Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Tite Tite, Erika Dayana; Arráiz de Fernández, CarolinaIntroduction: Intestinal parasitosis currently constitutes one of the main public health problems, which causes serious consequences in the nutritional status of children due to alteration in the absorption of nutrients and decreased appetite. Objective: To analyze the nutritional status and intestinal parasitosis in children of a rural Ecuadorian population. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, prospective and descriptive study with a non-experimental design, which allowed the collection of specific data on anthropometric measures on anthropometric measurements to define nutritional status and at the same time contributed to the application of the National Survey of intestinal parasitosis in school children to 53 individuals between 7-12 years of age. Results: All the individuals presented intestinal parasites affecting mainly males, aged 11 years and of mixed-race ethnicity. The microorganisms were mainly: Entamoeba histolyca, Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis and Endolimax nana. Body Mass Index (BMI) showed that 71.70% of children have normal weight and only 7.50% malnutrition. Conclusions: Individuals live in healthy places, with cement or tile floors, sewage service by sewer and always consume drinking water. In addition, it was identified that individuals have adequate hand washing before eating and after defecation, but play on the ground or dirt. Among the clinical manifestations, the most frequent symptomatology is fever and abdominal pain.Item RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN LOS COMERCIANTES DE LOS MERCADOS SAN JUAN Y SAN LUIS DEL CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Moreta Alajo, Sandra Amparo; Galárraga Pérez, Edison ArturoInsulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells do not respond adequately to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The objective is to evaluate the risk factors that predispose to insulin resistance in traders of the San Juan and San Luis markets of Canton Santiago de Píllaro. The research was an observational study of cross-secti o n al descriptive type, where 75 blood samples were analyzed, the analysis of fasting glucose and insulin and the HOMA-IR index was carried out. In addition, information was collected by means of a survey and calculation of the BMI of each of the merchants, and the results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program. Of the 75 samples obtained 33 participants have insulin resistance. In determining the risk factors, a statistic a l ly significant correlation between patients with insulin resistance and body mass index was considered, with a correlation coefficient of 0.308 (Spearman) but it is considered a weak association. It can be concluded that the prevalence of developing insulin resistance was 44% in the market traders of Cantón Santiago de Píllaro.Item Parasitosis y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Santa Rosa del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Montenegro Valverde, Julio César; Vilcacundo Cordova, Mario Fernando Lcdo. Mg.The aim of this research was to determine parasitosis and its relationship with anaemia and malnutrition in children between 5 and 9 years of age in the Santa Rosa parish of the Ambato canton, The parasites that cause these infections are helminths and protozoa, most frequently transmitted via the oral-fecal route when contaminated water or food is ingested. For this research, 100 samples of blood and faeces belongingto children aged 5 to 9 years were analysed, the blood sample was used to determine haemoglobin and the faeces sample to determine the presence of parasites using the Faust Flotation or Zinc Sulphate technique. Information was collected through the use of surveys together with the anthropometric data of each child. Of the total population, 47% of the children were found to be parasitized, of which 57% were found to be monoparasitized, while 43% were found to be polyparasitized; 19% had commensal parasites, and 81% had pathogenic parasites; protozoa accounted for 100% and helminths were absent. The parasites found in the research are: Blastocystis sp. 63%, Entamoeba coli cyst 19%, Endolimax nana cyst 11%, Giardia lamblia cyst 4%, Entamoeba complex cyst 4%. The prevalence of parasites found in the study coincides with other studies carried out in Ecuador.Item Incidencia de dislipidemias en conductores de transporte liviano (taxis) en la ciudad de Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Zapata Herrera, Ulices Fernando; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela Bqf. Msc.Dyslipidemias are defined as an alteration in the concentration of lipids in the blood that arise as a result of the abuse of fat consumption, cigarette and alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, poor eating habits and obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of dyslipidemia in light transport drivers (cab) in the Latacunga city, for which 95 drivers participated, of whom 86 were men and 9 women, lipid profile analysis was performed using a blood sample, as well as the calculation of the BMI of each of the participants. The results obtained in the investigation showed that there is an incidence of Dyslipidemia of 85.26%, where 58.94% presented hypercholesterolemia, 54.73% hypertriglyceridemia, 53.68% high LDL, 31.57% low HDL and 36.84% mixed dyslipidemia. At the same time, the calculation of the BMI of all the participants was made, observing that 26.31% were within their normal weight, 54.73% were overweight and 18.94% obese.Item Parasitosis intestinal y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Picaihua del Cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Sailema Peña, Guadalupe Margoth; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabriela Paola Mg.Intestinal parasitism are infections of the most prevalent in the poor and underdeveloped communities which are with a high predominant in children. This affects the development and growth in child population. So this produces clinical manifestations such as appetite loss, stomachache, dyspepsia, diarrhea, andmalabsorption. These cause malnutrition and anemia in patients. The objective of thissearching was determined the intestinal parasitism and its relation with malnutrition and anemia in children with ages from 5 to 9 years old in Picaihua parish and Ambato city. It was analyzed in 106 blood tests in order to measure the hemoglobin indices. The fecal test for testing the presence of parasites. For doing these tests it uses the flotation technique or Faust. It collects the information with a poll. The anthropometric data such as weight and height for the IMC calculation. A total of 106 samples analysed, the 75.7% shown parasites, besides, the population showed 60% of them as monoparasites and the 40% remain were polyparasites. The parasitesfound were Blastocysts spp. 43.1%, Entamoeba coli cyst 23.3%, Entamoeba complex cyst 15.5%, Endolimax nana cyst 12.9%, Chilomastix mesnili cyst 3.4%, Giardia lamblia cyst 0.9%, Hymenolepis nana eggs 0.9%. The present investigation project through the statistical analysis concluded that the intestinal parasitosis hadn't relation with anemia and malnutrition.Item Parasitosis y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Juan Benigno Vela del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Alomaliza Capuz, Monica Alexandra; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario Fernando Lic. MSc.The objective of this research was to determine the relationship of intestinal parasitosis and its relationship with anemia and malnutrition in children from 5 to 9 years old in the Juan Benigno Vela parish of the Ambato. This is a qualitative study of documentary and field type, where 100 blood samples were analyzed to determine hemoglobin levels and fecal samples to identify the presence of intestinal parasites through the Faust flotation technique, for the collection of information surveys were applied to each legal representative of the participant, also anthropometric data was taken from each child. It was possible to determine that 82% of the total child population was parasitized, 56.1% of them had only one type of parasite and 43.9% had more than two parasites. As for pathogenicity, 29.3% had commensal parasites and 70.7% had pathogenic parasites, 83% of them were infected with the chromista species and 16% with protozoa. The most frequent parasites were: Blastocystis sp. 43.41% followed by Entamoeba coli 20.16%, Endolimax nana 18.60% and Giardia lamblia 8.53%. As for the Body Mass Index, 86% of the children had a healthy weight and 5% were underweight; according to the results of the biometry, 68.55% presented normal hemoglobin and 25.2% presented anemia due to low hemoglobin levels. It is concluded that in the parish Juan Benigno Vela there is a high prevalence of parasitosis, but it is not related to anemia and malnutritionItem Parasitosis y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la Parroquia Atahualpa del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08) Agualongo Paucar, Ana Viviana; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoIntestinal parasitosis is a public health problem worldwide, which currently continues to affect a considerable number of children in developed countries. The objective of this research is to determine the relationship of intestinal parasitosis between anemia and malnutrition in children from 5 to 9 years of age at Atahualpa parish, Ambato City. In this study, 100 samples were analyzed, both blood to determine hemoglobin levels, and fecal samples to identify the presence of intestinal parasites through the appropriate technique. Besides, anthropometric data was collected from each child in order to be categorized based on the Body Mass Index. As a result, 36% of the population had only one type of parasite while 35% presented more than two parasites. Additionally, the study shows that 97.71% of parasites are protozoa and 2.29% are helminths. The most frequent parasites were: Blastocystis sp 40% followed by Entamoeba coli 26%, Endolimax nana 15%. Regarding the results of the BMI, it was determined that 79% of children had a healthy weight and 1% were underweight; Regarding the blood results, 55% of the sample presented normal hemoglobin and 33% presented low hemoglobin levels. It can be concluded that there was a high prevalence of parasitism at Atahualpa parish, Ambato City. However, it is not related to anemia and malnutritionItem Parasitosis y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Quisapincha del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Ramos Echeverría, Mauricio Gabriel; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela, Bqf. Mg.Intestinal parasites are the cause of most infections in humans, especially in school- age children, mainly affecting low-income communities in underdeveloped countries. These infections are caused by helminths and protozoa, most of which are transmitted by oral faecal transmission when contaminated food and water are ingested. The objective of this study was to determine parasitosis and its relationship with anaemia and malnutrition in children aged 5 to 9 years in the Quisapincha parish of Ambato. A total of 100 blood samples were analysed to determine haemoglobin levels and stool samples were analysed to identify the presence of parasites using the Faust or Zinc Sulphate Flotation technique. Information was collected by means of a survey together with anthropometric data for each child. Of the total population, 63% of the children were found to have parasites, 40% had monoparasitosis and 60% had polyparasitosis; 17% had commensal parasites, 83% had pathogenic parasites, 79% had protozoa and 21% had helminths. The parasites found were: Blastocystis sp.31 %, Entamoeba coli cyst 20% together with Endolimax nana cyst, Giardia lamblia cyst 7%, Entamoeba complex cyst 6%, Chilomastix mesnili cyst 2% together with Iodamoeba bütschlii cyst, Hymenolepis nana eggs 8%, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs 3%, Enterobius vermicularis adult 1%. The prevalence of parasites found in the study coincides with other studies carried out in Ecuador.Item Análisis del estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas en tiempos de covid-19 adscritas al centro de salud tipo a Toacaso – Ecuador(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-09-01) Iza Gutiérrez, Jessica Valeria; Cusme Torres, Nadihezka Amanda Lic. Mg.El estado nutricional adecuado en la gestante conserva el estado fisiológico saludable y una respuesta inmune adecuada ante la posible infección por (COVID-19). El objetivo del proceso investigativo fue analizar el estado nutricional de mujeres embarazadas en tiempos de COVID-19, determinando (IMC) preconcepcional, ganancia de peso, prevalencia de comorbilidades y riesgo obstétrico en el control prenatal. En una unidad de salud de primer nivel de atención de la provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador, durante el primer semestre del 2021. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de campo no experimental, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población la conformaron 45gestantes. Se recopilaron datos mediante una ficha de evaluación nutricional validada por Essalud. Los datos de mayor relevancia reflejan que el 71.11%, cuenta con un nivel de escolaridad de Primaria, en la variable comorbilidades se conoce que el 2.22% padece de Hipertensión arterial, el 22.22% fue diagnosticada con sobrepeso, el 8.89% con obesidad. El 26.67% corresponde a las gestantes adolecentes de extremo de edad fértil menores de 19 años y el 8.89% embarazadas mayores a 35 años. Un 20.00% de mujeres que iniciaron con un IMC preconcepcional sobrepeso, el 8.89% inicia con un IMC preconcepcional obesidad. En correlación con estos datos el 26.67% de gestantes obtuvieron una ganancia insuficiente de peso, el 62.22% obtuvo una ganancia de peso adecuada, mientras que el 11.11% ganó peso excesivamente. Es de gran relevancia mencionar que el 86.67% de gestantes se encuentran categorizadas como riesgo alto y el 6.67% categorizadas con un riesgo muy altoItem Desarrollo de una estrategia de prevención de malnutrición infantil fundamentada en la evaluación estandarizada a través de métodos de antropometría y bioimpedancia(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Ron Mora, Álvaro Sebastián Md.; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit PhD.Introduction: The increase in weight has occurred in recent decades at an increasing rate affecting individuals regardless of sex, ethnicity, age, or socioeconomic status; overweight and obesity are defined as an excessive increase in body adiposity, which in turn is related to a wide spectrum of chronic noncommunicable diseases that generate a great overload in health systems. Objective: To develop a strategy for prevention of child malnutrition based on standardized assessment through anthropometry and bioimpedance methods. Methodology: a descriptive, prospective, and longitudinal research is developed, based on a theoretical systematization of nutritional processes in the infant's age group. Results: It is necessary to have early diagnostic instruments that present a low technical complexity and reduced cost to evaluate the populations with the highest risk factor, thus reducing the progression of the disease and the establishment of complications, specifically in the child, the body mass index is an instrument that presents limitations to evaluate the percentage of body fat, to be complemented with the evaluation of body composition by electrical impedance, supplements these, improving their diagnostic capabilities. Conclusions: The strategy for the prevention of overweight and obesity designed, based on the analysis of body composition by electrical impedance in school-age children, taking into account that this diagnostic method allows to know the components of the human body and express it in percentages, in the same way it is possible to locate children with excess adiposity even when the body mass index determines a state of normality in the subjects evaluated