Ciencias de la Salud
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Item REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES Y DESARROLLO DE UNA GUÍA ALIMENTARIA PARA ADOLESCENTES CON ENFERMEDAD CELÍACA(2026-06-18) Gavilánez Ruiz, Dayana Nicole; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaCeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, characterized by intestinal inflammation, villous atrophy, and impaired nutrient absorption. During adolescence, this condition becomes particularly relevant due to the physiological changes associated with growth, increased nutritional demands, and greater autonomy in food choices. In this context, the present study aimed to develop a food guide for adolescents with celiac disease, based on their nutritional requirements and oriented toward promoting a balanced and gluten-free diet. The study was conducted using a descriptive and propositional approach, employing a structured literature review, and focusing on the development and validation of a dietary guide based on scientific evidence. The analysis of the available evidence identified frequent deficiencies of iron, calcium, vitamin D, Bcomplex vitamins, and fiber among adolescents with celiac disease. In addition, dietary patterns were observed to include a high consumption of industrial gluten-free products with low nutritional density. Based on these findings, nutritional recommendations, portion tables, standardized recipes, and structured menus adapted to the local dietary context were developed. The resulting guide represents an educational tool designed to improve diet quality, support adherence to a gluten-free diet, and contribute to maintaining an adequate nutritional status in adolescents diagnosed with celiac diseaseItem ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA PREVENCION DE LA DIABETES JUVENIL.REVISION SISTEMATICA(2026-02-11) Gordon Campos, Jonathan Ismael; Chipantiza Cordova, Tannia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with onset in young people is on the rise and accelerates the progression to cardiometabolic complications, impacting school performance and psychosocial well-being. Given this scenario, evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors such as excess adiposity, physical inactivity, high intake of free sugars, and low family involvement in healthy habits are priority targets for preventive interventions in school and community settings, with operational nursing leadership. Objective. To analyze the most effective preventive strategies for reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young people, based on current scientific evidence. Methodology. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines using indexed databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO) with MeSH/DeCS equations and a data range of 2020–2025. Three hundred and twelve records were identified, 62 duplicates were removed, 250 titles/abstracts were screened, 63 full texts were assessed, and 13 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: Multicomponent interventions integrating ≥60 minutes of daily physical activity, structured nutrition education, regular follow-up, and family involvement showed consistent improvements in BMI and BMI-z, blood glucose/glycated hemoglobin, and minutes/week of activity. Programs with adolescent-family co- design and community support increased adherence and sustainability; the nursing role facilitated screening, brief counseling with personalized goals, and school- familyservice coordination. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes prevention in adolescents is effective when culturally appropriate multicomponent packages are implemented with clear dosages and intensity and standardized monitoring every 8– 12 weeks. For school and community health programs, the following are recommended: a core screening component (carbohydrate intake, blood pressure, lipids), progressive prescription of daily physical activity, nutritional education focused on reducing sugars and increasing fiber, and family co-responsibility as a quality criterion, prioritizing evaluation and scalability in resource-limited contexts.Item ADICCIÓN A LAS REDES SOCIALES Y RIESGO DE TRASTORNOS DE LA CONDUCTA ALIMENTARIA EN ADOLESCENTES Y ADULTOS JOVENES(2026-01-28) Bravo Freire, Mateo David; Rodríguez Pérez, Mayra Lucía; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Psicología ClínicaSocial media addiction is defined as excessive, uncontrolled use of multiple platforms to the point of creating significant risks in daily life, while the risk of eating disorders refers to the presence of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors related to food that can cause physical and psychological distress and predispose individuals to the development of eating disorders. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between social media addiction and the risk of eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents and young adults. A quantitative approach was applied with a nonexperimental, correlational, cross-sectional design in a sample of 102 participants belonging to modeling agencies, selected through a non-probabilistic convenience sample. The Social Media Addiction (SMA) and Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) instruments were applied. The results showed that 32.4% of participants had a high level of social media addiction; the predominant dimension was oral control (M=29.33), reflecting food restriction behaviors. No significant differences were found between men and women regarding the risk of EDs (p = 0.484), while Spearman's coefficient showed a moderate and statistically significant positive correlation between both variables (ρ = 0.564; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that problematic social media use is associated with an increased risk of developing dysfunctional eating behaviors, especially in contexts where exposure to aesthetic ideals and social comparison are constant.Item VALORES DE CONCORDANCIA REFERENCIALES DEL TEST DE MARCHA DE 6 MINUTOS EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES SANOS(2026-01-27) De Jesus Negrete, Anahi Alisson; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaThe six-minute walk test is a simple and low-cost assessment tool. It is classified as a submaximal excercise test and is used to evaluate an individual´s functional capacity based on the distance walked over a six-minute period. The objective of the present study was to determine reference concordance values for the six-minute walk test in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional, quantitative, and prospective approach was employed. The six-minute walk test was administered, and the data obtained were compared with predicted values calculated using predictive equations established in previous studies conducted in children and adolescents. All collected information was statistically analyzed using SPSS software, obtaining values for the mean, standard deviation, máximum and mínimum. The results showed that participants achieved a mean distance of 577.72 ± 75.46 m in the first attempt and 585.61 ± 76.18 m in the second. The predicted distance based on reference equations yielded mean values of 633.83 ± 48.38 m for Ortiz et al., 654.19 ± 41.65 m for Geiger et al. and 601.17 ± 51.47 m for Priesnitz et al. When comparing each participant´s best distance with the estimated values from the different predictive equations, it was observed that the equation proposed by Priesnitz et al. showed the highest concordance with the actual distances obtained in the test. Therefore, it is concluded that the predictive equation proposed by Priesnitz et al. may be suitable for estimating the functional capacity of Ecuadorian children and adolescents; however, the predictive values may slightly underestimate the participants´ actual performance.Item EVALUACIÓN ANTROPO MÉTRICA Y HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS EN ADOLESCENTES DE UNA POBLACIÓN URBANA ECUATORIANA(2025-10-02) Tayo Lasinquiza, Karen Michelle; Fernàndez Soto, Gerardo Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Malnutrition in adolescents constitutes a global public health problem, with alarming prevalences of double nutritional burden in Latin America. In Ecuador, the prevalence of overweight in adolescents reaches 20% nationwide, while malnutrition affects 23,2% of the population. Inadequate eating habits and sedentary lifestyle during adolescence establish patterns that persist into adulthood, increasing the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To determine the anthropometric assessment and eating habits in adolescents from an urban Ecuadorian population. Methodology: A quantitative , cross-sectional, and descriptive study was carried out on 142 adolescents aged 12-15 years from the Celiano Monge neighborhood, Ambato, Tungurahua, from September 2024 to February 2025. Simple random sampling using a finite population formula was applied. The anthropometric assessment included measurements of weight/age, height/age, waist circumference/age, body mass index, and waist-to-height ratio. Dietary habits and physical activity were assessed using a self-administered eating habits questionnaire, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0,71 for eating habits and 0,76 for physical activity. Results: 40% presented eutrophic nutritional status, while 36% showed overnutrition and 24% showed deficit malnutrition. Linear growth was compromised in 35% of the patients, and 40% presented cardiometabolic risk due to abdominal adiposity. Dietary habits were inadequate in 52% of the patients and partially inadequate in 48% of the patients, with no adequate cases. Physical activity was inadequate in 53% of the patients and partially inadequate in 47%. Men were 13 times more prevalent in simple obesity. Conclusion: The urban adolescent population studied presents a double nutritional burden that exceeds national estimates, characterized by the coexistence of malnutrition due to deficit and excess, combined with universally inadequate lifestyle habits that require system ic interventions differentiated by gender and age.Item PERFIL HEMATOLOGICO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICION(2025-06-19) Caisa Chalan Jessenia Lizbeth; Chasillacta Amores Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: The hematological profile is a key diagnostic tool to assess the effects of malnutrition, revealing common abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. These abnormalities indicate nutritional deficiencies and related health problems such as iron deficiency anemia due to lack of iron, immune system weakness, and electrolyte imbalances. Adequate treatment based on correcting these deficiencies and continuous monitoring is essential to improve this vulnerable population's health status and prognosis. Objective: To determine the hematological profile in children between 5 and 9 years of age and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive in scope, with a population of 42 participants between children and adolescents from an Ecuadorian foundation dedicated to the care. The information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and blood samples for the hematological profile study. Results: Hematological alterations are not limited to malnutrition states. They also occur in apparently healthy individuals. The high prevalence of alterations in the white blood cell series, particularly in lymphocytes and neutrophils, could indicate the presence of inflammatory processes or altered immunological responses in these age groups. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive hematological evaluation in children and adolescents, regardless of their nutritional status. Conclusions: The hematological profile in children and adolescents in this study is not related to malnutrition since there are hematological alterations in the population studied who are apparently healthy.Item CONDUCTAS ALIMENTARIAS DE RIESGO DE MALNUTRICIÓN E IMAGEN CORPORAL EN ESCOLARES Y ADOLESCENTES DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Espín Molina, Amanda Rosmery; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaRisky eating behaviors and malnutrition represent important health problems in humanity, as well as body image has a great influence on self-esteem. The objective of the research is to determine the risky eating behaviors of malnutrition and body image in schoolchildren and adolescents of a rural Ecuadorian population. The type of study is quantitative in approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational in scope. Developed in a rural area, La Victoria parish, Pujilí canton in the province of Cotopaxi (Ecuador), in the period from May to August 2024. With a population of 216 participants, with a representative sample of 152 participants, of which 21 are schoolchildren and 131 adolescents. Two questionnaires were applied: the Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors (CBCAR) with validity and Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) with validity and Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. A predominance in adolescents was found 86.18%, with a slightly higher distribution in men 51.97%, academically the majority belong to 7th-10th grade at 52.63%, it is observed that 90.79% do not present risk of eating disorder, however 9.21% present risk and are adolescents. Both children and adolescents do not present a significant concern about their body image with 74.34% of adolescents and 7.89% of boys; finally, it is observed that the majority of participants without risk of eating disorder are not worried about their body image 75%. In conclusion, the majority do not present a risk of eating disorders, nor significant concern about their body image, although further research is suggested to better understand the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating behaviors.Item EL CIGARRILLO ELECTRÓNICO COMO UN PROBLEMA EMERGENTE DE SALUD PÚBLICA EN ADOLESCENTES Y ADULTOS JÓVENES. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-16) Reinoso Espín, Paulina Abigaíl; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaObjective: To evaluate the impact of e-cigarette use on the health of adolescents and young people in order a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors and their associated consequences. Method: search in databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect and SciElo, published since 2020, obtaining 14 studies after screening. Results: The use of electronic cigarettes is very frequent and is not effective for adolescents and young people to quit smoking, but facilitates their evolution towards smoking. Conclusions: Adolescents and young people are unaware of the health risks associated with the use of electronic cigarettes and their erroneous perception that they are less harmful favors their popularity. It is crucial to implement educational programs in schools to correct these perceptions.Item SEXTING Y AUTOESTIMA EN ADOLESCENTES DE LA ZONA RURAL(2025-03-06) Yugsi Oña Jessica Lisbeth; Flores Hernández Verónica Fernanda; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Psicología ClínicaSexting is defined as the act of sharing images, videos, or messages in an insinuating or sexual manner, through electronic devices via the internet. On the other hand, self-esteem involves viewing oneself in a positive or negative light. This research analyzed sexting and self-esteem in adolescents (N=100) from the rural area of Cotopaxi province. The research model used was quantitative, with a descriptive and correlational design. The instruments used were the Sexting Behavior Scale (SBS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. (EAR). The results show that there is no conclusive correlation between the variables, suggesting that other factors, such as the sociocultural environment, might have a greater influence on these behaviors and personal perception. The practice of sexting turned out to be limited, and the self-esteem of adolescents was mostly distributed at medium and high levels. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in sexting behaviors between men and women.Item HABILIDADES SOCIALES Y OPTIMISMO EN ESTUDIANTES DE BACHILLERATO(2025-03-06) Sinaluisa Cordova, Mateo Ismael; Rodríguez Pérez, Mayra Lucía; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Psicología ClínicaSocial skills are a set of learned behaviors that allow us to communicate more assertively and develop constructive interpersonal relationships, while optimism is the tendency to think about the possibility of achieving beneficial results in the future and helps as a motivator to face problems. The objectives of this research were to determine the relationship between social skills and optimism in high school students, to assess the level of social skills, to evaluate the level of optimism and to compare the level of social skills according to gender. A nonexperimental design was used, with a quantitative approach, descriptivecorrelational and cross-sectional scope, the sample was 100 students, the “Goldstein Social Skills Scale” and “Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R)” were applied. The results obtained found that the students have a good level of social skills, in terms of levels of optimism there was a prevalence in the low level, it is also considered that there is a statistically significant difference in the levels of social skills according to sex and finally there is a low positive correlation between social skills and optimism, suggesting that behaviors that improve social interaction will increase the positive outlook of adolescents.