Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre cbr, dcp, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Moraspungo, cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Chica Torres, Marlon Adin; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaIn the province of Cotopaxi, numerous roads are covered with a granular or ballast layer, representing a viable alternative for connecting communities and facilitating transportation. However, these roads have an irregular and variable surface, requiring good traction for the vehicles traveling on them. This highlights the need to pave these local roads. Nevertheless, information regarding the index and mechanical properties of the soils is limited. This experimental study aims to correlate these properties for application in the design of flexible pavements, benefiting the Pangua canton and other areas with similar soils. In this experimental study, four roads in the Moraspungo parish were selected. Random road sections were chosen, and 12 soil samples were collected through open-pit excavation (each weighing 50 kg) after removing the vegetative layer. Field and laboratory tests were conducted, including correlation analysis between CBR, DCP, and index and mechanical properties, following AASHTO and ASTM standards. These analyses allowed us to determine the soil’s resistance and bearing capacity. Through the results and the application of analytical and exploratory research, simple and multiple correlations were obtained, along with their corresponding CBR values. Using these CBR values, the flexible pavement design and its structural layers were developed based on the AASHTO 93 methodology. Linear regression analyses identified simple and multiple correlations, considering only those exceeding 70 percent. Fourteen significant correlations were determined, with coefficients ranging between 0.710 and 0.999. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for one of the selected roads, with the following structural layer thicknesses: 6.5 cm for the asphalt layer, 15 cm for the base, and 20 cm for the sub-base. These values were obtained from laboratory tests and correlation analyses.Item Diseño geométrico de la vía que une las comunidades San Ramón - Yawintza pertenecientes a la parroquia 16 de Agosto, cantón Palora, provincia de Morona Santiago(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Escobar Masabanda, Luis Fernando; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoIn the province of Morona Santiago there are local roads that connect towns and require paved roads. That is why the objective of this technical work is the geometric and pavement design between the San Ramón and Yawintza communities with the 16 de Agosto parish head. The study area includes 5 kilometers of ballasted track. Soil was extracted from 8 pits to carry out soil mechanics tests with AASHTO, ASTM and SUCS regulations. At the site, the high-precision RTK topographic survey was carried out, progressively counting traffic for 7 days a week, the typical section of the project was determined based on the traffic study and we proceeded with the design of the flexible pavement structure using the AASHTO 93 regulations. The vertical and horizontal geometric design is based on current regulations MOP 2003 and NEVI 12, under CIVIL 3D design software. The minor works of art were designed based on the analysis of the vertical design and the hydrological study of the area of influence. Finally, the typical section of the project was determined for a Class IV Road, a terrain with flat terrain characteristics, the design speed of 60 kilometers per hour, and the flexible pavement structure with 5 centimeters of asphalt layer, 10 centimeters of base class 2, 10 centimeters of class 3 subbase.Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias las pampas y palo quemado, cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Nauque Villacís, César Alexander; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaThe main objective of this experimental work was to establish correlation equations between CBR (California Bearing Ratio), DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetrometer), and the index and mechanical properties of soils in the Las Pampas and Palo Quemado parishes of the Sigchos canton in the Cotopaxi province. The intention is to use these equations to obtain approximate values of soil properties and apply them in the preliminary design of a flexible pavement structure. It is important to note that this proposal does not aim to replace the standardized soil testing methodology. Achieving this objective was divided into three phases. In the first phase, four roads were selected from among the two parishes, with three boreholes per road for a total of twelve. In these boreholes, in-situ tests were conducted, and samples were extracted for laboratory analysis. Laboratory tests were performed on the twelve samples to determine the index and mechanical properties of the soils. For the second phase, correlations were established between these properties, considering those with a coefficient of determination greater than seventy percent as valid. Finally, in the third phase, the design of the flexible pavement structure was carried out for the road connecting both parishes under study. In this process, both the laboratory-obtained CBR and the CBR derived from a selected correlation were used. It is noteworthy that there was no difference, as for both methods, the design consisted of an asphalt layer of 10 cm, a base of 15 cm, and a subbase of 20 cm. It was concluded that there is not a good correlation between CBR and DCP, as the coefficient of determination fell outside the acceptable range.Item Análisis de las correlaciónes entre el CBR, DCP, las propiedades índices y mecánicas en los suelos de la parroquia Angamarca, cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Gomez Morales, Jhimy Alejandro; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlEn la provincia de Cotopaxi existen vías lastradas que unen localidades y requieren vías asfaltadas, la base de datos existente referente a propiedades índice y mecánicas del suelo es insuficiente. Es por ello que el presente trabajo experimental, tiene como objetivos ampliar la base de datos del suelo de la zona y determinar las correlaciones existentes de los suelos, siendo la principal correlación el ensayo California Bearing Ratio (CBR) y el ensayo Penetración Dinámica de Cono (DCP), debido a su incidencia directa en el diseño de pavimento flexible. El área de estudio comprende 4 vías ubicadas en la parroquia Angamarca del cantón Pujilí, provincia de Cotopaxi. Las vías que fueron objeto de estudio son de tercer orden elegidas estratégicamente. Se realizaron calicatas y se procedió con la extracción de 12 muestras de suelo representativo de la zona cada una de ellas de 50 kilogramos, en el sitio se procedió con los ensayos Cono de arena y DCP. Las muestras de suelo extraídas sirvieron para la determinación de las propiedades índices y mecánicas del suelo en laboratorio basados en las normas AASHTO, ASTM y SUCS. Los resultados fueron 25 correlaciones con un índice de correlación poisson mayor del 50 por ciento, siendo la correlación más importante la de 77 porciento correspondiente al ensayo DCP y CBR lo que indica un resultado aceptable. Finalmente, se diseñó el espesor del paquete estructural del pavimento con el método AASHTO 93. Obteniendo espesores de: capeta asfáltica 5 centímetros, base 10 centímetros y sub base 20 centímetros.Item Propuesta de un plan de rehabilitación de la capa de rodadura de la vía Cunchibamba – San Andrés, desde el tramo km 0+000 hasta km 4+400 entre los cantones Ambato - Píllaro, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Fuentes Salazar, Christian Patricio; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánDue to the poor condition of the asphalt layer of the road under study, the road rehabilitation plan is presented, which consisted of a georeferenced survey, using a GPS, a digital model of the road was built, the estimation continued through the location of a counting station for 7 days in 12-hour periods, the future TPDA was estimated for the road in a period of 20 years, maintaining its road classification according to the MTOP as a class III collector road. Through laboratory tests of the samples obtained every 1.0 km, it was found that the predominant type of soil on the road is "Silty Sand", with a general classification of CBR as "Good" subgrade. With the use of the Benkelman beam, a type of deflection III was obtained, which presents a "good" behavior of the subgrade and a "bad" behavior of the pavement. The determination of the state of the pavement consisted of a visual inspection considering the different types of anomalies existing on the road, ending with a total PCI of 30.86 percent, classifying the state of the road as "bad", requiring rehabilitation. The proposal to follow consists of a rehabilitation of the complete structure of the road, which includes 6 necessary items for a monetary value of 731,450.72 dollars, in order to improve the current state of the road and the safety and comfort of drivers.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP y las propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos del cantón Salcedo de la provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Jiménez Sisa, Paúl Fernando; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe following degree project is part of a macro research being carried out in the province of Cotopaxi, taking into account the cantonal division, which seeks to determine correlations between the different index and mechanical properties of the soil, mainly considering the DCP and CBR test, in order to obtain the same results of the CBR, but in less time and cost by means of the DCP test. The tests are determined from twelve soil samples collected in Salcedo canton, Cotopaxi province. The tests performed in situ are: open pit, field density by the Ottawa sand cone method and the dynamic penetration test. The tests performed in the laboratory are: Atterberg limits, specific gravity, granulometry, modified proctor type B and CBR. The results obtained from the tests are analyzed to determine the type of soil and its characteristics. Twenty correlations were obtained, applying simple regression and least squares statistical methods; these correlations were good to excellent, with coefficients of determination between 60 and 94 percent. To finalize the project, the design of the flexible pavement was carried out, using the CBR obtained in the laboratory and the CBR calculated with the proposed correlations. The same characteristics were obtained in both designs, thus confirming that the correlations are acceptable and can be used for the pre-design of the asphalt.Item Ampliación de la vía El Deseo – Punta Brava tramo 24+000 a 28+000 perteneciente al cantón Pangua de la provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Chico Arroba, Lady Jissel; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánIn order to improve road conditions in the sector, this technical project for the expansion of the El Deseo - Punta Brava road was carried out, which began with a reconnaissance visit to the road for the subsequent topographic survey with a total station, in the that the characteristics of a mountainous relief have been identified. Through the traffic count, a projected TPDA was determined for a design period of 20 years, based on which, the road has been classified as class III, geometrically designed for horizontal, vertical and transversal design in accordance with the parameters and recommendations of the 2003 MOP regulation. For the correct design of the road, soil tests have been carried out for each kilometer in which the moisture content, granulometry, Atterberg limits, proctor test and CBR have been analyzed; used in the AASHTO 1993 method for the design of flexible pavement determined thicknesses of 20 cm for the sub-base, 15 cm for the base and 5 cm for the asphalt layer. As drainage works, standard structures have been designed for road drainage ditches and culverts and for existing waterways. Based on items for the execution of the project, a reference budget of 1471179.86 dollars was calculated without considering VAT.Item Diseño geométrico y del pavimento de la vía Calamaca - Chiquiurco desde la abscisa 0+000 hasta la abscisa 4+000 perteneciente al cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) Moreta Apuparo, Erika Yessenia; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlThe elaboration of the current technical project has as purpose the design of the road that connects the sectors of Calamaca and Chiquiurco, for promoting the socioeconomical, touristic and commercial development of the sector. The project includes the complete geometric design of the highway, its pavement structure, complementary works, and the estimation of the referential budget. It was necessary to carry out field works such as topographic survey, traffic study and soil analysis. The topographic survey of the road was carried out with the help of the Total Station, taking points of the axis and edge of the road and detailing points of interest such as buildings, culverts and watercourses. The traffic study was carried out through a manual vehicle count, obtaining a TPDA of 230 vehicles/day for the year 2041, classifying the road as a Class IV country road. The geometric design was carried out according to the topography of the terrain and based on the MTOP 2003 and NEVI-12 standards. While for the pavement design, the corresponding laboratory testgs were performed and, applying the AASHTO-93 Method, the thicknesses of the different layers of the pavement structure were obtained. In addition, drainage works were designed, such as gutters and sewers, which contribute to preserve the road by controlling and evacuating the surface water. Finally, the referential budget for the project was estimated, establishing the items, volumes of works and technical specifications.Item Evaluación de la geomalla en base de fibra de coco para la estabilización de taludes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Ases Caizabanda, Mayra Elizabeth; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolThe present experimental work proposes to stabilize a slope using a coconut fiberbased geogrid. We proceeded to obtain four samples, one in each pit, located in four specific points of the Slope of the Curva Brava located in the Santa Rosa parish, Ambato canton, the coconut fiber was acquired from the Ambato canton, the collected samples turned out to be enough to perform the tests. Field and laboratory tests were carried out to determine physical and mechanical properties of each sample. To identify the type of soil, a granulometric analysis and the determination of the Atterberg Limits were carried out using the tables of the Unified Soil Classification System (SUCS). The meshes were made by detaching the fibers from the coconut and allowing the climate to dry to facilitate the handling of the fiber. The dimensions of the fibers were 1m x 1m, with a separation of 15cm, 4 meshes were assembled in different directions and 45m of coconut fiber were used for all meshes. For the evaluation, the characteristics and properties of the soils were analyzed, results that were not favorable, but with the implantation of coconut fiber, the vegetal layer of the soil improved and thus avoid the erosion that exists in the Slope. Coconut meshes are a future environmental alternative to stabilize slopes.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP y las propiedades índice y mecánicas de los suelos de las parroquias: Chiquicha, El Rosario, Salasaca, García Moreno y Benítez del cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Cevallos Núñez, Luis Adrián; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaFor the present research study, 12 subgrade soil samples were collected from different roads of the San Pedro de Pelileo canton, carrying out in situ tests corresponding to: Field density and DCP penetration index and in the laboratory the tests of: Moisture content , Specific Gravity, Granulometry, Atterberg Limits, Modified Proctor and CBR to determine their index and mechanical properties. Based on the data obtained, a statistical regression analysis was performed between 2 and 3 variables, obtaining as a result 25 correlation equations with relatively good reliability coefficients that vary between 63 and 98 percent. The different equations proposed will serve as support to verify and contrast the results obtained through tests, they will also serve as a basis for the preliminary design of the pavement structure. Finally, a comparison was made between two flexible pavement designs based on the values of the laboratory CBR and the correlated CBR, obtaining as results the same thicknesses of the pavement structure in the two designs, due to the fact that they present a minimal variation between the two. values. The proposed thicknesses are: sub-base layer = 15 cm, base layer = 10 cm and asphalt layer = 5 cm.