Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de fórmulas de sustratos alternativos en la germinación de semillas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea var.italica)(2024-08) Altamirano Núñez, Christian Rodrigo; Guerrero Cando, David AníbalSeed health is a vital factor for successful agricultural production to prevent the spread of different pathogens. Likewise, soil suppression is very important to help seed germination, and it is necessary to have a large number of beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, the use of a good substrate is one of the key points to ensure healthy and vigorous seedlings. In this sense, in the present research, different substrate formulas for broccoli seed germination were evaluated, where different percentages of Azolla enriched with zeolite and humic acids were evaluated on plant height, germination percentage, leaves per plant, root volume and percentage of useful plants. The following proportions were used: S1 (Azolla 70% + zeolite 30%), S2 (Azolla 69.5% + zeolite 29.5 % + humic acids 1.0%), S3 (Azolla 69% + zeolite 29 % + humic acids 2%), S4 (Azolla 68.5% + zeolite 28.5 % + humic acids 3.0%) and it was compared with a commercial substrate, S5 based on Sphagnum peat. The effect of the different substrates was observed where significant differences were observed between them. The greatest plant height was obtained with the substrate composed of 68.5% Azolla, 28.5% zeolite and 3.0% humic acids, with which the plants reached 2.52 cm and 3.2 cm at 15 and 30 days, respectively. Likewise, the number of leaves per plant (3.13 leaves), root volume (0.45 ml), germination percentage (95.70%) and useful plants (92.67%) were observed with the same substrate, whose values were significantly equal to those obtained with the commercial substrate. Although the costs for obtaining the different substrates did not show significant differences, the use of substrates based on Azolla enriched with zeolite and humic acids is suggested, since these are products that are easily available in the area.Item Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 15 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.44. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Evaluación de diferentes tipos de sustratos en la germinación de semillas de lechuga crespa (Lactuca sacriola var.Sativa L)(2024-08) Gamboa Mancheno, Wagner Angelo; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueOn a global scale, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular vegetables in the daily diet, due to its wide-ranging health benefits. However, factors such as the lack of investment to improve cultivation methods have discouraged production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop production and productivity. In the present study, the effect of different substrates (worm humus, chicken manure and rice husk) on the germination of semigreen curly lettuce seeds was evaluated. These were compared with a control treatment (soil). In each treatment, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 6 days. In addition, the length of the roots, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter were evaluated at 20 and 25 days after the emergence of the seedlings. According to the results obtained, both the germination percentage and the root length were affected by the type of substrate, being higher than the control in all types of substrates. Additionally, the root length and dry matter of lettuce seedlings were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from the three types of substrates. In addition, an economic analysis of each of the treatments was carried out, in which the total income, net benefit per treatment and the benefit-cost ratio were calculated, where T2 obtained the lowest costs with $13.82 and reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0.30. Based on the results obtained, field studies are required to validate this researchItem Influencia de sustratos orgánicos sobre la germinación de (Brassica oleracea L. var. Milán) en el cantón Pangua el Corazón(2023-09) Yanchapanta Aguaiza, Gladys Dalida; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe present investigation was carried out with the purpose of obtaining new methodological alternatives that influence the germination of cabbage seedlings (Brassica oleracea L.var. Milan), with organic fertilizers from agricultural residues such as (corn, cocoa and banana) with a percentage of worm humus mixtures of (60% - 40% and 50% - 50%). The investigation was carried out in the province of Cotopaxi canton Pangua El Corazón. The land is located at an elevation of 377m above sea level, its coordinates are: altitude: 1º8'12.45" S and Longitude: 79º13'13.60" W. The trial used a randomized block design (B.C.A) in a 3*2 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments and 6 repetitions. An analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% were performed. Data collection was carried out 32 days after sowing. Taking as results for the germination percentage variable, the treatment that stood out was T5 (60% plantain residue + worm humus 40%) with a percentage of 80%. While in the seedling height variable the treatment that stood out the most was T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a height of 8,12 cm, for the variable stem diameter and root volume the best result was obtained was treatment T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a stem diameter of 2,92 mm and 0,39 root volume. cc. That is, in the research carried out, the treatments that best stood out were T5 and T6.Item Evaluación del efecto del Bioestimulante FertuMax sobre la germinación, altura y componentes de rendimiento de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) Var. Temprana en el cantón Tisaleo.(2023-03) Guamán Tisalema, Lizbeth Gissel; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueCurrently, the application of biostimulants in crops is one of the methods that allows the stimulation of seed germination, increase its development, and improve harvest efficiency. The present research work was developed in the Agua Santa neighborhood, belonging to the Tisaleo Canton, with the purpose of evaluating the Fertumax Biostimulant, based on cytokinins and seaweed Ascophyllium nodosum, Sargasum sp. and Laminaria sp. In this experiment, 3 different doses of the Biostimulant were evaluated, (1.5 cc/l; 2.5 cc/l and 3.5 cc/l) and a control without Biostimulant, the application was made to the seed and in the flowering stage. A completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was executed, with 3 treatments and 4 repetitions plus 1 control, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at 5% were applied. The application of D2 (FertuMax 2.5 cc/l), was the treatment that presented significant statistical differences, therefore, it positively influenced the variables of height at 30 days, number of grains per pod, weight of pods and yield in green, obtaining means of 7 cm, 6.43 grains per pod, 597 g and 0.60 kg, respectively. In the variables germination percentage, plant height at 60 and 90 days, when performing the Tukey test at 5%, it was obtained that the results are statistically equal, however, it presented numerical differences, the best treatments were with 92 .75% for treatment D2 (FertuMax2.5 cc/l) and D3 (FertuMax3.5 cc/l), 16.50 cm and 37.75 cm, respectivelyItem Efecto de la aplicación de yodo en la germinación de semilla de cacao (Theobroma cacao)(2023-03) Rivera Gaibor, Truman Jeampier; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánCocoa is a plant of great economic importance worldwide, as it is the raw material for making chocolate. It is mainly cultivated in countries close to the equator on all continents, except Oceania. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to optimize its cultivation and maximize its potential. This can contribute to increasing production and improving the quality of cocoa, which in turn can have a positive impact on the economies of producing countries. In this study, the effect of agricultural iodine on the germination of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seeds was investigated. Different aspects of germination were examined, such as germination time, germination rate, mortality rate, plant height, and root length and volume. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks, and it was determined that agricultural iodine did not affect the germination time of the seeds and that high doses of iodine can negatively affect the germination and survival rates of the plants. However, it was observed that the immersion of seeds in a 5% agricultural iodine solution for 6 hours allowed for better results in terms of plant height, root length and root volume.Item Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos a base de subproductos agrícolas en la germinación de semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) variedad General(2022-09) Rumipamba Curicama, María Fernanda; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalAn agronomic evaluation of the feasibility of the production of vegetable seedbeds such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa) General variety was carried out, implanted in different substrates obtained from compost as a technological process for its production, the work was developed under greenhouse conditions. he composting phase was carried out on wooden crates, obtaining a total volume of 0.012 m3 per treatment, of which a volume of 0.009 m3 was used. The experimental design used contemplated a completely randomized block design and the ADEVA analysis of variance was applied, evaluating the characteristics of the substrates obtained with each biowaste and their effect on the dependent variables. Variables of germination vigor, plant development and quality of the substrates used were evaluated from bioresidues from the agricultural production of potatoes, corn and tree tomatoes in the province of Tungurahua. The substrates that allowed the best development of the plants in the lettuce crops were the mixture of potato residues plus a commercial substrate based on coconut fiber, with a vigorous plant development. The fact that the obtained substrates showed a C/N ratio close to or equal to the 20-25 range is highlighted, which predicts the fact that the influence exerted by the initial C/N ratio on the composting process and the action of the microorganisms obtained in the substrate. The seeds prepared with the best treatment germinated more quickly, presenting a larger seedling size, in addition to their growth being more vigorous, and their roots deployed more vigorously.Item Efecto de la aplicación de yodo en la germinación de semilla de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)(2022-09) Torres Guato, Freddy Alexander; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe tree tomato has its origins in the Andean forests of South America, in Ecuador this crop is of great importance for farmers because it favors their economy. However, obtaining new plants presents limitations such as a low germination percentage, more susceptible to pests and diseases. This makes clear the lack of knowledge of techniques necessary to germinate new plants, therefore the use of iodine for tomato seed germination was proposed in a completely randomized experiment where 9 treatments and a control with 3 replicates were evaluated, each treatment had different concentrations of iodine 1%, 5% and 10% submerged in 6, 12 and 24 hours, 10 samples were taken from each experimental unit, the data evaluated were: germination percentage with a 90. The greatest plant height was obtained in treatments A3B1 (10% iodine, 6 hours of immersion) with an average plant height of 13.18 cm and A2 B1 (5% iodine, 6 hours of immersion) with a height of 12.94 cm. The largest root volume was obtained with the A2B1 (5%, 6 hours of immersion) and A3B1 (10%, 6 hours of immersion) treatment with 0.27 cm3 for the two treatments. The greatest root length presented the A3B1 treatments (10% iodine, 6 hours of immersion) with an average root length of 24.25 cm. Treatment A1B1 (1% iodine and 6 hours of immersion) presented 0.6 ug/g of chlorophyll concentration, these data were obtained from planting.Item Evaluación de diferentes sustratos comerciales sobre la viabilidad de semillas de cebolla (Allium cepa L.)(2021-04) Montúfar Villacís, Klever Arturo; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisOnion (Allium cepa L.) is among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and popular for its extensive health benefits, however, some factors such as lack of investments to improve cultivation and irrigation methods have caused discouragement in production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop’s production and productivity. In this study, the effect of different commercial substrates (Terracult, Pindstrup Plus and Floragard) on the viability of Burguesa variety onion seeds was evaluated and then compared with a conventional substrate used as control treatment. In each substrate, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 5 days, in addition root length, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulb were evaluated at 15 and 30 days after emergence. According to the results, both the germination percentage and the germination speed were affected by the type of substrate, being superior to the control treatment in all types of substrates. Additionally, root length and bulb diameter (pseudostem) and fresh and dry weight of seedling were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from commercial substrates. All substrates shown to have a positive effect on the production of onion seedlings, however, field studies are required to validate the results obtained in the present investigation.Item Evaluación de bioestimulantes orgánicos como alternativa ecológica para accionar la germinación de semillas de Citrus x limón Variedad Rampur, en el cantón Ambato, parroquia Izamba(2016) Puca Morales, Fernanda Jacqueline; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThis research was conducted in order to increase the percentage of germination of seeds Citrus x lemon Var. Rampur, using organic biostimulant Urtica dioica L. and Taraxacum officinale. the design of complete random (DBCA) blocks used in 2X3X2 + 1 factorial arrangement with three replications. Data were statistically analyzed using statistical tools such as analysis of variance to achieve establish highly significant, significant and non-significant statistical differences and Tukey test at 5% for sources of variation were reported as significant. In the variable length of the radicle it was determined that treatment with the best results was P2T3D2 (Taraxacum officinale purines, 10 min immersion, 20 cc), averaging 2.60 cm at 10 days, 4.60 cm to 20 days and 5.40 cm length of the radicle 30 days. Because this treatment provided the most favorable conditions of concentration, time and adequate manure for better growth of the radicle. Seed vigor was determined at 10, 20, and 30 days of starting the experiment observed that treatment P2T3D2 (Taraxacum officinale slurry, 10 min immersion 20cc) had the best average values of 1,750; 2,240 and 2,400 respectively. The application of Taraxacum officinale slurry had a direct influence on germination percentage variable because this provided adequate humidity and concentration of organic biostimulants for better seed germination conditions. Once analyzed statistically variable germination energy we can conclude that it was influenced by the application of treatment P2T3D2 (Taraxacum officinale slurry, 10 min immersion, 20 cc) to 20 days of the experiment to an average of 4.00; while after 30 days treatment P2T2D1 (Taraxacum officinale slurry, 8 min immersion, 10 cc) had the best average of 7.30; s and 40 days Taraxacum officinale application stands out from other averaging 10.00. Descriptors: bioestimulante, Citrus x lemon, dose, germination, nettle, liquid manure, seed, taraxaco, dive time, vigor.