Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.BIOTECNOLOGÍA MICROBIANA

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    Aislamiento y caracterización de cepas nativas de Komagataeibacter xylinus y comparación de su crecimiento en diferentes sustratos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Dávalos Cerrón, Patricia Yissel; Cerda Mejía, Liliana Alexandra
    Komagataeibacter xylinus is the most efficient species, being able to synthesize bacterial cellulose biofilms (CB) from a great variety of carbon sources. This biopolymer has received considerable attention on the last few years due to diverse commercial applications, especially in the food industry and biomedical due to its high purity and variety in form and texture. In the present study, native strains of K. xylinus were isolated and characterized from acetic sources such as wine, wine vinegar and kombucha SCOBY in the media H-S and GYC comparing its production with the strain from control K. xylinus DSM 2004 in the different carbon sources (glucose, whey and ethylene glycol) in static cultivation. Two strains were isolated from the kombucha SCOBY. The results revealed that both strains denominated PDC 21 and PDC 25, and the control strain synthesized CB in different amounts from the glucose, ethylene glycol and fermented milk serum. The strain PDC 25 produced almost 8 more times CB than the strain control in the standard H-S medium compared with PDC 21 that only synthesized 0.4 times the CB humid, meanwhile with ethylene glycol PDC 25 synthesized 1.4 and 3.46 more times CB in the media H-S ethylene glycol and K- ethylene glycol respectively compared by the control strain. However, K xylinus DSM 2004 produced larger amounts of CB in the media that contained fermented milk serum.
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    Producción de la enzima recombinante Xyn30D de Paenibacillus barcinonensis para la degradación de residuos agroindustriales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2020-01) Arévalo López, Yessenia Abigail; Cerda Mejía, Liliana Alexandra
    The purpose of this study was to obtain the recombinant enzyme Xyn30D from Paenibacillus Barcinonensis, which after its expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and (TF2) and extraction, its degrading activity on agroindustrial waste was analyzed based on its specific enzyme activity (U/mg protein). Enzymatic activity was measured through the quantification of reducing sugars produced from the digestion of agroindustrial waste after the enzymatic reaction at 50 Celsius degrees and at different time intervals. Cocoa husk was the substrate that showed the highest enzymatic activity (468.3 Units per mg protein) with an incubation time of 15 minutes, followed by cane bagasse, corn stubble and rice bran. Additionally, the enzymatic activity on its optimal substrate (beech wood xylan) was calculated with enzymatic reactions at 15 and 30 minutes, obtaining values of 88.67 and 57.46 Units per mg protein. Finally, the identification of the products generated by the enzymatic reaction of Xyn30D on agroindustrial waste by means of the HPTLC technique, which showed the degradation products obtaining xylobiose and xylooligosaccharides as mentioned in the literature. On the other hand, when analyzing the degradation products of the synergy between Xyn30D and Cel6D, xylobiose, cellobiose, celooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides were obtained.
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    Caracterización de levaduras aisladas a partir de frutos de durazno (Prunus persica), fresa (Fragaria vesca) y manzana (Malus domestica)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-07) Escobar Reyes, Mercy Jeaneth; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
    This paper shows the importance of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization for the identification of yeasts that were isolated from seasonal fruits peach, strawberry and apple from three different locations Montalvo-Palagua, Huachi Grande-San Alfonso, Alobamba – the triumph. The time, yeasts have generated a biotechnological interest due to their application in the industry, rapid growth and biomass production. The fermentation of the fruits made before the isolation allowed to obtain differences in the number of CFU for every ml according to the fruit and place of collection. A total of ninety four isolated and conserved strains were obtained. For the identification of these was taken different criteria as morphological where analyzed their characteristics macroscopic and microscopic, physiological criteria of growth in different ranges of pH, salinity, temperature and assimilation of Amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen. The characterization genotypic was performed by analyzing the digestion of the region ITS by means of RFLP, the results of numerical taxonomy obtained were analyzed in the statistical software NTSys which allowed to obtain a taxonomic determination with which it was possible to group and form sixteen species groups resulting from the analysis of numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data and fourteen species groups resulting from the numerical taxonomy of genotypic data. The final analysis of taxonomy Polifásica made for fifty-four strains of yeast where they grouped their characteristics resulting from the analysis phenotypic and Genotypic obtaining a final dendogram with a cut to 80 percent of similarity that allowed Obtain 18 species groups where it is observed its wide distribution for the fruits and places of where they were isolated the yeasts.
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    Identificación y clasificación de bacterias con potencial en biotecnología vegetal
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-12) Reinoso Caicedo, Gladys Estefanía; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
    Forty-four bacteria were classified, which were separated into 3 groups of interest according to their possible uses in plant biotechnology processes. In the phenotypic study of the strains, data were obtained from their macroscopic, microscopic and physiological characteristics. By direct observation of the colony, stains, tests of resistance to different conditions of the medium and tests of use of different sources of carbon. In the molecular study the characteristics were obtained by the BOX PCR reaction of all the strains. Both, phenotypic and molecular characteristics were analyzed using the coefficient of Simple similarity (SSM) and the UPGMA algorithm. The species groups formed in this analysis helped to select the strains that were identified by sequencing the 16s rDNA gene. To obtain the species that belonged each strain was carried out the phylogenetic analysis in the program PHYDIT, using the coefficient of Jukes-Cantor and Neighbour joining algorithm to obtain the phylogenetic tree. From which a total of 16 different species were obtained, where those belonging to the genus Bacillus were the dominant ones with a total of 11 species. Two species of Enterobacter were also obtained and only one species of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas and Lysinibacillus. It should be emphasized that these species are distributed in the 3 groups of interest demonstrating the diversity existing in the collection of bacteria used in this study.
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    Determinación de la osmotolerancia de nueve cepas de levaduras aisladas de frutos de mora para la aplicación industrial en procesos de fermentación alcohólica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015) Constante Ibarra, Gissela Katherine; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
    Para determinar la osmotolerancia de nueve levaduras aisladas de frutos de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus) en la producción de alcohol se tomaron en cuenta como factores de estudio la concentración de sólidos solubles y la especie de levadura utilizada para la fermentación. Dos levaduras mostraron ser más eficientes en la producción de etanol que Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metschnikowia pulcherrima y Wickerhamomyces onychis, a 18°Brix, produjeron en promedio 80% más alcohol que Saccharomyces, y el rendimiento de producción de etanol fue de 1,29 y 1,25 militro por gramo de sustrato respectivamente. Los rendimientos de producción de biomasa por gramo de sustrato mostraron que Meyerozyma guilliermondii, a 18 °Brix, fue la levadura que produjo mayor cantidad de células por gramo de sustrato consumido. Se obtuvieron las cinéticas de crecimiento microbiano de los tratamientos de estudio a partir de la fase exponencial de las curvas de crecimiento mediante regresión lineal. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación abren la posibilidad de preparar un bioproducto útil para la industria de producción de biocombustibles en Ecuador, aportando de esta manera con estrategias que permitan la reducción del uso de combustibles fósiles y así tener un ambiente sano y libre de contaminación.