crohn's disease (CDr) and Celiac disease (CD). This study employs comparative metagenomics techniques to identify specific biomarkers to differentiate these pathologies. The results highlight the relevance of microbial dysbiosis as a common factor, but also highlight significant differences in the composition and functions of the intestinal microbiota in each disease, which will advance the understanding of these pathologies, and create opportunities for the development of diagnostic tools and innovative therapies. The analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene samples, processed with the QIIME2 tool under strict sample quality criteria. In parallel, the impact of sex was evaluated by analyzing significant variations in beta microbial diversity in patients with CDr. Functional analysis performed with PICRUSt revealed specific metabolic pathways related to inflammation in CD and oxidative stress in rCD. Microbial differences observed showed an increase in Proteobacteria, along with reductions in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. In addition, biomarkers were identified in common such as, Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae, and specific ones such as Alistipes in CDr and Lachnoanaerobaculum in CD. These results validate metagenomics as a tool to explore the microbiome-disease relationship, facilitating early diagnosis and the design of personalized therapies aimed at restoring microbial balance, marking a significant milestone in the development of precision medicine for inflammatory bowel diseases.