Unidad de Posgrado Civil y Mecánica
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Item Estudio comparativo del diseño sismo resistente de una edificación de estructura metálica de cinco pisos con arriostramientos concéntrico y excéntrico en la Unidad Educativa Tres de Marzo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Sanabria Espinoza, María Natividad; López Arboleda, Alex GustavoThe objective of this work was the comparative study of the seismic behavior of buildings with two bracing systems. In Ecuador there are different zones with seismic danger, for this reason, recently improvements have been implemented in the design and construction of steel structure buildings, some of these improvements are the implementation of bracing systems. Although this practice is very useful to improve the seismic behavior of buildings, locally its performance is still being studied. In the analysis proposed in this work, concentric bracing (in X and V) and eccentric bracing (in X and V) were considered for a specific zone. In order to analyze the seismic behavior of the building, the soilstructure conditions were applied with the characteristics of the Chimbo canton that were compiled from a soil study, additionally, a basic building was configured, in which the 4 different types of bracings were applied in order to identify if there is a system that presents a better performance. A Pushover analysis was applied to all configurations to establish which system provides the best results. Finally, it was identified that the inverted V bracings provide the building with greater flexibility without the need to compromise its integrity.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Grande, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Santander Paredes, Pablo Andrés; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe district of Huachi Grande is part of the rural area of the city of Ambato; however, in recent years it has shown an important economic development not only through agricultural activities, but also through the industrial sector. The objective of this research work was to analyze the seismic vulnerability of metal structure buildings in the district and to evaluate in detail the vulnerability of one of the most representative buildings in order to design a reinforcement proposal. Methods such as rapid visual inspection using the forms established in FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS were used. It was found that the vulnerability of the buildings in the district was high in the majority of cases. For this reason, an industrial building with a mixed system of hotrolled steel portal frames and cold-rolled steel trusses was selected; the building presented pathologies derived from conceptual errors in the design and assembly of the structure. A detailed vulnerability analysis was performed on the selected building through the linear static and spectral modal method; the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. It was found that the building does not comply with the load solicitations established by NEC 15; therefore, it was necessary to propose a reinforcement system. The most relevant pathologies were local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included the addition of elements in the columns to form compact elements and also the replacement of secondary elements with more efficient sections. Additional failures were identified such as the inadequate location of tension elements in the trusses and the need to locate San Andres cross members. The reinforcement will allow the building to perform better under service and seismic loads.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 2, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Carranza Calero, Diego Mauricio; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo EnriqueSeismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistant capacity under the action of an earthquake, which is based on the characteristics of the structure. The present work was framed in the vulnerability analysis of metallic structures of the Santa Rosa parish, Zone 2, which has a high level of seismic hazard due to its location and proximity to several geological faults. It was found that most of the metal structure buildings analyzed present a high vulnerability index that indicates that they would suffer great damage in the event of an earthquake. The evaluation criteria used were based on three methodologies: NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS: perform a more exhaustive analysis, draw vulnerability and seismic risk maps and identify a representative building to perform a detailed analysis and propose a reinforcement proposal, in this building three types of analysis were performed: static, spectral modal and Pushover to identify the critical points of the structure that should be reinforced.Item Análisis no lineal del puente de sección compuesta tipo de 135 metros de longitud usando SAP2000(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Calo Catota, Byron Patricio; Romo Proaño, Luis MarceloGiven the importance of bridges for the road, social and economic development of the country, the design and verification of seismic performance is imperative; this project takes a first step towards that goal by understanding the nonlinear behavior of typical Ecuadorian composite bridges. For this purpose, the case study of a steel bridge built in 2020 and located in province of Los Ríos, Ecuador, has been taken as a case study. To achieve this objective, we have taken bibliography present in articles, guides and normative standards, especially international; the nonlinear responses of components such as: superstructure, columns, elastomeric supports, vertical seismic bars, passive response of the fill in abutments and seismic restraints are proposed and constructed with the objective of representing the real behavior of a bridge against the earthquake of April 16, 2016 occurred in Ecuador, specifically the one registered in the city closest to the project (Portoviejo). The nonlinear time response analysis is performed in the commercial program and the behavior of the bridge and is obtained considering the two orthogonal components of the earthquake. The results obtained are displacements, velocities and accelerations of the superstructure and pier, moment-rotation in the central pier, force-displacement curves of the non-linear elements such as vertical bars, supports, braces, etc. From the above, it is possible to determine that there would be impact between beams-shear keys, superstructure - abutments and in the joint separating the multispam simple supported; it is also observed that certain components present limited levels of displacement such as fillers, vertical bars and columns; on the contrary, the element that would present the greatest damage are the shear keys in the central pile and elastomeric supports, especially their lateral response. The analysis of each component was developed in detail and appended for academic purposes, so that future research can apply this methodology to the evaluation of new and existing bridges.Item Determinación del desempeño sísmico económico de un edificio en acero, mediante la metodología del FEMA P-58 y su programa Pact.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023) Iza Chimbana, Néstor Gonzalo; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséIn a country like Ecuador with great seismic danger, it is important to investigate methodologies that help to mitigate the damage that the structures could have in the occurrence of these seismic events. A methodology that allows determining the possible damage that the building could have, is the methodology described in the FEMA P-58, which allows us to know economic results and casualties in a probabilistic way. The present research work began by performing a seismic resistant analysis of a building, with a lateral load resistant system of special SMF moment resisting structural steel frames composed of HEB cruciform columns and IPE beams. We started designing the structures by means of a linear static and dynamic analysis. The structure has an adequate behavior and complies with the mandatory regulatory checks, such as checking the floor drifts, the design of its structural elements and connections. In order to carry out the design according to the FEMA P-58 methodology, it was necessary to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, for which 11 seismic records were selected, which were scaled to different intensity levels and as a result information on displacements and floor accelerations was obtained. These were used for the application of the PACT tool of the FEMA P-58 methodology, which is a program that allowed us to determine the possible cost, repair time of the building, as well as injuries and deaths for the different levels of intensity.Item Análisis y diseño estructural del edificio Mushuc Runa de diez pisos en estructura metálica, mediante comparación del análisis estático lineal, modal, estático no lineal (Pushover), dinámico no-lineal (historia de respuesta), y diseño estructural en concordancia con el AISC 341-16, AISC 358-16, e incidencia en las condiciones actuales de la edificación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Argüello Freire, César Hipólito; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge PatricioThe degree work in question consists of analyzing, through non-linear mathematical models, the seismic vulnerability of a building built in 2018 with structural steel (A572 GR 50) and a height of 9 floors with respect to the road. Likewise, the structural design carried out in 2017 (prior to construction), and compared with international standards, specifically those described in ANSI - AISC 341-16, 358s-16, 360-16, ASCE 41-13, FEMA 440, FEMA 273. The company AyF, Consultoría y Construcción provided all the necessary documents to carry out a correct seismic performance analysis; among the most important: mathematical model of analysis and structural design prepared in 2017, as-built plans prepared at the end of the work in 2018, ultrasound tests on welds, material quality certificates, architectural plans, among others. In this way and with all the documentation available, the expected results were obtained through nonlinear analysis (NSP) and (NDP), comparing maximum displacements, floor drifts, shear forces, formation of plastic hinges, failure, hysteresis diagrams and amount of energy dissipation; in this way, the level of seismic performance and the seismic vulnerabilityxviii of the structure were obtained for a design earthquake of 475 years of return period (earthquake considered due to the type of building) and it is expected that the civil works in question resist the design earthquake and is between the Operational – Functional states. Within the resilience rating with respect to FEMA P-58-1, the category that corresponds to the current system is "GOLD", where 10 percent damage and 4 weeks of occupation time are expected. Likewise, a comparison was made of the design carried out prior to construction (2017), with respect to the analysis carried out in this document; therefore, the dimensioning of cross sections used in the different structural members is justified. It should be noted that practical results have been obtained for the structural analysis specifically to the value related to the coefficient R (coefficient of seismic reduction) and that they can be extrapolated to different scenarios.Item Análisis estático no lineal (Push Over) de los talleres de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica y de la Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial, con aisladores sísmicos, ubicadas en el campus Huachi de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) López Sánchez, Byron Leonardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis research work presents a comparative analysis of the structural behavior of a conventional structure and another with the implementation of seismic isolators, which are devices that allow the building to deform elastically and dissipate energy during the occurrence of earthquakes of considerable magnitude. The structures analyzed were the workshops of the faculties of: Civil and Mechanical Engineering and Systems, Electronics and Industrial Engineering and they are classified as special according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), and present a structural system of special earthquake resistant gantries made of hot rolled steel with stiffening diagonals, they are also used as laboratories for the production area and as a higher education center.xxiii As a first study, a linear analysis of the structures was performed to verify their current state by analyzing their vibration period, displacements and permissible drifts, then a non-linear static analysis was performed to determine their seismic performance, and then the isolation system was pre-dimensioned. It was designed taking as a priority the ASCE/SEI 7-10 standard, the dead loads of the building plus 30 percent of the live load above the isolation system and based on the information provided by the manufacturer. It should be taken into account that there are a large number of options of anti-seismic devices to improve the performance and behavior of a structure; in this case study, the lead core elastomeric isolator (LRB) was chosen. Subsequently, all the established limits such as drifts, shear and displacements were verified, taking into account the provisions of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. For the workshop of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering with isolated base, the floor drifts were reduced by 64 percent compared to the structure without isolation, for the basal shear and horizontal displacements a reduction of 73 and 51 percent respectively, likewise for the workshop of the Faculty of Systems, Electronics and Industrial Engineering the floor drifts, shear and displacement were reduced by 69, 74 and 63 percent respectively.