Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación del aceite de palma y premezcla gluconeogénica sobre el comportamiento productivo en cerdas primíparas(2024-08) Almeida Enríquez, Catherine Belén; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palm oil and a gluconeogenic premix on the productive performance of primiparous sows. The research took place on the premises of the pig producer "Martita" located in the parish of Checa, canton Quito, and province of Pichincha. The study included 10 nulliparous Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows with an average weight of 80 kg +/- 10 kg in which two treatments were tested: T0 = 0% energy replacement (kcal) provided by palm oil, with a gluconeogenic premix and T1 = 100% energy replacement (kcal) provided by palm oil, with a gluconeogenic premix. For each treatment, five repetitions were used per treatment, integrating one sow per repetition. In the comparison of means, the T Student statistical test was used with a confidence level of 95%. The variables analyzed in this study included backfat thickness, feed intake during gestation and lactation, weight gain, piglet weight at birth and weaning, litter size, pre-weaning mortality, weaning-oestrus interval, pregnancy rate and partial costs. The results reported that replacing 100% of the energy provided by palm oil with a gluconeogenic premix significantly impacted cumulative feed intake especially during the last weeks of gestation and at the beginning of the lactation stage. However, it did not significantly affect the average daily feed intake in the two stages. Similarly, T1 considerably reduced backfat thickness during these periods. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in the weight of piglets from sows fed with the gluconeogenic premix, during birth and weaning, being these higher compared to the control group. In addition, the pre-weaning mortality rate was significantly lower in the T1 group. Finally, in the cost analysis, although the total cost was slightly higher for the T1 group due to the higher intake, it should be stressed that the improved results, such as piglet weight and reduced pre-weaning mortality, indicate that the benefits could justify the additional expense.Item Análisis de la eficacia del aceite esencial de té verde (Camellia sinensis) como aromaterapia en la reducción de estrés en gatos de consulta(2023-09) Guevara Solís, Samantha Betzabé; López Villacís, Isabel CristinaThe development of ethology as a scientific discipline has allowed the development of practices that help improve the human-cat relationship and animal welfare. It is for this reason that the new trends in the handling of domestic cats lie in promoting empathy in the respectful handling of domestic cats and the generation of positive experiences when going to the vet, thus avoiding the generation of stress or anxiety. Therefore, a study is proposed to analyze the efficacy of green tea (Camellia sinensis) essential oil as aromatherapy in reducing stress in consulting cats. The proposed study was carried out at the Pet's Home Veterinary Clinic, which is in the Tungurahua Province of the Ambato Canton. The reference population consisted of 45 domestic cats. The sample selection was divided into 3 experimental groups, each of 15 cats that were in healthy conditions with aromatherapy exposure to different concentrations of green tea (5%, 10% and 15%). The experiment model applied to validate the hypothesis responds to the name of Complete experimental design by means of Fisher's test. In conclusion, I have to assert that; green tea as aromatherapy has a relaxing effect in cats based on the p value (0.000 where p value < 0.05) due to the significant behavioral changes between the results of its application.Item Evaluación del aceite residual de comida rápida sobre los índices productivos en pollos de engorde(2023-09) Sailema Criollo, Bryan Andrés; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe objective of this study was to analyze different percentages of addition of residual oil in diets of broilers, being evaluated 1.5%, 2% and 2.5%, and their effects on production indices and cost/benefit ratio. of the different treatments. Four different treatments were studied, including a control with 0% residual oil, for the present work a completely random statistical design was carried out, which consists of five repetitions for each treatment applied, which presented 10 experimental units adding a total of 200 chickens. The analysis of the means was carried out using Tukey's statistical test at 95% reliability. It was divided into three stages of productive period, initial (0-7 days), growth (8-21 days), and fattening (22-35 days and 36-42 days). It was concluded that in the different stages there were no significant differences between treatments in terms of productive performance, however, in an accumulated analysis differences were obtained in terms of final weight and European efficiency index, being the most viable treatment T1 with the addition of 1,5 % of residual oil, presenting a good productive performance and a cost/benefit ratio of 1.19 points.Item Efecto de Agrozoil en el control de Mildiú Velloso (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) en el cultivo de zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) variedad “Modena(2023-03) Aponte Ocaña, Myrian Graciela; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoThe objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of ozonized oil in the control of downy mildew in the zucchini crop (Cucurbita pepo L.) variety "Modena", in the San Jose hamlet belonging to the Constantino Fernandez parish, Ambato canton of the province of Tungurahua, in open field. A split-plot experimental design was used, being the main plot the three doses of Agrozoil (3cc/L; 5cc/L; 7cc/L) and the sub-plots the frequencies (7 days, 14 days and 21 days) of application, structured in randomized blocks, with three replications. The applications were carried out during two months at 35 days after sowing the crop. The variables evaluated were the percentage of severity and incidence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis on leaves and fruit (number, size, diameter, weight and yield). The results, according to the statistical analysis at the end of data collection (60 days after the first application), showed that the best treatments were D2F2 (5cc/L; 14 days) with values of 55.43% in the incidence control and 25.71% in the severity control (30 days after the first application). Regarding the fruit variables studied, the treatments that obtained the best results were D2F2 (5cc/L; 14 days) with a number of fruits of 2.67, a diameter of 7.67 cm, caliber of 30.40cm, weight of 2041.75g with an average yield per kilogram of fruit per plant and expressed in Kg/Ha with a value of 25206. 74Kg/Ha, which shows that the D2F2 treatment (5cc/L. 14 days) obtained the best results; 14 days) obtained the best results, demonstrating that ozonized oil is effective in controlling Pseudoperonospora cubensis, preventing the plant from reducing its yield.Item Efecto del aceite esencial de congona en el control de Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)(2023-03) García Medina, Katherine Michelle; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioThis research work was carried out in the entomology laboratory of the campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, located in the Cevallos canton, Querochaca sector, Tungurahua province. The objective of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of congona essential oil in the control of Tetranychus urticae. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with 3 repetitions and the results were examined by analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5%. The factor under study was the essential oil of congona at four different dosages: D1 (2%), D2 (4%), D3 (8%) and D4 (16%), and the control T (0%), the application of the oil was by the aspersion method, in breeding units where 10 female mites were placed. In the analysis of variances for the mortality rate at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application of the essential oil of congona and for the oviposition of the mites, the data transformation was applied with the formula √𝑥 + 3 and √𝑥 + 1, respectively, due to the high coefficient of variance. Based on the statistical analyzes carried out in the present investigation, it was determined that none of the treatments applied had a statistically significant response for the control of Tetranychus urticae, since there were no data with significant variation when comparing treatments D1, D2, D3 and D4, with the control T in none of the variables proposed in the investigation. The median lethal dose (LD50) could not be calculated either due to the low percentage of mortality presented by the mites.Item Evaluación del aceite agrícola para el control del pulgón (Brevicory brassicae) en la col morada (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata f. rubra)(2023-03) Enríquez Cevallos, Ericka Lisseth; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueAphids represent a serious threat to the production of different species of the Brassicaceae group worldwide, including the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, which can cause significant economic losses. Therefore, the use of synthetic pesticides is required, which has resulted in the development of pest resistance and effects on human health and the environment, for which the use of mineral oils or agricultural oils can offer results that could be used in the control of pest insects in different crops. In this regard, in the present study the effect of agricultural oil on the control of the aphid, B. brassicae in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) was evaluated. The effect of different doses (7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 cc/l) of the agricultural oil applied at different ages of the crop (80, 90 and 100 days after transplantation) on the effectiveness in the aphid management was evaluated. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with the treatments in a factorial arrangement in which the first factor was represented by the dose of agricultural oil, the second factor the date of application. Initial population of B. brassicae varied from 122.3 to 284.5 aphids/plant, while after 10 days of application (90 days of cultivation) the population was significantly low, reaching only 88.3 aphids on plants where agricultural oil was applied at the 7.5 cc/l, while at doses 10 and 12.5 cc/l, the number of aphids reached 49.8 and 60.8 aphids/plant, respectively. After 100 days of cultivation, the population showed a slight increase, reaching between 113.6 and 172.6 aphids/plant at a dose of 7.5 and 10.0 cc/l, respectively. The greatest effectiveness was observed with the doses of 10 and 12.5 cc/l, with which the percentage of effectiveness varied from 72.16 and 78.43% with the application 80 days of the crop. Similarly, the effectiveness increased to 84.91 and 85.74 %, with the highest dose (12.5 cc/l) applied at 90 and 100 days of culture. A similar effect was observed during the second and third application of agricultural oil. According to the Probit analysis, an LD50 of 11.513 cc/l was observed with a slope for the dose-mortality curve of 4.788 ± 0.679. In conclusion, an effect of the dose was observed, but not of the moment of application of the agricultural oil on the control efficiency of the cabbage aphid, for which it is suggested to incorporate its use in a pest management program in cabbage crop.Item Eficiencia de la aplicación de aceite ozonificado en la nutrición del Delphinium sp. en la parroquia Montalvo(2022-11) Yánez Villacís, Juan José; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesIn Ecuador the cultivation of Delphinium has gained in acceptance, as well as the use of ozonated oils to reduce damage caused by pests. Developing experiences that allow determining the effect of ozonized products on the health of Delphinium varieties could create new opportunities for organic management in the flower market with greater care for the health of producers and caring for the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate combinations of doses of Agrozoil and varieties of Delphinium spp. on the production index, physiological response and profitability in the Montalvo parish. To comply with the experimental stage, a randomized complete block design was used with the following specifications: 3 doses of ozonized oil combined with 5 varieties of Delphinium, 5 controls without Agrozoil and 3 repetitions for each treatment. The following variables were evaluated: harvest percentage, production index, time to harvest, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and inflorescence height, as well as a greater number of flowers. The fresh mass and the dry mass in the root, stem, leaves and flowers were also determined. According to the results obtained, the highest percentage of harvest and production index was reached when 7 ml.L-1 of Agrozoil was applied in the Guinevere and Blue bird varieties. In the Galahat variety, the time to harvest was reduced by 20 days when using 5 and 7 ml.L-1 of Agrozoil. When 7 ml.L-1 of Agrozoil was applied in Astolat and Summer skies, a greater height and diameter of the stem was reached. Combining 7 mL.L-1 of Agrozoil in Summer skies increased stem height, stem diameter, leaf area, and inflorescence height as well as a greater number of flowers. When applying 5 mL.L-1 and 7 mL.L-1 of Agrozoil in the Galahat variety as well as 7 mL.L-1 of Agrozoil in the Guinevere variety, a greater number of leaves per plant was reached. The greatest fresh mass of the root was observed in Astolat without Agrozoil, while when using 3 ml of Agrozoil this variety reached the greatest fresh mass of the stem. The combination of 7 ml of Agrozoil in the Astolat, Galahat and Guinevere varieties as well as in Guinevere without Agrozoil had greater fresh mass in the leaves. With 7 ml of Agrozoil in Blue bird, greater dry matter was obtained in the root, while the application of 7 ml of Agrozoil in Astolat increased the dry matter in the stem and in the leaves. Finally, the spraying of 7 ml of Agrozoil in the Astolat and Blue bird varieties achieved a greater dry mass of the flowers. In accordance with the stated results, it was found that the Agrozoil product in some Delphinium varieties and with some doses of Agrozoil had a positive effect on the growth, development and reproductive phase, which lays the foundations for introducing Agrozoil within integrated management strategies in this flower crop.Item Evaluación del efecto estimulante del aceite ozonificado (AGROZOIL), en el cultivo de girasol (Helianthus annuus), híbrido sunbright en la parroquia Juan Montalvo(2022-09) Guevara Izurieta, Bryan Alexander; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe use of ozonized oil has now become an ecological biostimulant medium that contributes to morphological growth, control of pests, diseases, inactivation of viruses, bacteria and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, when applied to any type of crop. The present research project was developed in the Juan Montalvo parish, belonging to the Ambato canton, with the purpose of evaluating the morphophysiological effects presented by the cultivation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Sunbright hybrid, with the application of four doses of ozonated oil ( Agrozoil) at 3, 5, 7, 10 cc/l, as a foliar applied biostimulant, the study factors that were evaluated were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, inflorescence diameter, number of petals, crop cycle, leaf area and dry mass. A completely randomized block design with five treatments and four repetitions was drawn, the application of the product was carried out every 15 days, making four applications. Obtaining as a result that the dose (D4) at 10 cc/l of ozonized oil, influenced the morphological growth of stem diameter with an average greater than 1.46 cm, number of leaves with an average of 13 and 14 leaves, mass dry root with a fresh weight of 29.2 g, stem with a weight of 223.8 g, and inflorescence reaching a weight of 30.58 g, compared to the other doses evaluated, on the other hand the dose (D3 ) at 7 cc/l of ozonated oil, influenced the variables plant height with a stem length of 115.45 cm, diameter of the inflorescence 13.6 cm, leaf area with an average greater than 84.18 cm2 and cycle of the culture reaching a cut-off point at 61 days compared to the other doses.Item Determinación del porcentaje de aceite de cuatro variedades de aguacate (Persea americana) en el sector Las Viñas(2021-01) Mejía Pallo, Jonathan Patricio; León Gordon, Olguer AlfredoConsidering the importance of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) at the national level and based on its growing production, obtaining avocado oil emerges as an alternative to use the fruit in order to strengthen its production chain. The present work aimed to determine the percentage of oil in four varieties of avocado, with two drying methods (in the sun and in an oven), evaluating the physical characteristics (density, viscosity, oil color, soluble solids of the pulp, index refraction) of avocado oil. The samples were taken at the property of Mrs. Roció Morales Sánchez, located in the Las Viñas San Alfonso sector, of the Ambato canton, Tungurahua Province. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) it is located at an altitude of 2597 meters above sea level, in the geographical coordinates: latitude 1 ° 14 ”48” S and longitude 78 ° 37 ”05” W. In the investigation a block design was used randomized DBCA, with eight treatments and three repetitions. The methodology used consisted of a previous collection of the fruit of the varieties under study, which were subjected to softening for five days, to later extract the pulp, place it according to the protocol for each treatment and record the information of each variable. During data processing, the Infostat statistical program was used, in the variables with significant responses, the Tukey test was applied to (5%). The result of the investigation determined as the best treatment to the variety Semil 34 with the oven drying method, presenting the best levels of pulp yield, the percentage of extracted oil. Concluding the work, it was found that the physical properties did not show a significant trend and did not present statistically significant differences after an analysis of variance.