Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis del comportamiento mecánico de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibra de pelo de res y su posible aplicación industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Tonato Porras, Ángel Vinicio; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThis work was carried out to investigate the possibility of using animal fiber as a reinforcement in a polymeric material. The beef hair was obtained from the municipal abattoir of the city of Ambato that, not being used by the industry, becomes waste, which makes it attractive due to the easy availability and low cost, proving to be an alternative to synthetic fibers. The present investigation is based on the mechanical characterization of polyester matrix composite material reinforced with beef hair fiber, for which specimens were elaborated with volumetric fractions of 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, also with 70 percent matrix and 30 percent reinforcement. Long fiber was used with a longitudinal orientation at 0 degrees and 45 degrees, short fiber (10mm) with a randomly crisscrossed distribution. These specimens were tested to traction, flexure and impact under the specifications of ASTM D3039, ASTM D7264 and ASTM D5628 respectively, in order to determine the most suitable mechanical properties of the composite material and to be able to give use in the industry. From the analysis of the 6 groups of specimens that were subjected to their respective tests, it was determined that the composite material that presented the best results corresponds to group 1 which has a volumetric fraction of 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, with a long fiber configuration oriented to 0 degrees, obtaining a maximum tensile strength of 30.87 MPa , maximum to bending resistance of 55 MPa and 1.02 J of impact energy. It was also determined that this material can be applied in the automotive industry and in the furniture construction.Item Influencia de la exposición a la intemperie en la resistencia a la tracción, flexión e impacto de dos materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzados con fibra de abacá y plátano(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Francisco Javier, Oquendo Lazo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe present experimental work has the determination of analysis the influence of outdoor exposure under ASTM D1435-99 (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, average rainfall and UV radiation), time (zero to six months) angle of exposure (45 degrees) and type of fiber (abaca and banana), in the behavior of the mechanical properties of composite materials. By means of the elaboration of two composite materials made with a polyester matrix and abaca fiber and another of a polyester matrix and banana fiber, the probes with the following dimensions (length, width and thickness) are made for the tensile test 250x25 x4 mm under ASTM D3039-2017, bending specimens 160x13x4 mm under ASTM D7264 and 80x10x4 mm charpy impact specimens under NTE INEN-ISO 179-2 . The first test was carried out at the beginning of the study and the second after six months, the data of the climatological variations and the variations of the weights of the specimens were also recorded. With the help of the data obtained, it was possible to verify that there are variations in the mechanical properties of both materials in the tensile, flexural and impact tests. The results of the study are presented through a statistical and graphic analysis carried out in the experimental work.Item Optimización (Doe-Mezclas) del material híbrido con refuerzos de fibra de abacá, fibra de cabuya y fibra de vidrio de matriz de resina epóxica y su incidencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas a flexión, tracción e impacto(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Torres Mesias, David Esteban; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe following experimental work was aimed at finding new combinations of composite materials conformed of fiberglass (VF), abaca fiber (FA) and cabuya fiber (FC) with epoxy matrix. For this it was used different volumetric mixtures of reinforcements, the same ones that were considered as input parameters in the statistical analysis of mixtures to optimize the mechanical properties of the results of the different treatments. Specimens were made by compression stratification to then test them and obtain data generated by the Tensile tests (ASTM D3039 / D3039M-08), Flexural (ASTM D7264 / D7264M-07), and Impact (ASTM D5628-10, FE geometry), and thus treat them under parametric assumptions developing a reliable analysis. Once the data was established, it was analyzed by means of the design of mixtures; from which, the significance of the p - value located in the mixture regression table was verified, which was inferred for the generation of the optimization of the responses of the mixtures using the minitab software. In experimental work it was possible to establish the volumetric fractions that generated the best mechanical properties of the mixture; fiberglass 0.261 percent, abaca fiber 0.003 percent, cabuya fiber 0.036 percent and epoxy matrix 0.7 percent, fulfilling the foundation of a mixture of always being equal to one.Item Análisis numérico experimental de los componentes del material compuesto alternativo de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibras sintéticas utilizado para la fabricación y reparación de superficies de vuelo en las aeronaves del CIDFAE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Telenchana Flores, Manuel David; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe study of composite materials allows the use of new technological alternatives for the elaboration of aircraft elements. The analysis of these materials has a great value within the aeronautical field in view that the percentage of elements manufactured with this type of materials has been increasing, because the weight and operating costs of an aircraft are reduced. This research performs the characterization of the composite material of epoxy matrix reinforced with layers of flat fabric of synthetic fibers (carbon, aramid and glass) in different orientations which was achieved by combining manual stratification and vacuum, the compounds were subjected to tensile, bending and impact tests. In addition, a mathematical model is presented which predicts the elastic properties of the material based on a generalization of classical sheet theory. Finally, finite element simulation was used to contrast actual and experimental displacement results. The characterization and analysis of the tests determined that carbon fiber-reinforced compounds possess the best mechanical performance at traction and bending; however, aramid fiber-reinforced compounds have better impact resistance. The analytical method used to calculate elastic properties yielded results where the error percentage is in a range of 1percent-19 percent, while software simulation comparing the offset within the elastic zone yields error percentages not exceeding 0.2 percent.Item Análisis numérico/experimental del comportamiento mecánico a flexión de las ballestas recuperadas en frío empleadas en vehículos pesados HINO GD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Silva Buenaño, Christian Ramiro; Paredes Robalino, María BelénThe experimental work was based on the numerical / experimental analysis to flexion of the leaflets recovered in cold, the study arose thinking about the suspensions of the heavy vehicles that are widely used for their functionality since they support large loads, It has a low cost of manufacturing And maintenance. The arrow loss of the package is given to continuous work and when the load to which they are normally exposed is exceeded, causing loss of the mechanical properties of the steel with which they are manufactured. In “Talleres Silva” is known a procedure that has not been technically proven, It consists of disassembling the package of the chassis and differential to later dislodge the sheets one by one, the first sheet is the one that must be adapted to the ideal curve or to the to be curved, the rest of the sheets are slightly curved a little more than the first sheet with the purpose of leaving a small intermediate space, the last step is to fix the central bolt and then mount the vehicle. Bending tests were carried out in different working conditions, the data that was obtained were simulated through an FEA, making comparisons of the test to bending and it was determined if the recovery of leaf springs is feasible. In the flexion test together with the simulation by finite elements it allowed us to have more accurate efforts since the coefficient of rigidity depends on the deflection and in In this case, an error of less than 10% is maintained, except for the one of the new Vanderbilt package, this is because it had an arrow greater than the other three packages before carrying out the test and its deflection it has been affected proportionally with that of your initial arrow height.Item Caraterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con fibra de hoja de Yucca Elephantipes para la determinación de propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Pazmiño Guerrero, Christian Andrés; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe present experimental work deals with the elaboration of a new composite material of polyester resin matrix and fiber reinforcement of Yucca Elephantipes leaf, to determine the best mechanical properties that this gives us with the configurations of longitudinal fiber and short fiber in the different fractions volumetric proposals. It was considered to use the leaf of this plant because it is ornamental, it is rich in fiber and many times it is discarded without any use, then with the new composite material it is allowed to use the waste produced and collaborate with the environment. The tests were performed under the requirements of ASTM D3039-15 standards for traction, ASTM D7264-15 for flexure and ASTM D5628-10 for impact. The group of test pieces tested that showed the best mechanical properties was the volumetric fraction of 35% reinforcement and 65% of matrix with longitudinal fiber configuration. The main applications of this material are in the automotive industry for the manufacture of decorative parts for vehicles, for the furniture industry, etc. Their easy manufacture and molding allow them to replace traditional materials.Item Obtención de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster y lana de oveja para evaluar el comportamiento mecánico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Espín Medina, Christian Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelThe production of sheep wool is one of the natural resources that are not used at present, its cost is relatively low and friendly to the environment, so in the present experimental project a composite material was developed that is based on a polyester resin matrix and reinforcement configuration of sheep wool, in which two types of volumetric fractions were taken 70% matrix - 30% reinforcement and 60% matrix - 40% reinforcement, two types of configurations were also made of reinforcement: discontinuity to the longitudinal axis and discontinuity to the transverse axis. The manufacturing of the specimens was carried out in a compression steel mold. The tensile and bending tests were carried out in the Metalmecánico Carrocero Productive Production Center and the impact test was carried out in the Materials Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. By means of tensile, bending and impact tests performed on the specimens and under ASTM D3039-00, ASTM D7264-07 and ASTM D5628-10 standards respectively, the composite material that obtained the best mechanical characteristics was determined, being this group 2 the which is composed of 70% polyester matrix and 30% sheep wool, with a configuration of discontinuity to the transverse axis.Item Caracterización mecánica y numérica del material híbrido de matriz epoxi reforzada con tejido plano de fibra vegetal (algodón) y fibra natural (fibra de cabuya)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Pacha Guashco, Segundo Santiago; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe experimental work was based on the mechanical characterization of the hybrid matrix material of reinforced epoxy resin with layers of flat tissue between the fibers of cotton and fiber of cabuya with different orientations and different volumetric fractions, the study arose because at the present time the engineering of Materials presents great benefits for the technological and scientific development, which allowed to establish study of new materials with equal or better mechanical properties of the traditional materials that are used in the industry, and in this way replace the usual materials with new materials with the advantages In the weight and cost, with the group of specimens with better mechanical tensile characteristics was carried out a simulation by the method of finite elements using a software the same that was validated with real test and the percentage of error that existed between the results Obtained. The tests were performed under standards (traction-ASTM D3039, flexion-ASTM D 7264 impact-ASTM D5628) in this way was established the group of specimens with better mechanical properties of the cases studied. With the data of the real test and the corresponding analyzes, the material with better mechanical properties was established when subjected to the tests of tensile, flexion and impact was case 1 and case 2, case 1 conformed of 75% of epoxy resin as Matrix, as reinforcements 3 layers of flat tissue between the cotton fibers with the amount of 7.50% in angle of 90 ° and the fiber of cabuya with 17.50% in angle of 0 ° while the case 2 conformed of 70% Of epoxy resin as a matrix, as reinforcement 3 layers of flat tissue between the cotton fibers with the amount 7.50% in angle of 90 ° and the fiber of cabuya with 22.50% in angle of 0 °, the stratification of all the Specimens was compressed.Item Estudio del proceso de doblado de material compuesto por láminas de triplex y fibras de densidad media como material alternativo a la madera sólida y su incidencia en tiempos de producción de muebles(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015-04) Morales Cisneros, Klever Santiago; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge PatricioEn la presente investigación se realizaron ensayos de acuerdo a la norma ASTM D 143, para la caracterización del material compuesto y de la madera sólida, se realizaron ensayo de flexión estática y compresión perpendicular, para comparar las propiedades entre los dos materiales. Para el estudio de tiempos de producción se realizaron cursogramas analíticos de los procesos de fabricación actuales y propuestos. Para el proceso de doblado se tomaron en consideración todos los aspectos que influyen tales como los radios de curvatura, espesores, tipo de pegamento y carga aplicada para el conformado del material. Finalmente se determinó el tipo de prensa adecuada a utilizar, con los requerimientos de presión se seleccionó cada parte que conforma el sistema hidráulico también se diseñó de manera detallada cada uno de los componentes de la estructura, por último se llevó a cabo la construcción y se verifico el funcionamiento de la prensa.