Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.MICROALGAS

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    Evaluación de la producción de luteína en el cultivo de Chlorella vulgaris bajo condiciones de laboratorio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07) Lascano Chango, Darwin Alexander; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    Currently, interest in microalgae has increased due to their potential as a source of bioactive compounds that can be applied in functional foods and nutraceutical supplements. Research on pigments produced by these microorganisms is highly relevant. For example, lutein has antioxidant properties that are beneficial for eye health, and its importance in biotechnology has generated interest in its production under controlled conditions. In the present study, experimental cultures of Chlorella vulgaris grew in standard BBM medium and in medium with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations reduced by fifty percent, under low and high light intensities: two thousand six hundred thirty-eight lux and five thousand two hundred sixteen lux, respectively. Cell density was monitored for twenty-two days to determine the best treatment, with the aim of adding two promoters under that condition for lutein production: sodium acetate and acetic acid. This carotenoid was quantified using spectrophotometric methods with ninety-six-well microplates. The results showed that cultures grown in standard medium under high light intensity reached the highest cell densities and showed a prolonged exponential phase. Lutein production was higher in treatments with an organic carbon source, although cultures without promoters also presented detectable amounts of lutein. The combination of a balanced medium and controlled light conditions proved to be efficient for maximizing biomass and the content of bioactive pigments.
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    Determinación de las condiciones óptimas de cultivo de Haematococcus pluvialis para la producción de biomasa y astaxantina
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01) Esquivel Galvez, Kevin Wladimir; García Solís, Mario Daniel
    This study evaluated the optimization of culture conditions for Haematococcus pluvialis to maximize biomass and astaxanthin production, a pigment of high biotechnological value. The main objective was to determine the optimal cultivation conditions by comparing three media (BBM, Fuerza Verde, and Bonanza) under two aeration rates (250 and 1000 mL per min). The methodology included a factorial design, monitoring of growth kinetics through cell counting, biomass quantification by dry weight, induction of carotenogenesis using light and salt stress, and pigment extraction assisted by ultrasound. The results showed that Bonanza achieved the highest cell densities and productivities, confirming its non-limiting nutrient profile. Fuerza Verde exhibited intermediate values, while BBM displayed moderate growth with a final decline associated with nutrient limitation. ANOVA revealed a significant effect of the culture medium and the medium per aeration interaction on cell density. Regarding astaxanthin, only BBM showed the characteristic absorption peak at 482 nm and measurable pigment concentrations, whereas Fuerza Verde and Bonanza maintained chlorophyll-dominated profiles linked to their higher NPK availability. Overall, enriched media favored biomass accumulation, whereas nutrient-limited conditions, such as those in BBM, promoted carotenoid induction. This work provides comparative evidence on the combined influence of nutrients and aeration on the physiology of Haematococcus pluvialis, contributing to the development of more efficient cultivation strategies for biotechnological applications.
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    Caracterización de la producción de metabolitos primarios y secundarios por Scenedesmus sp. nativa del Ecuador
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Paredes Paredes, Jennifer Katheryn; García Solís, Mario Daniel
    Currently, global problems have arisen, such as the limited availability of food and population growth, causing the depletion of natural resources, emissions of greenhouse gases and nitrous oxide from fertilizers and pesticides, methane production by ruminants, and deforestation. At the same time, the need to feed the growing population has driven the development of techniques to obtain microalgae supplements, since they produce active compounds and metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, vitamins and amino acids. For this reason, this research seeks to evaluate the production of primary and secondary metabolites by the microalga Scenedesmus sp. native to Ecuador, quantifying its capacity to produce proteins, carbohydrates and pigments under different culture conditions. Supplements to the BBM medium with different concentrations of sodium nitrate (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 grams per liter) and carbon sources (carbon dioxide, ethylene glycol, sodium acetate) were used. These conditions were combined to obtain 12 treatments. The culture scenario was 21 degrees Celsius, a light-dark cycle of 16 and 8 hours, and constant aeration of 200 milliliters per minute with 0.04 percent volume-volume carbon dioxide. The results showed that the best treatment was the mixotrophic culture with ethylene glycol and high concentration of sodium nitrate, producing the highest amount of proteins, carbohydrates and pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids). It was also determined that the growth kinetics of Scenedesmus sp. varies according to the concentration of sodium nitrate in the medium.
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    Caracterización de la producción de metabolitos secundarios por microorganismos fotosintéticos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Lalaleo Camino, Christian Josué; García Solís, Mario Daniel
    Global population growth has driven demand for food resources, causing a negative environmental impact through the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming. In response, photosynthetic microorganisms have been highlighted as an alternative source of bioactive compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and pigments. This project evaluated the impact of carbon and nitrogen on the growth kinetics, production of proteins, carbohydrates, and pigments of the CLMR1 isolate, as well as its influence on cell morphology. Autotrophic and mixotrophic cultures were carried out, using carbon dioxide with two organic carbon sources (ethylene glycol and sodium acetate) and different concentrations of sodium nitrate (0, 0.625, 1.25 and 2.5) grams per liter. The most outstanding results were observed in the culture with 2.5 grams per liter of sodium nitrate and ethylene glycol, achieving the highest cell concentration (21,000,000 cells per milliliter), maximum amount of carbohydrates (1015.78 micrograms per milliliter) and the highest synthesis of chlorophyll. and carotenoids (0.274 and 0.207 micrograms per milliliter). Additionally, treatment with 2.5 grams per liter of sodium nitrate and sodium acetate produced the highest protein concentration (2.31 micrograms per milliliter). However, cultures without sodium nitrate showed the lowest synthesis of each metabolite and the minimum biomass production (200,000 cells per milliliter). Morphological changes were evident in the cells, highlighting the importance of optimal culture conditions for the synthesis of metabolites and their application in the sustainable production of high-value biomolecules.
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    Producción de bioetanol utilizando biomasa de un cultivo mixto de microalgas como materia prima
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Carrera Ocampo, Miguel Ángel; García Solís, Mario Daniel
    The biotechnological potential of microalgae in biofuels production continues to be a promising alternative to face the current energy crisis. This research project aimed to use the biomass of a mixed microalgae culture to produce bioethanol, for which the biomass production using industrial by-products as additional sources of carbon in the culture media was evaluated, and the optimal conditions for the acid hydrolysis of the carbohydrates contained in the microalgal biomass were determined. The mixotrophic cultures, composed of carbon dioxide and cheese whey or ethylene glycol as carbon sources, allowed the generation of higher biomass yields (1.38 and 0.60 milligrams per milliliter) in comparison with the autotrophic culture using carbon dioxide solely (0.50 milligrams per milliliter). Regarding the acid hydrolysis of carbohydrates, the higher release of reducing sugars per dry biomass (0.27 milligrams per milligram) was obtained using 2.0 percent volume-volume sulfuric acid. Additionally, it was determined that it is possible to obtain a higher amount of reducing sugars from the biomass obtained in the culture medium supplemented with ethylene glycol (0.30 milligrams per milligram). Finally, ethanol was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration per dry biomass of 0.35 milligrams per milligram with a process yield of 82 percent from the fermentation of the sugars present in the biomass hydrolysate obtained from the culture with ethylene glycol. The results support the use of the biomass of the microalgae consortium as an efficient alternative to produce third-generation bioethanol.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de extractos obtenidos de Scenedesmus sp.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Abril Ibarra, Zulay Alejandra; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    Growing interest for replacing synthetic molecules with natural ones has increased the demand of biological sources; it has been used like mainly source the plants; however, the microalgae represent a highly competitive strategy. Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic microorganisms, which are easily of culture and scale. The present investigation is focused on the study of the bioactivities of Ecuadorian Scenedesmus sp. to give information about its potential like source of bioactive natural molecules. The culture of microalgae was done with a low-cost medium elaborated using BASFOLIAR (10:4:7) fertilizer and water, and the culture was exposed to continuous illumination. The hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from Scenedesmus sp. were characterized with quantitative essays for total phenols, flavonoids, and carotenoids. The high concentration of these metabolites was achieved with the extract obtained with ethanol:water 80:20 (volume:volume percentage). The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and inhibition of denaturalization of albumin assay, respectively. Like the best results for the bioactivities were obtained 6,37 micromoles of Trolox per gram of dry weight and 41,40 percent of imbibition of DPPH radical capacity and 38,42 percent of imbibition of albumin denaturation capacity, both for the hydroethanolic extract rich in bioactive compounds.
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    Determinación del potencial antimicrobiano de la microalga Chlorella extraída de las aguas empozadas de las acequias de Atocha, Tilulum y el Socavón del cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2014) Barona Altamirano, Adriana Carolina; Valencia Silva, Alex Fabián
    Las microalgas son organismos unicelulares eucariotas fotosintéticos capaces de transformar la energía luminosa en energía química; las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento varían de una especie a otra, las investigaciones sobre el cultivo de microalgas son de gran importancia dada su amplia aplicación biotecnológica y comercial. Chlorella es una microalga verde unicelular de agua dulce, de forma esférica mide cerca de 2-10 micrones de diámetro, tiene alta concentración de clorofila, se reproduce rápidamente y de forma asexual, necesita carbono agua luz y pequeñas cantidades de minerales.Se recolecto diferentes muestras de aguas empozadas de Atocha, Tilulum y el Socavón de la ciudad de Ambato, los cultivos de la microalga Chlorella se aislaron utilizando el medio Basal de Bold debido a la cantidad de nutrientes que posee, las células tardaron 240 horas en alcanzar la fase exponencial para su posterior análisis. Se determinó el potencial antimicrobiano de la microalga en base a los resultados positivos en los ensayos en los que se utilizó el precipitado que resulta de la extracción del chlorellin con los solventes etanol y alcohol isopropílico. El análisis estadístico determinó que el mejor tratamiento fue Tilulum- Alcohol isopropílico al tener mayor el tamaño del halo de inhibición, cuya media fue de 28mm, ante la bacteria coco grampositiva, mientras que el menor tratamiento fue Socavón-etanol con una media de 0,11mm. En la última etapa de la investigación se realizó las pruebas de control positivo mediante la técnica del antibiograma utilizando la bacteria aislada y antibióticos como penicilina, demostrando que fue sensible con un halo de inhibición de 5mm ante la ampicilina y 1mm ante oxacilina, valores que están dentro del rango de sensibilidad de acuerdo a las tabla CIM (Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria).