Ciencias de la Salud
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Item INTERVENCIÓN MULTICOMPONENTE EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON RIESGO DE SÍNDROME DE FRAGILIDAD(2025-06-17) Ushco Baño, Sandy Dayana; Espín López, Valeria Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that aging is an irreversible process that human beings experience, it is associated with a decrease in muscle and bone mass. Since it causes a gradual deterioration of physical, cognitive and psychological functions. Objective: Determine the effectiveness of the multicomponent intervention in older adults at risk of frailty syndrome Methods: The research is quantitative, quasi-experimental design, longitudinal section, descriptive scope, it was carried out at the Sacred Heart of Jesus Nursing Home, Ciudadela neighborhood. Spain, in the period March - June 2024, the sample was 23 older adults. A pre and post test was assessed using the Barthel Index, Reduced Battery for the Assessment of Physical Performance (SPPB) and walking speed, where informed consent was obtained for the same, for this the SSPS program version 26.0 was used for the analysis of data. Results: The minimum age of the sample was 67 to 92 years. It was evident that at the beginning 60.9% presented moderate dependence, after the intervention it reached 34.8%. Regarding the moderate limitation at the beginning it was 34.8%, after the intervention it was 30.4%. Conclusions: Older adults who completed the multicomponent exercise program improved their physical condition, physical and functional dependence, which highlights the importance of implementing this intervention for healthy aging.Item INTERVENCION DE ENFERMERIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES CON INSOMNIO(2025-06-17) Muso Eugenio, Erick Rubén; Espín López, Valeria Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: aging is loosely related to the chronological age of the person and in turn to the loss of physical, functional, psychological and social capacities. Sleep is a physiological process of fascination and of vital importance for the comprehensive health of the human being, the aging process alters the stages of sleep, which in the long term has side effects and represents economic costs for those older adults who are prescribed with pharmacological treatments. The amount of sleep remains constant throughout adult life, which is why doctors recommend that older adults sleep 7 to 8 hours a day to meet their sleep needs. There are sleep problems in older adults and one of them is insomnia, which is reflected in their daily lives, which is why music therapy appears as a non-pharmacological treatment to help reduce insomnia. Objetive: to evaluate the effect of nursing intervention in older adults with insomnia. Method: this research is quantitative, quasi-experimental in design, longitudinal and descriptive in scope. It was carried out in a period between April 2024-June 2024, in the province of Tungurahua, Canton Ambato, Parroquia La Matriz, Neighborhood Ciudadela España. The sample was 21 older adults from the Hogar de Ancianos Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: the results obtained in this research demonstrate that music therapy as a nursing intervention has positive effects on older adults with insomnia. Conclusion: with the application of the Athens Test before and after the music therapy sessions, a significant improvement was shown in various aspects of sleep, such as difficulty falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings and total sleep duration.Item RESTRICCIÓN CALÓRICA Y MIMÉTICOS EN EL ENVEJECIMIENTO(2025-06-16) Díaz Núñez Kevin Paúl; Cevallos Teneda Andrea Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: The aging of the global population has driven the search for strategies to prolong health and delay age-related diseases. Calorie restriction, which reduces caloric intake without malnutrition, is the most studied geroprotective dietary intervention. However, the difficulty of maintaining it has directed research toward drugs that mimic its effects, known as calorie restriction mimetics. Objective: To examine the potential of calorie restriction and its mimetics to delay aging, evaluating their impact on health and longevity, and analyzing their scientific basis and potential therapeutic applications. Methodology: A qualitative literature review based on literature on calorie restriction and its mimetics in relation to aging. Data was compiled from scientific databases such as PubMed, LILACS, and Cochrane, focusing on clinical studies from the last five years. The findings are summarized in a narrative review. Results: Calorie restriction showed significant improvements in health and longevity in experimental and human models, reducing weight, insulin levels, body temperature, and oxidative stress. It promoted autophagy by inhibiting mTOR and activating AMPK. Calorie restriction mimetics, such as metformin and rapamycin, also demonstrated anti-aging effects by modulating nutrient-sensing pathways and reducing oxidative damage, suggesting their potential as alternatives to calorie restriction. Conclusion: Calorie restriction and its mimetics have been shown to promote longevity and muscle quality by activating key metabolic pathways in the aging process. Although they act differently, they promote autophagy and antioxidant protection, suggesting the need for combined approaches to optimize their antiaging effects.Item TERAPIA CON CÉLULAS MADRE MESENQUIMALES PARA REGENERAR Y REPARAR EL CARTÍLAGO DAÑADO EN LA ARTROSIS(2025-06-13) Guanoluisa Andagua, Erika Elizabeth; Estrada Zamora, Esmeralda Maricela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaOsteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, multifactorial pathology that mainly affects older adults. It is projected that by 2050 there will be 1.6 billion people in this age group, which makes the development of a useful therapy for OA essential in its development. OA mainly affects cartilage, damaging and weakening it, causing chronic pain, inflammation and a loss of quality of life for the patient who suffers from it. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits of new therapies focused on cartilage regeneration, such as regenerative therapy with mesenchymal cells (MSC) with the aim of being considered as an option in our country to treat these patients. This is a systematic review of the bibliography, of a qualitative nature, of books and scientific publications that have been published during the last 5 years in English and Spanish on therapy with mesenchymal cells to regenerate and repair damaged cartilage in osteoarthritis. databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO. MSCs are an innovative therapeutic that still require more studies in order to provide the greatest therapeutic benefit in OA. The most effective MSCs are autologous ones since they have lower rejection rates and greater regenerative benefit. The best route of administration is localized as it specifically promotes cellular benefits in the affected tissue.Item Dependencia funcional y su relación con la depresión en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2022-09-01) Chicaiza Lasluiza, Stalin Alexander; Gaibor González, Ismael Álvaro, Ps. Cl. Mg.This research project was carried out with the objective of identifying the relationship between the level of functional dependence and depression in older adults. It was a cross- sectional correlation study in 91 older adults. The Barthel Index for Functional Dependence and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale for Depression were applied. Statistical analysis showed that there was an inversely proportional relationship between functional dependence and depression, i.e. the lower the level of dependence, the greater the presence of depression. Regarding functional dependence, 46.2% were moderately dependent and regarding the prevalence of depression, 36.3% were probably depressed and 34.1% were depressed. No statistically significant differences were found between men and women in functional dependence. Older adults with total dependence are more likely to present established depression.Item Factores que influyen en la aceptación de la nueva condición de adulto mayor en una parroquia rural(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-03-01) Sánchez Freire, Alejandra Monserrath Md.; Meléndez Herrera, Mónica Cecilia Dra. Esp.The research focused on determining whether ethnic self-identification and sex influence the acceptance of aging in older adults in the Pilahuín parish. The methodology applied in the present investigation has a quantitative approach, in addition, it had an analytical investigation with a descriptive and correlational scope. For the research, the adult population over 65 years old belonging to the different communities of the Pilahuín Parish was considered, the sample was determined by EPI INFO with a total of 206 participants, calculated with confidence limits of 5%, design effect equal at 1, confidence level of 95% and expected frequency of 50%, it is concluded that there is no significant value between the study variables, thus understanding that gender or ethnic self-identification influence the acceptance of aging.Item Programa de entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio en el club de adultos mayores del cantón Patate(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-02-01) Robayo Jácome, Alejandra Estefanía; Robalino Morales, Gabriela Estefanía Lcda Magister,Pulmonary rehabilitation is a widely used protocol in different population groups, also including older adults. With these people, aging creates generalized muscle deficit, as well as respiratory muscle involvement. Thus, inspiratory muscle training is the treatment of choice for a significant improvement in inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, exercise tolerance, functionality and independence in activities of daily living, and better psychosocial development. The aim of this research has been to design a training program based on the scientific evidence which supports its validity and that turns it into applicable for clinical practice, promoting a high degree of reliability under a prior review by experts. The early establishment of this type of treatment model in older adults may prevent adverse results associated with the loss of respiratory muscle mass which trigger future hospitalizations in future years, thus protecting the integrity of their health.Item Estimulación Cognitiva para personas adultas mayores en situación de pobreza.(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-09-01) Valencia Sánchez, Nilda Jazmina Ps. Cl.; Cueva Rubio, María AugustaPs. Cl. Mg.The objective of the current study was to implement a cognitive stimulation program that favors the development of autonomy and prevents cognitive deterioration in older adults living in poverty in the town of Juan Benigno Vela, for which a design of A quasi-experimental research with a quantitative approach of a longitudinal type and descriptive scope, twelve older adults participated and due to the health emergency, there was no control group. Cognitive function was measured by the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), 1975. The intervention was carried out during ten sessions, in ten consecutive weeks, with an average duration of forty-five minutes. For the data analysis, the SPSS version 24 program is used. It was shown that cognitive stimulation significantly improves the cognition of the elderly (t = 5.29; p = .000), finding a significance in time orientation (t = 6.51; p = .000), orientation in space (t = 4.05; p = .002), attention in calculation (t = 3.34; p = .007), deferred memory (t = 3.44; p = .005), comprehension and execution of an order (t = 2.55; p = .027) and copy of a drawing (t = 2.35; p = .039). It is concluded that cognitive stimulation for older adults strengthens autonomy and independence in daily living activities and preventing cognitive deterioration.Item Plan de ejercicios de equilibrio y coordinación para evitar caídas en el adulto mayor(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-07-01) Ortiz Reyes, Gabriela Maribel Lcda, Ft.; Velasco, Luis Córdova Dr. Esp. Mg.Considering that over the years, the elderly present various health states, where falls is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality caused by loss of balance and decreased mobility, causing development in the elderly from disabling diseases and even death; In addition, it represents high social health expenses; that can be avoided and reduced by means of an adequate intervention, it was proposed to analyze the effects of a balance and coordination exercise plan on the frequency of falls in the elderly, and the level of dependence they present. Therefore, a quasi-experimental study was carried out in 23 Ecuadorian older adults between 65 and 85 years of age; under a longitudinal design with two measurements before and after the intervention; A systematic review was carried out in databases such as PubMed, PEDro, Scielo, Medline, Medigraphic, and Science Direct, where 50 articles were obtained from keywords and from these 20 eligible scientific articles that supported the exercise plan, to determine The effectiveness of the exercise plan was evaluated for the risk of falls with the Tinetti scale and the Times Up and Go test (TUG); while the level of dependency was evaluated with the Barthel index. The data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed for the verification of the hypothesis through the statistical program SPSS V22 from IBM, finding significant differences before and after the intervention in the Tinetti scale (0.001) and in the Barthel index (0.046). ; while in the TUG test there were no significant differences. Being able to conclude that coordination and balance exercises are effective in preventing the risk of falls in this group of older adultsItem Influencia del cuidado familiar en la capacidad funcional de adultos mayores de la parroquia Picaihua.(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Toro Portero, Sofía Elizabeth, Md.; Mayorga Ortiz, William Rubén Dr. EspAt present, a significant increase in the population of the elderly is estimated and according to the United Nations it is estimated that by 2025 worldwide it is in an accelerated process of aging that can reach 11 billion older adults, and at the level In Latin America, this value will quadruple, creating the appropriate importance at the level of primary health care because new challenges will be raised that help maintain functional capacity, this is measured by quality of life because aging is considered as a natural that occurs in life in an accelerated way (1). To analyze this problem it is necessary to mention that there are figures that illustrate the demographic behavior of population aging. According to the United Nations, the calculation is obtained that in 1950 there were around 200 million people 60 years of age or older worldwide. In 1975, this number had increased to 350 million people. It has been shown that, in those over 65 years of age, in 85% of these cases the family is caring, mostly their daughters, three out of four are older 45 years, and the vast majority are unemployed for devoting their time to the care of dependent elderly adults¸ focusing their lives on care obligations, relating their care to a moral duty, on other occasions the relationship with care with sacrifice and renounce Perform other activities. Being the economic part an impediment to be able to hire a person who takes care of the care (2). xv Ecuador also experiences this phenomenon, which is undoubtedly reflected in the Picaihua Parish where this research is carried out, whose general objective is to establish the relationship between the determinants that influence family care to maintain the daily functional capacity of a group of older adults belonging to the Picaihua Parish where it is proposed to carry out an investigation with a qualitative approach related to its design with grounded, observational, descriptive, and crosssectional theory. For this research project, 30 older adults with their respective caregivers were selected through a convenience sampling, from whom information was obtained by applying the Katz scale aimed at the older adult and a semi-structured interview with caregivers after signing an informed consent. This information was transcribed and analyzed according to the Theory based on the ATLAS.ti software. The study is characterized by presenting a connotation based on observable behavior and behavior in which the data obtained helps to determine the state of health of the patient receiving geriatric care in relation to the degree of functional capacity of the geriatric population. located in the rural area of Picaihua parish in the canton Ambato.