Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/898

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Análisis de las propiedades físico-mecánicas y resistencia de los suelos con la incorporación de la ceniza de hoja de bambú
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-03)
Santamaria Chávez Franklin Alexis
;
Ortiz Montero Santiago Andrés
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
The present research aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties and the strength of two types of soil through the incorporation of bamboo leaf ash (BLA) in proportions of 4 %, 5 %, and 6 %. Two soils of different origin were analyzed: one extracted from the city of Ambato, classified as clayey sand (SC), and another from Santa Clara, classified as silt of medium-low plasticity (ML). The study was carried out in three phases: the characterization of the soils in their natural state, the incorporation of ash in the three indicated proportions, and the technical comparison of the results to determine the optimum proportion of addition. Tests of moisture content, particle-size analysis, Atterberg limits, standard Proctor, and CBR were performed. With the ash, the CBR of both soils increased. That of Ambato rose from 7.90 % to 15.40 % with 5 % ash, and that of Santa Clara from 2.58 % to 5.40 % with 4 %. In the Ambato soil, the behavior became non-plastic upon adding 4 % ash, whereas in the Santa Clara soil the plasticity decreased as each proportion was added. It was concluded that the optimum percentage of ash depends on the type of soil.
Análisis experimental de la estabilización de suelos arenosos del sector La Libertad de Huachi Grande mediante la adición de cal, cemento y ceniza de totora: evaluación de propiedades físicas y mecánicas y su aplicación en infraestructura vial
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-03)
Altamirano Villacís Katherin Ibeth
;
Acosta Lozada Rodrigo Iván
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
This research evaluates the effect of adding totora reeds as an alternative stabilizer for improving sandy soil intended for road subgrades and compares its performance with the results of stabilization using lime and cement. The study arises from the need to develop sustainable alternatives that overcome dependence on conventional materials and evaluate innovative and environmentally responsible solutions with a construction approach that allows for the development of more efficient infrastructure aligned with environmental sustainability criteria. The experimental work was developed based on the physical and mechanical characterization of the soil in the La Libertad sector of the Huachi Grande parish. It was determined that the soil corresponds to a poorly graded sand (SP) according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and to a granular material type A-3 according to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Resources (AASHTO) system. Regarding the mechanical properties, a CBR of 14.40% was obtained, classifying it as a fair subgrade. Subsequently, the physical and mechanical properties of the soils were evaluated with additions of 5%, 10%, and 15% lime, cement, and cattail ash. The results showed that all three stabilizers improved the soil's bearing capacity, reaching a maximum CBR value of 240.00% with the 15% cement addition, while lime reached a maximum value of 62.40% with a 10% dosage. Cattail ash achieved a maximum CBR of 24.10% with a 10% ash content. Finally, the technical and economic feasibility analysis concluded that totora ash is the best alternative for stabilizing the subgrade of sandy soils, since according to the CBR value it is determined to be a very good subgrade, while stabilization with lime and cement results in a good and very good base, which are considered oversized for the established objective of stabilizing the subgrade, and the cost is high compared to that of stabilization with totora ash.
Análisis comparativo de las propiedades físico-mecánicas y la resistencia de suelos de la costa y sierra, estabilizados con ceniza de caña de bambú al 2%, 3% y 5%.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-03)
Yánez Barrionuevo Dayana Mercedes
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Bayas Altamirano Myriam Marisol
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties and the strength of two types of soil through the incorporation of bamboo cane ash (CCB) in proportions of 2%, 3%, and 5%. Two soils of different origin were analyzed: one taken from Santo Domingo, in the coastal region (M1), classified as clayey sand (SC, A-6), and another from San Bartolomé de Pinllo, Ambato, in the highland region (M2), also classified as clayey sand (SC, A-2-4). The study was carried out in three phases: characterization of the soils in their natural state, incorporation of ash at the three indicated percentages, and technical comparison of the results. Moisture content, particle-size analysis, Atterberg limits, standard Proctor, and CBR tests were performed, and the ash composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). XRF revealed an ash dominated by potassium, with little silica and almost no calcium, which does not meet the requirements for a pozzolan (ASTM C618). With the ash, the plasticity index of both soils decreased, but the CBR dropped sharply: that of Santo Domingo fell from 6.21% to 1.12% with 5% CCB, and that of San Bartolomé from 15.66% to 2.01%, with losses greater than 80%. It was concluded that, under the conditions tested, bamboo cane ash (CCB) is not an effective stabilizer for these soils, since it acts as an inert filler that reduces their bearing capacity.
Influencia de la ceniza de cáscara de Musa paradisiaca (plátano verde) en la mejora de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de los suelos para estabilización
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-01)
Criollo Camacho Jonathan Daniel
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Pérez Maldonado Ruth Lorena
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
This research evaluated the potential of Musa paradisiaca peel ash (MPPA) as a sustainable stabilizing agent for improving the geotechnical performance of road subgrades in Ecuador. The study was motivated by the need to identify cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for enhancing soils with limited bearing capacity. Two soils with contrasting characteristics were analyzed: a poorly graded silty sand (SP-SM, A-2-5) obtained from Quisapincha and a highly plastic silt (MH, A-7-5) collected from San José. The methodology included the physical and mechanical characterization of the natural soils, followed by the evaluation of mixtures containing 4%, 8%, and 12% MPPA. Laboratory testing comprised grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. The results indicated that an 8% MPPA content was the optimum dosage for both soils. In the Quisapincha soil (M1), the CBR increased from 13.80% to 23.00%, representing a 66.7% improvement in bearing capacity. In the San José soil (M2), the CBR increased from 7.15% to 16.30%, corresponding to a 127.97% improvement. Furthermore, the plasticity index decreased from 14.25% to 9.74%, indicating enhanced soil stability. The findings demonstrate that MPPA is an efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable alternative for soil stabilization. Its incorporation significantly improves the geotechnical properties of both granular and fine-grained soils, increasing their suitability for road infrastructure applications, with more pronounced benefits observed in fine-grained soils
Análisis comparativo de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de dos suelos naturales y estabilizados con ceniza de la planta de arveja
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-06-30)
Garcés Calapiña Alex Fabian
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Cevallos Cabrera Jorge Washington
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
The objective of this research was to comparatively analyze the physical-mechanical properties of soils from Mera (Pastaza) and Unamuncho (Tungurahua), stabilized with pea plant ash (CPA) at percentages of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. For the development of the study, moisture content, grain size analysis, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor, CBR, and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) chemical analysis tests were performed, guided by ASTM and AASHTO standards. The results showed that both soils are granular materials with fines, classified as A–2–4 (silty sand) according to the AASHTO system and SP–SM (poorly graded sand with silt) by the USCS system. The XRF analysis revealed that the pea plant ash (CPA) contains strong components of calcium (Ca) and silicon (Si); these elements facilitated a cation exchange that progressively decreased soil plasticity, and a pozzolanic reaction that increased the California Bearing Ratio (CBR). In Mera, the plasticity index decreased from 13.54% to 0.86%, and the CBR increased from 7.10% to 13.70% with 2.5% of pea plant ash (CPA). In Unamuncho, the plasticity index dropped from 5.66% to 3.25%, and the CBR rose from 10.25% to 14.10%. Likewise, a gradual increase in optimum moisture content and slight variations in maximum dry density were evidenced. The results allowed to conclude that the incorporation of 2.5% of pea plant ash (CPA) represents the optimum percentage and improved the physical-mechanical behavior of the analyzed soils, demonstrating its viability as a stabilizing material for subgrades in road projects.
Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Constantino Fernández de la nueva historia de Ambato, comprendida en la zona 11
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-29)
Silva Carrasco María Cristina
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Cañizares Proaño Byron Genaro
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
This technical project aims to evaluate the condition of the road network in the urban area of the Constantino Fernández Parish, Zone 11, in the Ambato canton, in order to determine its current state, identify deficiencies, and propose maintenance and rehabilitation solutions that improve mobility and road safety. The research stems from the progressive deterioration of several streets, characterized by potholes, cracks, wear and tear, and structural failures, a situation that affects traffic, increases vehicle costs, and limits the socioeconomic development of the population The methodology was developed in three phases. The first involved a georeferenced planimetric survey, recording of existing infrastructure, and a traffic study, using GNSS RTK, drones, and traffic count sheets. This stage allowed for the identification of 3,950.41 meters of roads within the study area. The second phase consisted of evaluating the pavement using the PCI method, identifying defects and their severity (low, medium, and high), and conducting soil tests (particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor, and CBR). The results indicate that the predominant soil is silty sand (SM), with 21.06% passing the #200 sieve and a plasticity index of 7.44%. Finally, the third phase included the unit price analysis (UPA) and the calculation of the reference budget for carrying out the maintenance and rehabilitation work. The results show that most of the roads are in Poor, Very Poor, or Severe condition, demonstrating a considerable decrease in their service capacity and road safety. The road with the greatest deterioration is SN6 Street, with the highest intervention costs due to the type and severity of its defects. Based on the identified damage and the technical-economic analysis, a total budget of USD 90.476,20 was developed to address the needs of Zone 11, encompassing numerous routine and preventive maintenance tasks, as well as complete rehabilitation of the most critical sections. These interventions will improve the functionality of the road network, optimize urban mobility, and enhance the quality of life for residents of the parish. The project concludes by emphasizing the importance of maintaining systematic records of road conditions, implementing ongoing maintenance programs, and strengthening local technical planning to ensure the sustainability of the road infrastructure.
Evaluación de la vía tramo uno, dos y tres ubicado en el sector el Lindero perteneciente a Yatzaputzán, parroquia Pilahuín, cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-19)
Morales Torres Erika Vanessa
;
León Arcos Jorge Lenin
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
On the road located in sector El Lindero belonging to Yatzaputzán, Pilahuín parish, Ambato canton, which corresponds to sections one, two, and three, given the unfavorable conditions that currently do not guarantee safe traffic for the population, an assessment was carried out to optimize its functionality and extend its useful life. As a starting point, a georeferenced topographic survey was carried out using RTK, recording 1500 points along 5,544 km, processed in Civil 3D. The average annual traffic (TPDA) was determined by a manual count carried out over seven days, in twelve-hour shifts, classifying the road within the Class III Collector category. Based on soil samples extracted in the field, granulometry, Atterberg limits, compaction, and CBR tests were carried out, identifying two types of soil: gravel and silty and clayey sands. The CBR values indicated a bearing capacity ranging from fair to poor. On the other hand, the surface evaluation using PCI considered 20 sampling units, of which 5 presented critical conditions. The score obtained, 54.90, placed the pavement in the Regular category, evidencing the need for intervention. The Benkelman Beam deflection test, carried out at 23 stations specified every 250 meters, reported a Type III deflection, rating the behavior of the subgrade as Good, but the behavior of the pavement as Poor. The results justify the implementation of rehabilitation measures and road safety improvements to promote mobility and user well-being. To this end, a Unit Price Analysis (APUS) proposal and a reference budget are proposed to guide road maintenance and improvement activities.
Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Izamba de la Nueva Historia de Ambato, comprendida en la zona 2
(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025)
Mejía Sánchez Dennis Wilman
;
Acosta Lozada Rodrigo Iván
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the road infrastructure at the request of the GAD, with the aim of obtaining detailed data and information on the current condition of the various roads in Zone 26 of the Izamba parish in the Ambato canton, and to determine the necessary interventions for each road. A detailed database was created for the GAD Ambato based on the various failures observed in flexible pavement, which were obtained through a field inspection and recorded using the UTM Geo Map and Timestamp Camera applications on a phone. This facilitated the implementation of road maintenance works according to the interventions and recommendations suggested by the road evaluation. The process was carried out in three phases, with the following activities: Phase One: Topographic survey of the area using RTK equipment in conjunction with a drone. The data was then processed using specialized software to create a detailed map of the area, which included the roads, sidewalks, curbs, drainage systems, and even the irrigation channels present. Phase Two: The evaluation of the road infrastructure was performed using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which allowed for the classification and determination of the severity of the observed failures based on sampling units. This allowed the identification of the necessary works to restore the functionality of the roads, ensuring proper and comfortable vehicle mobility for the area’s residents. These failures were recorded using the aforementioned applications, and all data was georeferenced. As a result, complementary studies were carried out, including the Annual Average Daily Traffic (TPDA), soil study, and CBR testing. This data was then used to develop the design for the road infrastructure, with suggested thicknesses for its implementation according to AASHTO 93, MTOP, and NEVI standards. Phase Three: After completing the road evaluation, a reference budget was prepared based on the recommendations for the works and interventions needed for road maintenance and rehabilitation in Zone 26 of the Izamba parish in the Ambato canton.
Mejoramiento del camino vecinal pista Hualino - Selva Alegre, ubicado en la Parroquia Simón Bolívar de la Provincia de Pastaza
(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025)
Montúfar Guevara Javier Andrés
;
Cañizarez Proaño Byron Genaro
Understanding that it is important to improve the national road network to ensure the transportation and supply of goods. Historically, the Ministry of Public Works and governmental entities have concentrated on building and maintaining the first and second order roads that connect the main cities and municipal capitals, ignoring the third order roads, which are the basis of the entire transportation infrastructure network. Researches such as the present one are proposed with the objective of improving the Pista Hualino - Selva Alegre road, located in the Simón Bolívar Parish of the Pastaza Province. It is intended to meet this objective through the design parameters survey, including information on traffic, soil and topography of the area, as well as the improvement of the pavement based on AASHTO 93 standard. The research determined the traffic in number of accumulated equivalent axles (W18 design) of 51,341, obtaining the design consisting of the following thicknesses: subbase layer = 16.1 cm, base layer = 5.1 cm and asphalt binder = 4.3 cm. In addition, a reference budget summarizing the total cost of the work is detailed, which is broken down into different items.
Evaluación de la Red Vial en el Área Urbana de la Parroquia Izamba de la Nueva Historia de Ambato, Comprendida en la Zona 31
(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025)
Tarco Laica Daysi Del Pilar
;
Acosta Lozada Rodrigo Iván
The road infrastructure of a city is essential for its economic and social development. In this context, studies were conducted that revealed the deterioration of the roads in the analyzed sector, compromising the safety and reliability of users. The analysis began with the determination of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) for the roads in zone 31. Subsequently, the current and projected Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) was evaluated, complemented by tests such as natural moisture content, granulometry, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Based on these results, a maintenance plan was proposed according to the identified damages. The study projected traffic over a 20-year period for the roads requiring intervention, including Ciro Peñaherrera Street, Pedro Vásconez Avenue, and Julio Castillo Street, with traffic volumes of 747, 2049, and 1166 vehicles, respectively. According to the MTOP 2003 classification, these roads are categorized as collector roads, which will help improve mobility in the surrounding areas. Soil tests indicated that the subgrade consists of high-quality clayey sand, providing a suitable base for road rehabilitation. Finally, the estimated cost to implement the maintenance plan amounts to 801,980 US dollars and 51 cents, which will enhance traffic conditions and extend the lifespan of the road infrastructure.

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