Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Aplicación de la tecnología de metabarcoding 16S rRNA para el análisis de la rizosfera de mora (Rubus glaucus) en cultivos de la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Vallejo Guerrero, Lizbeth Andrea
;
Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
This study focuses on characterizing the diversity and abundance of the microbiota associated with the blackberry rhizosphere, as well as predicting the metabolism of the taxa found. Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and analysis of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, a wide range of bacterial taxa predominantly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were identified. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed high microbial diversity in most of the sampled locations, with significant variations between sampling points, indicating the influence of local environmental factors. Additionally, functional predictions of metabolic profiles were performed using advanced bioinformatics tools such as PICRUSt2 and EzBioCloud, highlighting the contribution of these microbial communities to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur. The results underscore the importance of rhizospheric microbiota in soil health and the growth of R. glaucus and suggest its potential for use in biocontrol and biofertilization strategies. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of microbial ecology in blackberry crops but also offers a foundation for future research and practical applications in sustainable agricultural management in the Tungurahua region.
Aplicación de la tecnología de metabarcoding 16S rRNA para el análisis de la rizosfera de mora (Rubus glaucus) en cultivos de la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Corrales Iza, Lenin Apurimak
;
Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
This study focuses on characterizing the diversity and abundance of the microbiota associated with the blackberry rhizosphere, as well as predicting the metabolism of the taxa found. Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and analysis of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, a wide range of bacterial taxa predominantly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were identified. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed high microbial diversity in most of the sampled locations, with significant variations between sampling points, indicating the influence of local environmental factors. Additionally, functional predictions of metabolic profiles were performed using advanced bioinformatics tools such as PICRUSt2 and EzBioCloud, highlighting the contribution of these microbial communities to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur. The results underscore the importance of rhizospheric microbiota in soil health and the growth of R. glaucus and suggest its potential for use in biocontrol and biofertilization strategies. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of microbial ecology in blackberry crops but also offers a foundation for future research and practical applications in sustainable agricultural management in the Tungurahua region.
Recuperación de antocianinas a partir de los residuos agroindustriales de la mora de castilla
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Llerena Toasa, Diana Michelle
;
López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Tungurahua being one of the provinces with the highest production of blackberry, the idea of recovering anthocyanins from the agroindustrial waste of this fruit, arises as a topic of vital importance, since the bioactive substances that are present in the skin of the blackberry, not only give the characteristic color and flavor to the fruit, but also have antioxidant properties and great benefits for human health. For the extraction of anthocyanins, 96 percent ethanol was used as a solvent, to which citric acid was added to preserve the stability of these bioactives against factors that could affect their integrity. Subsequently, they were microencapsulated with maltodextrin to preserve the activity of the bioactive, thus prolonging their useful life, to finally determine the antioxidant activity of the anthocyanins. It was determined that the optimum conditions to obtain the highest amount of anthocyanins were 1:15 plant material - solvent volume for 30 minutes. In the microencapsulation process, it was obtained an efficiency of 78.178 percent, indicating effective microencapsulation. On the other hand, in the determination of the antioxidant activity, it was obtained 55.606 percent DPPH inhibition in the concentrate (Trolox referent of 311.711 micromol per liter) and 29.342 percent in the microencapsulated (Trolox referent of 205.550 micromol per liter), taking into account that in this value there is only 20 percent of the concentrate. This process represents a significant advance in the valorization of agro-industrial waste and the sustainable production of bioactive compounds.
Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Metarhizium anisopliae microencapsulada frente a Phyllophaga spp
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Carrera Núñez, Wendy Tatiana
;
Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
The Castilla blackberry is a fruit with high nutritional and commercial value in Ecuador, but it is affected by insect pests such as Phyllophaga spp, it feeds on roots and allows the entry of pathogenic microorganisms such as Fusarium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia, generating rot in the roots. and plant death. The control of this pest has been demonstrated with the use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae, however, its effectiveness in the field is affected by abiotic factors, found in microencapsulation a technique that allows this fungus to be protected and enhanced. The research allowed the growth and sporulation of conidia of M. anisopliae in vitro in Petri dishes, microencapsulation was by spray drying with maltodextrin and gum arabic and ionic gelation with sodium alginate and calcium chloride. 9 treatments were applied with the encapsulates, the larvae were placed in a humidity chamber and infected with 1 milligram per larva to be evaluated over a period of 7 days. 270 larvae of the genus Phyllophaga spp were found, for its control the best treatment was ionic gelation with a concentration of 1 by ten to 9, with the highest number of infected larvae on the fourth day and a severity of 52.38 percent and the least effective treatment corresponded to spray drying with a concentration of 1 to 10 to 5 on the fourth day and presented an infection severity of 34.28 percent.
Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Trichoderma harzianum microencapsulada frente a Botrytis cinerea
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09)
Guevara Freire, Jennifer Michelle
;
Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
The blackberry crop has a high economic importance due to its medicinal and agroindustrial properties, its production faces problems caused by phytopathogens that cause significant economic losses, among which Botrytis cinerea stands out as the cause of gray rot disease. The control of this fungus has been demonstrated by organisms such as Trichoderma harzianum, however, the elaboration of products based on this biocontroller is unstable or inefficient, being microencapsulation an excellent alternative. For research purposes, conidia of T. harzianum were obtained by solid fermentation and these were microencapsulated by spray drying technique from maltodextrin and gum arabic, ionic gelation was performed by using sodium alginate. Two types of microencapsulation were used, as well as three incubation times, obtaining as a result that the ionic gelation treatment at three days of incubation was the best with a percentage of radial growth inhibition of 97.087 percent followed by ionic gelation at 2 days with a percentage of 94.174 percent, while the spray-drying treatment at 3 days was 85.435 percent. In the present research project, microencapsulation of T. harzianum conidia was carried out, evaluating its influence on the radial growth percentage of B. cinerea.
Efecto antimicrobiano de un recubrimiento activo con aceite esencial de flor de canela en mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-08)
Cáceres Navas, Juan Carlos
;
Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
The blackberry is considered native of South America, occurs in the central inter-Andean zone of Ecuador, being Tungurahua one of the provinces with the highest production. It is known to contain nutritional and antioxidant characteristics that contribute to the body. Due to its soft texture in its drupes and its poor post harvest handling, they make it labile and perishable in a very short time. In this work, a coating based on achira flour was evaluated with and without the addition of 1 percent cinnamon flower essential oil against a control sample of blackberry. Microbiological, sensory, physicochemical, colorimetric and texture analyzes were performed to determine the effect of the coating. Positive results were obtained in the coating with cinnamon flower essential oil; since it is the one that presents the best microbial attack. A decrease of 1.32 and 1.17 log cfu for every gram less than MC and RC respectively in RC-AE was reported; while on day 8 it presented 1.38 and 1.33 log cfu for every gram less than MC and RC respectively. Cinnamon essential oil shows an effective antimicrobial activity and health benefits, which is why it is considered a potential food additive.
Estimación de vida útil de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth) a partir del recubrimiento de celulosa bacteriana producida por Komagataeibacter xylinus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2019-01)
Toscano Avila, Jonatan Alfonso
;
Cerda Mejía, Liliana Alexandra
The Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is an Andean crop with nutritional and antioxidant properties, whose intake potentiates the immune system and reduces the risk of developing degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is one of the most perishable fruits due to its high respiration rate and the lack of peel that protects the quality of the fruit, which makes it susceptible to microbial attack and rapid deterioration, which is a problem for commercialization. The objective of this research was to estimate the useful life of Castile mulberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) from the coating of bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus, applied in the postharvest quality of the Mora de Castilla, with the purpose of improving both physicochemical characteristics as nutritional. The treatment with biofilm coating of bacterial cellulose at a temperature of 4 Celsius degree allowed to increase the shelf life of the fruit up to 9 days, in addition to maintaining its characteristic texture, color, smell and taste, that is to say that the biofilm generated from Komagataeibacter xylinus, can be used as an antimicrobial agent, in edible coatings for fruits, vegetables, meats, etc.
Efecto de la aplicación postcosecha de ozono gaseoso sobre la tasa respiratoria y la calidad microbiológica de mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-11)
Chonata Jiménez, Erika Brigitte
;
Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
The fragile structure of Andean blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth) influences in a relatively short shelf-life and limited by the microbial contamination. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of the postharvest application of gaseous ozone (0.5 and 0.7 ppm) on the respiratory rate and the activity of native microorganisms (aerobic mesophiles, psychotrophs, molds and yeasts) and inoculated pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus). The results show that the treatment with ozone did not affect the respiratory rate of the berries. In addition, an antimicrobial effect of ozone was observed in aerobic mesophiles, psychotrophs and molds and yeasts with growth inhibition of up to 0,75; 1,9 y 2,25 logarithmic units respectively. Regarding to the inoculated microorganisms, the maximum growth inhibition of B. cinerea was 0.69 logarithmic units with the concentration of 0.5 ppm O3. In the case of E. coli and S. enterica, we worked with blackberry pulp, with adjusted pH at optimum values for the growth of each bacterium, and there was limited reduction of the microbial load due to the surface action of the ozone. Finally, there was no growth of S. aureus due to factors other than the ozone action.
Efecto del ozono gaseoso sobre la calidad microbiológica de moras de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-10)
Barrionuevo Terán, Evelyn Yajaira
;
Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
Castilla blackberry is a fruit without external layer that protects it from physical, mechanical and microbiological damages. The attack of microorganisms in this fruit generates high percentages of losses and being Tungurahua a province with high Castilla blackberry productive capacity, it is necessary to study the antimicrobial effect of ozone gas (O3) (0,4 and 0,6 ppm) in the microbiological quality of this fruit. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated in native microflora (molds and yeasts, psychotrophs and aerobic mesophiles), molds (Botrytis cinerea) and bacteria (S. aureus, S. enterica and E. coli). The results show the antimicrobial effectiveness of O3 by decreasing 1,64, 1,15 and 0,64 log units of molds and yeasts, psychrotrophs and mesophilic aerobic, respectively. For the two Gram (-) bacteria (S. enterica and E. coli), blackberry juice with modified pH was used, obtaining reductions of 1.08 (with 0.6 ppm of O3) and 0.54 (with 0,4 ppm of O3) log units. In the case of B. cinerea, the reduction of 0,25 log units was observed on day ten after having applied 0,6 ppm of O3. With respect to S. aureus (Gram + bacteria) no growth was observed, this could have occurred due to the presence of characteristic compounds of blackberries, such as flavonoids, which have antibacterial power.
Efecto del ozono sobre la actividad antioxidante, los azúcares y los compuestos bioactivos de la mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Maestría en Tecnología de Alimentos, 2018-06)
López Salazar, Rodolfo Abelardo
;
Horvitz Szoiechet, Sandra
The objective of the present research work was to evaluate the effect of gaseous ozone on antioxidant activity, sugars and bioactive compounds of Castile blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth). The ozone gas concentrations evaluated were 0,4; 0,5; 0,6 and 0,7 ppm for a period of three minutes. Three repetitions were performed per treatment. The antioxidant activity, and the content of anthocyanins, total polyphenols, ascorbic acid and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were evaluated on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 of refrigerated storage at 6 less more 1 Celsius degree, using previously lyophilized samples. From the results obtained it was possible to conclude that regardless of the concentrations used, post-harvest treatment with gaseous ozone affected positively and negatively because in some cases an increase was observed and in others reduction and compounds in study.

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