Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Augusto N. Martínez de la nueva historia de Ambato, comprendida en la zona 10(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Vásconez Miranda, Thaís Nicole; Bayas Altamirano, Myrian MarisolThis study focuses on the evaluation of the road network in Zone 10 of the Augusto N. Martínez Parish, proposing a road maintenance plan aimed at improving infrastructure, safety, mobility, and the quality of life for residents, while fostering regional socioeconomic development. The rapid population growth and commercial activities in the area have heightened demands on the road network, exposing significant structural and functional deficiencies, such as crocodile cracking, longitudinal cracks, pavement wear, potholes, and block cracking. These issues impede traffic flow and pose safety risks for both pedestrians and drivers. Furthermore, the lack of detailed technical diagnostics and a structured maintenance plan has aggravated road deterioration and hindered community development. The research employs a three-phase technical methodology: first, georeferenced planimetric surveys of the roads using advanced RTK technology and specialized software; second, assessment of road defects and calculation of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) to classify roads by damage severity and determine necessary maintenance types; and third, preparation of a detailed intervention plan and budget, adhering to current standards and analytical findings. Results reveal the presence of 24 roads, totaling 5628.50 meters in length, 58.33 percentage with flexible pavement and 41.67 percentage unpaved. Common defects include crocodile cracking and longitudinal cracks. The PCI assessment classified the roads as "Good," indicating the need for periodic maintenance to prevent further degradation. A reference budget for interventions on flexible pavements was developed, providing a robust technical foundation for road planning. This proposal addresses the current needs of the parish and offers a replicable framework for managing urban road networks in similar areas.Item Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Ambatillo de la Nueva Historia de Ambato, comprendida en la zona 1.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Bonilla Bravo, Alexis Rafael; Acosta Lozada, Rodrigo IvánThe present investigation focused on the evaluation of the state of the roads in the Ambatillo parish, located in Tungurahua, with the objective of identifying deficiencies and proposing solutions for their maintenance. The roads in this area are experiencing rapid deterioration due to adverse weather conditions, which makes it necessary to have an efficient methodology to carry out precise diagnoses and intervention proposals. For this, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) was used as the main tool, complemented with image analysis, in order to optimize available resources and prolong the useful life of the road infrastructure, reducing costs and avoiding major problems in the future. The development of the thesis was carried out in three main phases. First, a topographic survey was carried out using high-precision technology to obtain accurate terrain data. Subsequently, information was collected and analyzed on the failures found in the 17 roads evaluated, which include flexible and cobblestone pavements. The failures were recorded, and the average PCI was calculated, obtaining the lowest value of 59, which indicates that some roads require urgent maintenance. Among the main failures identified were cracks and damaged paving stones, common problems in the area's infrastructure. Finally, detailed technical specifications and a budget were prepared to carry out the necessary repairs. The results obtained reflect the need for immediate intervention on certain roads in Ambatillo. It is recommended to carry out periodic evaluations to monitor the condition of the roads and apply preventive maintenance to avoid accelerated deterioration. Suggested solutions include sealing cracks and replacing damaged pavers. In addition, the importance of using high quality materials is emphasized, given the impact that climatic conditions have on road infrastructure. In conclusion, the need to implement a continuous maintenance plan is raised to guarantee the safety, durability and functionality of the roads in the Ambatillo parish, which would contribute to the well-being of the community and the reduction of costs in the long term.Item Elaboración de un plan de mantenimiento de la vía comprendida entre los barrios Danzapamba y San José de Barba la Y desde la abscisa 0+000 hasta 5+000, cantón Pujilí.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Guzmán Bayas, Rubén Alejandro; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolGiven the advanced deterioration of the Danzapamba and San José de Barba la Y neighborhood roads, the current safety and road infrastructure standards do not meet the technical requirements necessary to guarantee their optimal serviceability, for which a comprehensive and sustainable maintenance plan is proposed. This responds directly to the urgent need for adequate, modern and efficient road infrastructure for the continued progress of the inhabitants to ensure their safety and that of road users in general. To establish an effective road maintenance plan, we began with a thorough assessment of the road's current condition. This critical stage involved techniques such as topographic surveying with the aid of a high-precision RTK instrument, as well as detailed traffic studies and laboratory soil analysis. The evaluation of the Pavement Index (PCI) complemented this information, allowing the existing deterioration to be quantified. With this data, an optimal structural package for flexible pavements was designed and a reference budget was prepared, thus ensuring an efficient and long-lasting road intervention. After a thorough analysis, it was established that the evaluated road has an extension of 5 km, which is paved in its entirety, and it is expected that in the next 20 years an average of 6792 vehicles/day will circulate on it. Considering these characteristics, the road was classified as a class I road. The soil studies indicated an average CBR index of 16.50 percent, classifying the soil as fair to good for subgrade use. Based on this data, the flexible pavement was designed with a thickness of 5 cm of asphalt layer, 20 cm of base and 20 cm of subbase, thus obtaining a value of 45 cm of structural package. Finally, an economic analysis was performed, resulting in an estimated total project cost of $685.945,65.Item Diseño geométrico de la vía y del pavimento del tramo Calamaca – Chiquiurcu desde la abscisa 4+500 hasta la abscisa 9+000 perteneciente al cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Razo Guevara, Angie Nicole; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoIn Ecuador, mainly in the rural sector, there are territories that do not have an adequate road structure, where inadequate geometric designs and the lack of flexible pavement structures are present, affecting the growth and development of communities such as Calamaca belonging to the rural parish of San Fernando, since communication turns out to be an important factor in the advancement of a community, fulfilling a social, economic and geostrategic role by influencing equal progress, where the absence of these civil works leads to the isolation of communities, increasing the gap of inequality and poverty between the urban and rural sectors. To this end, the topographic strip was surveyed using topographic equipment consisting of a drone and an RTK, in addition to the study of vehicle traffic from data obtained from the manual counting of vehicles over a period of seven consecutive days including Saturday and Sunday. Also, soil studies were carried out such as: natural moisture content, granulometric analysis, Atterberg limits (liquid limit and plastic limit), modified Proctor and CBR, with which the physical and mechanical properties of the subgrade were determined, in order to carry out the geometric design following the Ecuadorian MTOP and NEVI-12 regulations, in addition to the application of the AASHTO-93 standard for the design of the pavement structure, to finish with the preparation of a reference budget. As a result, a projected TPDA of 141 vehicles/day was defined for a design period of 20 years, classifying the road as a class IV highway. In addition, thicknesses of 5 cm of asphalt layer, 15 cm of base and 25 cm of subbase were determined, established based on the design CBR of 12.5 percent determined with the Asphalt Institute method. Finally, the reference budget of $1,509,526.12 was established, obtained from the Unit Price Analysis of 13 items.Item Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Izamba de la nueva historia de ambato, comprendida en la Zona 25(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Sánchez Acosta, Jean Carlo; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThis project arose from the need to evaluate and improve the road network in Zone 25 of Izamba parish in Ambato, Ecuador. Growing urbanization and increased vehicular traffic have led to significant deterioration of the road infrastructure, affecting mobility, safety, and the economic development of the community. Inadequate maintenance not only increases travel time and fuel consumption, but also has a negative impact on commercial competitiveness and the quality of life of the inhabitants. In this context, the implementation of a road evaluation and maintenance plan based on rigorous technical criteria is warranted in order to establish sustainable strategies to improve traffic flow and guarantee the durability of roads. In addition, topographic and georeferenced analysis is key to designing an efficient intervention program that takes into account the current conditions of the infrastructure and the environmental factors that influence its wear and tear. For the execution of the study, a methodology structured in three phases was used. In the first phase, a georeferenced planimetric survey was carried out using equipment such as RTK and drones to obtain detailed images of the study area, which made it possible to identify the dimensions of the roads. The second consisted of collecting data on vehicular traffic through the Thirtieth Hour method, evaluating the volume of traffic at different times to determine the Average Daily Annual Traffic (ADAT) and project its future growth. Soil studies were also carried out, including moisture content tests, granulometric analysis, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor and CBR, in order to evaluate the structural capacity of the soil. In addition, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method was applied to diagnose the level of deterioration of the roads and define the type of intervention required. In the third, a reference budget was prepared for the execution of the maintenance works, considering the technical specifications and costs associated with road rehabilitation. The results of the study revealed that three roads are in very good condition and the remaining seven roads are in excellent condition, although some require preventive and corrective interventions to prolong their useful life. Recurrent failures such as cracks, longitudinal and transverse cracks, patches and aggregate detachment were identified, which can be addressed through sealing techniques, micro surfacing and asphalt resurfacing. In terms of traffic, there was a considerable flow of light vehicles, with peaks of heavier traffic in the afternoon, confirming the need for efficient road planning. In terms of soil structure, it was determined that the predominant material is silty sand, with good bearing capacity, which facilitates rehabilitation work. Finally, the analysis of the reference budget made it possible to estimate the intervention costs and define road maintenance strategies adapted to the needs of the area, guaranteeing the sustainability and functionality of the infrastructure in the medium and long term.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Isinliví y Chugchilán del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Gallardo Castañeda, María Paula; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis experimental work arises due to the limited existing information on soil analysis in the sector. Recognizing that such characteristics are crucial for the planning and execution of construction projects, a soil analysis was conducted in the parishes of Isinliví and Chugchilán, located in the Sigchos canton, Cotopaxi province. The results of this analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing correlations. To establish significant relationships, an exhaustive analysis was performed on 12 soil samples extracted from the study area. These samples were subsequently subjected to both field and laboratory tests. Once the results were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed; this data allowed for the establishment of correlations between various soil characteristics, providing detailed insights into their properties.In the subsequent correlation analysis between the different tests, 22 significant correlations were identified, with determination coefficients ranging from Good to Excellent. Notably, the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the natural moisture content yielded a coefficient of 72.27, which was utilized in the pavement design process. Finally, a traffic study was conducted in the area to formulate a flexible pavement design proposal. The CBR values employed were derived from both laboratory tests and those obtained through the correlations, confirming their suitability for application in the pavement design phase.Item Diseño geométrico y de pavimentos de la vía interparroquial Aláquez – San Marcos – Pilatan tramo 0+000 a 4+810 de la ciudad de Latacunga provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-07) Chulde Osorio, Bryan Alexander; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaThe Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Aláquez Parish of the Latacunga canton, in favor of territorial investment, has sought to improve the current conditions of its road network, with the purpose of enhancing the commercial attractiveness of small and medium-sized industries, as well as, the collective well-being of the sector, which will benefit from the positive impacts that an adequate road infrastructure attracts. For the project, multiple processes were carried out in order to obtain bases and resources that converge in the geometric and road pavement design, all of them based on the MTOP 003 and AASHTO regulations, starting with vehicle counting and traffic analysis. existing where the traffic variation was observed during a week, and future traffic was projected considering volumes of fuel consumption for a 20-year design period; This allowed the road to be classified as “Class III Collector”, subsequently the topographic survey of a total of 4.81 km was carried out, with slopes between 5 and 15 percent, in such a way that the relief was considered undulating. In addition, a total of 5 soil samples from 5 pits were tested to obtain their index and mechanical properties, which showed, as a general result, the presence of soil of excellent to good quality. Finally, after carrying out the design and considering the transversal drainage works, designed with rainfall information collected from precipitation and temperature bulletins from 2018 to 2021, the reference budget of the project was estimated, which is equal to $1,505,478.42.Item Evaluación del efecto de la adición de caucho vulcanizado triturado en mezclas asfálticas en frio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Quimbita Loma, Estefania Gabriela; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolAs the days go by, the problem of environmental pollution is a critical problem for society, so it has become necessary to create new techniques for recycling products that daily increase in the different deposits of our country, such as tires that are transferred to deposits for their final disposal, which do not have the technique for their elimination, resulting in a negative environmental impact, and can be used for the construction of roads. The purpose of this research is to add crushed vulcanized rubber in cold asphalt mixtures by elaborating 3 briquettes for the percentages of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 percent of rubber addition, with stone aggregate obtained from the Herrera quarry in the city of Latacunga, applying the Marshall method to obtain parameters that will later allow us to design a flexible pavement structure. Once the briquettes were made, we proceeded to test the stability and flow, giving the optimum percentage for the sample without rubber of 6.03, and with crushed vulcanized rubber 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 percent, with optimum percentages of 6.2, 6, 6.13, 6.03, and 5.9 percent respectively, indicating that as the percentage of crushed vulcanized rubber increases, the stability decreases but the flow increases, that is to say, the sample remains elastic. For the design of a flexible pavement structure, the thickness of the asphalt slab is 5 cm, for base of 10 cm and subbase of 10 cm.Item Evaluación de las vías urbanas en el cantón Ambato del sector comprendido entre la av. Galo Vela Álvarez, av. Albert Einstein, av. Benjamín Franklin, av. Thomas Alva(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Chico Alvarado, María Cristina; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroWithin the titling project, there is a need to evaluate the current state of urban roads in the Ambato canton, since its infrastructure is visibly affected due to the existing traffic load in the area. In the first place, a visual evaluation of the roads was carried out in order to determine the different types of faults present in the wearing course. For the analysis of the pathologies in the pavement, we proceeded with the collection of information where the geographical coordinates, the name of the road, the affected area and the level of deterioration were recorded. In addition, the PCI method was used within the most extensive roads to be able to determine the type of maintenance and their status. Within the study area, failures in flexible pavement were identified, where it was evidenced that the predominant failures are longitudinal and transverse cracks and block cracking. Once the data collection was completed, the information was entered into a database through the ArcGIS program, which allows the types of faults to be identified according to their geolocation and respective characteristics.Item Evaluación del estado de la capa de rodadura y su proyección en la conservación vial de Quero, Pelileo, Patate y Píllaro de la provincia de Tungurahua y su efecto en la conservación vial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Zambrano Cedeño, Alexander Israel; Frías Torres, Alex XavierIn this experimental project, the need for the province of Tungurahua to maintain the intercantonal road network is presented, since the people of Tungurahua must maintain the road network in good condition, being a central province in the country, it is key for socio-development. economic, intercommunication and tourism. In the experimental project presented, a georeferenced survey of the roads under study was carried out, where the coordinates were digitized, obtaining a 2D model. Afterwards, a visual study of the road was carried out applying the PCI (PAVEMENT CONDITION INDEX) method, finding 19 different types of failures on the road surface of the roads under study, these failures are in ranges of mild, medium and high. A solution is proposed that helps road conservation with rehabilitation; a modified pavement with PVC (vinyl plochloride) is proposed, where 1, 2 and 3 percent of fine aggregate was replaced by PVC. As a result, it was obtained that the average PCI is 60.34 percent on the Patate – Pillaro road, 71 in Pelileo – Patate, 81 in Quero – Salasaca and 83.5 in Patate – Baños, on the other hand the pavement modified with PVC using the MARSHALL test. for flexible pavements resulted in the addition of this material improving the mechanical characteristics of the flexible pavement with an optimal percentage of AC-20 of 6.5 percent and 3 percent of PVC, obtaining stability and flow values of 4469.21 lb, 13 percent hundred. cent respectively.