Ciencias de la Salud
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Item EFICACIA TERAPÉUTICA DE LOS ANESTÉSICOS DISOCIATIVOS EN DEPRESIÓN(2025-06-18) Montufar Guevara Julia del Pilar; Padilla Vinueza Verónica Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that significantly affects the quality of life despite the existence of conventional treatments, a large proportion of patients do not respond adequately to these, the use of dissociative drugs for the treatment of depression has gained attention. in recent years, especially with the use of ketamine. This anesthetic has been used clinically for decades and has demonstrated rapid and significant antidepressant properties, especially in patients with resistant depression. Methods: This is a review of the literature that analyzes the therapeutic efficacy of dissociative anesthetics, such as ketamine. Using databases such as Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar, the articles were filtered using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Discussion: Research reveals that these medications offer a promising alternative for refractory patients, contributing to a rapid and positive response compared to traditional antidepressants. Conclusions: Dissociative anesthetics represent a viable option in the therapy of depression, especially in contexts where conventional treatments have failed, highlighting the need for specialized training in these drugs due to the need for follow-up and adequate monitoring in the patient due to the adverse effects of its administration, in addition to its availability in mental health clinics.Item ANSIEDAD Y DEPRESIÓN COMO CAMBIO FISIOLÓGICO O PATOLÓGICO EN EL EMBARAZO: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-17) Garcés Cano Nahomi Micaela; Analuisa Jiménez, Eulalia Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaPregnancy is a physiological and psychological process that women go through, becoming a sensitive point for developing mental pathologies such as anxiety and depression in the prenatal stage, associated with related causative risk factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression levels (physiological or pathological) in pregnant women to promote education during the prenatal stage. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Dialnet, following PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies published between 2019 and 2024 that investigated anxiety and depression as physiological or pathological changes in pregnancy were included. Results: The symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to their origin, whether physiological or pathological, leading to various complications for the dyad that pose a life-threatening risk, and are also associated with risk factors and the history of the pregnant woman's pathologies. Conclusion: The bibliographic review conducted will support the updating and promotion of knowledge about mental disorders that silently affect pregnant women, caused by various risk factors that further exacerbate adverse effects, making depression and anxiety become a proper pathology according to the CIE-10.Item ESTUDIO DE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE LA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL Y LA DEPRESIÓN(2025-06-16) Guanina Aranda, Melanie Nicole; Acosta Gavilanez, Roberto Iván; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaDepression is a mental disorder that affects behavior and thoughts, and limits the person's ability to interact socially and carry out daily activities, altering their lifestyle. Objective: Develop a framework that explains the influence of the intestinal microbiota on depression. Methodology: A review of the conceptual literature was carried out by searching scientific databases, analyzing systematic and conceptual reviews and meta-analyses that were included in the study under the selection of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: It was shown that the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and depression was investigated starting in the 17th century. The intestine is innervated by the enteric nervous system, which corresponds to a set of neurons within the gastrointestinal wall responsible for basic functions such as the secretion of digestive enzymes and hormones, motility, nutrient absorption and regulation of blood flow. The synthesis of neurotransmitters corresponds to a process that has currently been related to the intestinal microbiota. The discovery of the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and its incidence in depression has been one of the pillars for treatment. An alternative has been the inclusion of the use of probiotics, due to the capacity of some strains such as lactobacillus and bifidobacterium that intervene in the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, which are responsible for regulating the state of patient mood. Concludes: Elements such as the vagus nerve and the metabolization of amino acid precursors such as tyrosine and tryptophan that are a product of the intervention of the intestinal microbiota are key intermediaries in the relationship between the microbiota and depression and therapeutic strategies, such as The use of probiotics and dietary changes have shown benefits in reducing depressive symptoms.Item ADICCIÓN AL INTERNET Y DEPRESIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS(2025-03-05) Rojas Narváez Damaris Gabriela; Velastegui Hernández Diana Catalina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Psicología ClínicaInternet addiction is defined as a condition characterized by compulsive and excessive use of the Internet that interferes with the individual's daily life, on the other hand, depression is a mental disorder that is defined by the persistent state of sad mood and loss of interest. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between internet addiction (AI) and depression in a sample of 152 university students aged 18 to 30 belonging to a university in Ambato. A quantitative approach was used, with a design non-experimental, correlational type. The Internet Addiction Test and the Beck Depression Inventory (short version) were used. The results showed a moderate positive correlation between the variables, indicating that higher the level of Internet addiction correspond to greater presence of depressive symptoms. In addition, it was found that 49.3% of the young university students presented a normal level of IA, while that 20.4% had a moderate level. Regarding depression, 28.3% of the population showed moderate depression and 21.1% mild depression. Relevant differences were also found in IA levels, with men presenting higher scores compared to women.Item DIAGNÓSTICO DEL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO EN PACIENTES CON SÍNTOMAS DEPRESIVOS DEL GADM BAÑOS DE AGUA SANTA(2025-02-24) Chimbo Yépez, Jenny Fernanda; Pérez Laborde, Elena Johanna; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoIntroduction:Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and decreased highdensity lipoproteins), and hypertension. On the other hand, depressive symptoms are mood disorders that significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Several studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between both conditions, mediated by biological, social, and psychological mechanisms. Objective: To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome in patients presenting depressive symptoms in the Municipal Government of Baños de Agua Santa. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and prospective study. The sample was selected using non-probabilistic convenience sampling, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total of 75 participants belonging to the GADM Baños de Agua Santa. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was applied to measure depressive symptomatology, and the IDF criteria were used to diagnose the presence of MS. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and tests such as Chi-square and Cramer's V were applied. Results: 40.0% (30/75) of the participants presented metabolic syndrome. Additionally, a prevalence of 36.0% of mild depressive symptoms was observed in people with metabolic syndrome, while in individuals without this syndrome, depressive symptomatology of 37.3% was recorded. No significant association was found between several components of metabolic syndrome, such as glucose levels, diastolic blood pressure, and abdominal obesity, and depressive symptoms. However, a significant association was identified between insulin resistance (IR), elevated body mass index (BMI), HDL cholesterol (c-HDL) levels, and triglycerides (TG) with depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a positive association of considerable magnitude between depressive symptoms and MS, indicating a multifactorial interaction between metabolic alterations and mood state.Item RIESGO DE SUICIDIO POTENCIAL RELACIONADO CON SENTIMIENTOS DEPRESIVOS DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Martínez Arboleda, Maria Gabriela; Jiménez Hurtado, William AndrésAbstract The risk of suicide is the likelihood of carrying out a suicidal act, a serious issue that affects the mental health and well-being of individuals. To analyze the relationship between depressive feelings and the risk of suicide in nursing students. Method: The study used a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design, applying the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SSI) to seventh-seme ster students. Data collection was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato, using non-probabilistic convenience sampling.Contingency tables reveal associations between suicidal ideation and key variables such as attitude towards life, suicidal thoughts, attem pt planning, and attempt execution. However, when analyzing the correlation between the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score and the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SSI), a weak and non - significant negative correlation was found between the two variables. This suggests that, in this specific sample, there is no clear relationship between depression measured by the BDI and suicidal ideation measured by the SSI. In other words, there is no relationship between depressive feelings and the risk of suicide in nursing students.Item INTERVENCIONES DE AFRONTAMIENTO ANTE LA DEPRESIÓN EN PACIENTES CON DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Urrutia Chari, Fernando Ramiro; Tufiño Aguilar, Andrea AlexandraIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression are serious chronic diseases that often coexist. Depression is almost twice as common in people with DM2 as in the general population. When both conditions are present, they are associated with worse glycemic control, poorer self-care, reduced quality of life, increased risk of complications, and increased mortality. Despite its importance, a significant number of patients with T2DM and depression remain untreated or even diagnosed. There is a lack of studies and management guidelines on the simultaneous treatment of these two conditions. Objectives: This literature review aims to analyze the different coping interventions against depression in patients with DM2 with the purpose of having a complete overview of the available treatment options and identifying the most effective strategies. In addition to identifying the factors that predispose patients with DM2 to develop depression. Methodology: A bibliographic review of meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews published between 2018 and 2024 was carried out, obtained from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus. Risk factors, different coping interventions against depression, their definitions, effectiveness and modes of application supported by scientific evidence were identified. The most relevant articles were selected and the most significant information was classified. Main results: The main risk factors for developing depression in patients with DM2 include biological aspects (hyperglycemia, vascular damage, complications), behavioral (lifelong treatment, obesity, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances), socioeconomic (low socioeconomic status, expenses on medication, social instability, low educational level), environmental and psychological. The most effective interventions to deal with depression in patients with T2DM are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), group CBT, exercise, pharmacological treatment (SSRI) and online treatment. To improve both depression and glycemic control, pharmacotherapy and the combination of CBT with exercise stand out. Selection of the most appropriate intervention should consider the severity of depressive symptoms, patient preferences, available resources, effectiveness, and possible effects on glycemic control. The tiered models provide a useful guide for this selection.Item IMPACTO DE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 EN LA SALUD MENTAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Sánchez Caicedo, Christopher Andrés; Aguilar Salazar, Aida FabiolaObjective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, from a bibliographic analysis, on mental health. Methods: Qualitative approach, with a cross-sectional and descriptive study. For the collection of information, academic search engines such as: PubMed, MedLine, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, eLibros, National Library of Medicine, among others, were used. The work was developed from Google Scholar with a selection of 55 research studies. Results and conclusion: The incidence of mental illness affecting people in Ecuador is high and growing due to the lack of attention provided by the health system, despite the efforts made during the COVID-19 pandemic and after it. It is urged to develop protocols for action, study and control from the beginning of a problem as important as the one that occurred during the pandemic by COVID-19.Item EL ACNÉ Y SU IMPACTO EN LA SALUD MENTAL DE LOS ADOLESCENTES(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Lluglla Jinez, Jairo Elías; Jami Carrera, Jeanneth ElizabethIn Ecuador, 56% of individuals suffering from acne experience anxiety disorders, which is 1.7 times higher than the anxiety rate in people without acne. Adolescents, in many cases, face strong social pressure to fit in and be socially accepted by their peers. In this context, acne can become a source of concern as it may make teenagers feel that they do not meet prevailing beauty standards. In order to raise awareness about this issue and support interventions to improve the quality of life and psychological well-being of affected youth, this study aimed to examine the effects of acne on the mental health of teenagers. A systematic investigation was conducted using various databases. The study results demonstrated the significant emotional and physical effects that acne can have on those affected. Emotional consequences may manifest as a lower quality of life, physical and mental discomfort, and a potential hindrance to living life to the fullest. Teenagers with acne often suffer from anxiety and depression, which can have a serious negative impact on their academic performance, social interactions, quality of life, and self-esteem.Item COMUNICACIÓN FAMILIAR Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA DEPRESIÓN EN ADOLESCENTES INDÍGENAS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-09-06) Guachamboza Saqui, Yajaira Betsabe; Ponce Delgado, Agueda del RocíoAbstract The present research focused on the study of family communication which is defined as a process of interaction with family members. Depression is a mental state in which a person has a negative view of his or her identity, environment and future. The aim of the current study is to determine the relationship between family communication and depression in indigenous adolescents. We worked from a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental , cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design. There was a sample of 121 students, both male and female, aged between 14 and 19 years. The instruments used were the Family Communication Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II). The study data did not follow a normal distribution so no significant correlation was found between the two variables. The predominant type of family communication is good and the level of depression that stands out is minimal, it is important to note that there are cultural aspects that have a positive influence. The variables presented diverse distributions, with differences observed between genders.