Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Uso de los residuos de cultivo in vitro de plantas como potencial fertilizante para Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) y Tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Pérez Guerra, Carlos Sebastián
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
In vitro culture laboratories are key tools for the mass propagation of plants; however, they generate large amounts of waste rich in agar, nutrients, and growth regulators that, despite their agronomic potential, are typically discarded as biological waste. In response to this issue, the present study aims to evaluate the use of in vitro culture waste as a potential liquid fertilizer for kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) To this end, agar waste from micropropagation processes was collected, treated, diluted, sterilized, and packaged to produce the liquid fertilizer. Subsequently, its composition was characterized using photometry, a technique that quantifies chemical compounds through absorbance measurement, and its effect on plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The analysis revealed high concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur in the form of sulfates, manganese, and zinc compared to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, treated seeds and plants exhibited higher germination percentages, greater numbers of true leaves, uniform leaf growth, and improved root development. These results demonstrate the significant potential of in vitro culture waste as a sustainable alternative for plant nutrition, offering a viable and ecological option for agricultural waste management. Furthermore, the reuse of these wastes not only reduces their environmental impact but also contributes to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices.
Uso de los residuos de cultivo in vitro de plantas como potencial fertilizante para Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) y Tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Jiménez Robles, Mayte Carolina
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
In vitro culture laboratories are key tools for the mass propagation of plants; however, they generate large amounts of waste rich in agar, nutrients, and growth regulators that, despite their agronomic potential, are typically discarded as biological waste. In response to this issue, the present study aims to evaluate the use of in vitro culture waste as a potential liquid fertilizer for kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) To this end, agar waste from micropropagation processes was collected, treated, diluted, sterilized, and packaged to produce the liquid fertilizer. Subsequently, its composition was characterized using photometry, a technique that quantifies chemical compounds through absorbance measurement, and its effect on plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The analysis revealed high concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur in the form of sulfates, manganese, and zinc compared to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, treated seeds and plants exhibited higher germination percentages, greater numbers of true leaves, uniform leaf growth, and improved root development. These results demonstrate the significant potential of in vitro culture waste as a sustainable alternative for plant nutrition, offering a viable and ecological option for agricultural waste management. Furthermore, the reuse of these wastes not only reduces their environmental impact but also contributes to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices.
Evaluación de la estabilidad de las cápsulas de gelatina formuladas a partir de microencapsulados de carotenoides extraídos de la cáscara de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Bautista Gavilanes, Shirley Nicole
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
Currently, the increase in food waste has reached alarming figures, amounting to 3.4 billion tons, due to the growth of the world population. Faced with this global challenge, new alternatives have been explored, among which the reuse of tomato tree peels stands out for its significant content of carotenoids, compounds known for their ability to prevent different diseases. In this study, carotenoids were extracted by the solvent method, mainly using 96 percent ethanol, due to its superior yields, while in the quantification of carotenoids were 0.40 to 0.50 mg/L. Subsequently, the concentrated extract was microencapsulated with maltodextrin and gum arabic, highly soluble and biocompatible polymers, achieving efficiencies above 90 percent. Carr's index of 20 percent and Hausner's index of 1.25 indicate uniformity and firmness in the capsule formulation. The evaluation of antioxidant activity showed percentages of 88.29 for the extract, 28.54 in the microencapsulates and 32.98 for the initial formulation, gradually decreasing with time. Finally, physical parameters were evaluated, including visual inspection that confirmed the external stability of the capsules. Over time, a gradual increase in weight was noted, while the disintegration time exhibited a decreasing trend, attributable to environmental factors such as humidity and agglomeration. Likewise, the shelf life of the hard gelatin capsules was determined, with a value of 5 months and 43 days.
Evaluación de la vida útil de microencapsulados de carotenoides provenientes de desechos agroindustriales de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) en la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09)
Silva Manjarres, Caroline Estefania
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
Currently, a large amount of agro-industrial waste (peels) of tree tomatoes is generated. The peels contain compounds of interest such as carotenoids, which are a source of provitamin A and have antioxidant activity. For this reason, their study has increased to treat different conditions. Three batches of extract were made with a concentration of 0.62 milligrams per liter and the extraction efficiency was 16.84 milligrams per kilogram. The microencapsulation was prepared with concentrated extract, polymers and distilled water using the mini–Spray Dryer equipment. The microencapsulation efficiency was 95 percent, and the yield percentage was 64.87. The physicochemical characterization of the extract was carried out for 15 days, using a moisture balance, the TSS was between 1.90 and 1.43 percent, pH was 4.63 and carotene concentration was between 0.56 and 0.66 milligrams per liter. The characterization of the microencapsulates was evaluated for 30 days for three batches generated, having a pH of 4.29 and a moisture percentage of less than 3. The antioxidant activity yielded values of 40.03 and 38 percent inhibition of DPPH of the extract and the microencapsulates, respectively, equivalent to 223.09 and 211.836 micro mol per liter of Trolox. The predicted shelf life was 37 days for the extracts and 74 days for the microencapsulates. The present research extracted carotenoids from agroindustrial wastes and preserved them using microencapsulation, performing physicochemical characterization tests to verify the stability of both.
Extracción y microencapsulación de licopeno extraído a partir de residuos de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) y su formulación en cápsulas duras
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Maestría en Ciencia de los Alimentos, 2022-05)
Pazmiño Miranda, Nelly del Pilar
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Microencapsulated lycopene was obtained industrially, which was extracted from tree tomato residues, the extraction was carried out in 96 percent ethanol, at 55 degrees Celsius for 60 minutes. Subsequently the spray drying method was used to prepare the microencapsulation by mixing gum arabic and maltodextrin. As a result, were obtaining, a concentration of lycopene for each kilogram of plant material of 43.78 mg for batch 1; 45.20 mg for batch 2 and 43.22 mg for batch 3. Regarding the microencapsulation efficiency, respectively for each lot, 93.61, 90.44 and 96.78 percent, were reached. In addition, of microencapsulated lycopene, a formulation design was carried out in hard gelatin capsules format zero, finding better results with 8 mg of aerosil, 20 mg of sodium starch glycolate, 22 mg of microcrystalline cellulose and 350 mg of microencapsulated for an average weight, per capsule, of 412.92 mg and a disintegration time of 9.09 minutes.
Determinación de escenarios de la producción de alimentos frente al Cambio Climático en la Provincia de Tungurahua tomando como muestra los cultivos de maíz (Zea mays), papa (Solanum tuberosum), mora (Rubus ulmifolius) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-09)
Villamarín Cueva, Andrea Belén
;
Franco Crespo, Christian David
In Ecuador, the study of the climate is a complicated subject because there are few records, especially in remote areas where it is known that there are negative effects of Climate Change, however, they have not been quantified, creating uncertainty by not having information for a analysis of future consequences and makes it difficult to implement actions to combat the effects of the climate. Pests and diseases in crops, the increase in temperature, water scarcity and the variation of rainfall are the impacts that affect agricultural production and the availability of food. To determine the impact of the Climate Change Scenarios in Ecuador on the production of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius), tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), corn (Zea mays), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the province of Tungurahua was used The GAMS software, with the use of linear programming and based on databases, surveys and information collected, provided data on the future consequences of the studied crops as a result. With the analysis of each result on the incidence of water scarcity aggravated by Climate Change, it is established that the only crop that would be able to resist this change by 2050 would be corn, which could generate an increase in prices of The crops forging problems for the Food Security of Ecuador by not having enough resources to maintain production and supply the population.
Determinación de escenarios de la producción de alimentos frente al Cambio Climático en la Provincia de Tungurahua tomando como muestra los cultivos de maíz (Zea mays), papa (Solanum tuberosum), mora (Rubus ulmifolius) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-09)
Jordán Lescano, Andrés Isaac
;
Franco Crespo, Christian David
In Ecuador, the study of the climate is a complicated subject because there are few records, especially in remote areas where it is known that there are negative effects of Climate Change, however, they have not been quantified, creating uncertainty by not having information for a analysis of future consequences and makes it difficult to implement actions to combat the effects of the climate. Pests and diseases in crops, the increase in temperature, water scarcity and the variation of rainfall are the impacts that affect agricultural production and the availability of food. To determine the impact of the Climate Change Scenarios in Ecuador on the production of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius), tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), corn (Zea mays), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the province of Tungurahua was used The GAMS software, with the use of linear programming and based on databases, surveys and information collected, provided data on the future consequences of the studied crops as a result. With the analysis of each result on the incidence of water scarcity aggravated by Climate Change, it is established that the only crop that would be able to resist this change by 2050 would be corn, which could generate an increase in prices of The crops forging problems for the Food Security of Ecuador by not having enough resources to maintain production and supply the population.
Evaluación de diferentes combinaciones de polímeros en la microencapsulación de licopeno de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12)
Pazmiño Eugenio, Damaris Abigail
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
The concentrate of lycopene of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) was microencapsulated using four differents combinations whose were evaluated through the antioxidant capacity. The combinations consisted of varying the load, with respect to the polymers used that were maltodextrin and gum arabic with modifications in the entry and exit temperature in the microencapsulation. The evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro was developed using the DPPH test. On the other hand, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a cellular model to analyze the activity in vivo comparing the growth rate it presents against high and low stress levels with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite. It was determined that the microencapsulated with 30% lycopene, 35 percent gum arabic and 35 percent maltodextrin at an inlet temperature (Te) of 120 Celsius degrees and outlet (Ts) of 80 Celsius degrees showed greater antioxidant capacity when using the DPPH free radical method obtaining 81,84 percent inhibition equivalent to trolox concentration of 333,78 more less 4,53 µmol of trolox for gram sample, also recorded a percentage of microencapsulation efficiency of 64,42 percent, which was comprobated with the analysis in the far infrared spectrum taking into account that 83,76 percent transmittance was obtained. The antioxidant activity in vivo corroborated the previous results, because when using the microencapsulation at a concentration of 700 mg/mL, Saccharomyces cervisiae showed a growth rate greater than 1 in the presence of NaOCl and H2O2 exceeding the antioxidant capacity of vitamin C.
Obtención de un extracto rico en carotenoides con capacidad antioxidante a escala de banco a partir de residuos agroindustriales del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12)
Urbina Calero, Walter Ramiro
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
The research project had to objective obtain an extract rich in carotenoids up to a scale of a bench, from the agroindustrial waste of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum). The extraction of the carotenoids was conducted the dry vegetable residue and as solvent ethanol with a residue waste/solvent of 1/70, 50 Celsius degrees and 30 minutes on laboratory scales (0.5 L) and bench (3 and 5 L). The chemical physical characterization of the extract was performed, determining the humidity percentage equal to 99,90 percent, pH of 5,69, refractive index of 1,36, kinematic viscosity of 2,09 cSt.s-1, lycopenes concentration of 0.51 mg.L-1 and yield extraction of 34.34 mg.kg-1. In the microencapsulation the higher scale extract (5 L) was used, concentrating the sample until get 13.45 percent solids, determining the percentage yield in the microencapsulation process equal to 79.02 percent and the percentage of efficiency of microencapsulation of 99.39 percent, also an infrared spectroscopy analysis that corroborated these results considered to be favorable for higher scaling of the process. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical method by doing a Trolox calibration curve, obtaining 50.80 percent DPPH inhibition in the extract without concentrating, increasing by 200 percent in the concentrated extract. In the microencapsulated extract was obtained an 21.72 percent inhibition of DPPH equivalent to 142.72 µmol.L-1 with a decrease in antioxidant activity of 34.27 percent compared to the concentrated extract doing a dilution of 1/200.
Extracción y microencapsulación de licopenos provenientes de residuos agroindustriales del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-01)
Pérez Sánchez, Christian Fabián
;
Fernández Rivero, Danae
The present work is based on the extraction and microencapsulation of the bioactive compound lycopene present in the agroindustrial waste of the tomato tree (Solanum betaceum). An experimental design 32 was carried out, where the factors studied were: the vegetal material ratio / solvent volume (1:30, 1:50, 1:70) and the extraction time (30; 60; 120 min). From the results obtained, the percentages of extraction efficiency and the lycopene mass were calculated in one hundred grams of extracted solids, obtaining that the extraction process was optimized with a vegetal material for solvent volume ratio of 1:70 and a extraction time of 30 minutes. In order to increase the stability of the extracted lycopene, it was microencapsulated by spray drying, using maltodextrin and arabic gum as polymers, obtaining an efficiency of the microencapsulation process of 96.5 percent. Through the analysis of infrared spectrometry by Fourier Transforms (FTIR) the effectiveness of the microencapsulation process was corroborated. The antioxidant activity was checked by means of the DPPH technique (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil), since percentage values of DPPH inhibition were obtained for the lycopene-rich extract of 60.23 percent and for the 49.85 percent microencapsulation represented 686.73 and 287.34 μmol of Trolox in one gram of mass of solids extracted respectively.

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