Ciencias de la Salud
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Item LA FIBRA COMO AGENTE DE SACIEDAD PARA COMBATIR LA OBESIDAD EN NIÑOS(2025-06-18) Espinoza Supe, Christian Javier; Katherin Yaritza Girón Saltos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaFiber is a very important nutrient since numerous beneficial effects have been demonstrated, including increased satiety and weight reduction. In modern society there are more than 390 million overweight children, the aforementioned pathology occurs when consuming an amount of energy that exceeds the daily requirement. The objective of this article was to compile the studies that encompass the relationship between fiber intake and increased satiety, as well as to describe the metabolic processes that are generated in the body. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out through Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases that include articles from 2019 to 2024. The results obtained show that an intake rich in fiber produces metabolic effects during the phases of digestion, which results in an increase in satiety and therefore a reduction in body weight. Finally, the limitation of achieving the level of satiety in people was emphasized since satiety is influenced by various particular factors.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIO-METABÓLICOS EN ADULTOS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Lopez Panata, Erika Pamela; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaObesity and overweight are cardiometabolic factors that increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, associated with unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles; these health issues have been declared global epidemics. Objective: To determine cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults in a rural Ecuadorian population. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Pisacha neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador, from May to August 2024. Using an observational and descriptive approach, 48 individuals aged 20 to 64 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, fasting and occasional glucose levels (measured by glucometer), two blood pressure readings, and the risk factor questionnaire created by the Mexican National Secretariat were administered. Results: The analysis shows that men predominate in the 20–44 age group, while women are more common in the 45–64 age group. Obesity is more prevalent among women, and overweight among men. Sixty-five percent of respondents do not exercise regularly, and optimal blood pressure is more frequent in men aged 20–44. Additionally, 46% of those with overweight and obesity present positive casual glycemia results. Conclusions: Overweight is more common in men than in women, while physical inactivity is one of the most concerning factors, as most respondents engage in little or no exercise, with higher prevalence among women. Higher age and obesity are associated with borderline blood pressures, and overweight and obesity predispose individuals to positive casual glycemia results.Item EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA, HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO(2025-06-16) Bonilla Zamora, Karina Marisol; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a growing public health problem both globally and nationally, characterized by a significant increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of these disorders has increased by 28% between 2016 and 2023. In Ecuador, 25.2% of adolescents are overweight or obese, with higher rates observed in urban areas and among the female population. This phenomenon is linked to high levels of physical inactivity (65.1%) and the adoption of inadequate eating habits. Objective: To determine the anthropometric evaluation, eating habits, and physical activity in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out on 87 adolescents aged 13-14 years from the Santa Lucía community. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO criteria, dietary habits by means of a validated self-completed questionnaire, and physical activity by means of the PAQ-A questionnaire. Results: 97.7% were overweight and 2.3% were obese. 93.1% showed inadequate dietary habits and 100% inadequate levels of physical activity. The PAQ-A questionnaire revealed that 82.8% had very low levels of physical activity and 17.2% had low levels. Conclusion: A high prevalence of malnutrition due to excess associated with inadequate dietary habits and insufficient levels of physical activity was evident in the study population, suggesting the urgent need for specific interventions that address both nutritional aspects and the promotion of physical activity in this population.Item INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Yagchirema Yancha, Katherine Mishelle; Velasco Acurio, Evelin FernandaIntroduction: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by a high percentage of fat in the human body, caused mainly by endogenous (genetic), biological and exogenous causes (life habits), representing a serious public health problem. Objective: To know the nursing interventions in childhood obesity. Methods: A systemic review of scientific articles was carried out using the PICO strategy. The search was carried out according to PRISMA parameters where initially 40 articles were obtained, of which 18 were included under inclusion criteria such as: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and metaanalysis, free access, English and Spanish languages and that have been published. between the years 2019 and 2023; while, the exclusion criteria were: degree thesis and documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The databases were: ELSEVIER, MEDLINE, Redalyc, SCIELO, Latindex, Dialnet, Latin REV, Scopus using descriptors in health sciences (DECS) from Bireme and the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) from the National Library of Medicine in English. , such as: (interventions) AND (childhood obesity AND (Nursing). Results: Nursing interventions focused mainly on improving eating behaviors and reducing sedentary lifestyle. Those related to the family were more successful, because, by training adults the quality of life of the child is improved. Conclusions: The training of nursing staff is essential for the management and care of childhood obesity.Item IMPACTO DEL PROGRAMA NUTRICIONAL "MUÉVETE" EN EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DEL PERSONAL DE LA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS BIOALIMENTAR - TUNGURAHUA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-26) Orbea Cadena, Paula Victoria; Viteri Robayo, Carmen PatriciaIn the workplace, the health and well-being of personnel is fundamental to a company's performance and productivity. The implementation of nutritional programs represents a proactive strategy that seeks to improve the health status of employees and reduce absenteeism caused by chronic noncommunicable diseases derived from overweight and obesity. The objective of the research was to study the impact of the nutritional program "Muévete" on the nutritional status of the personnel of the food company Bioalimentar in order to analyze the role of nutritional programs in companies. The research is observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 71 workers. To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity, specific data such as weight and height were taken to determine body mass index, on the other hand, to analyze the percentage of fat mass the four main folds were used (biceps, triceps, subscapular and supraileac) and cardiovascular risk with the measurement of waist circumference, as for the measurement of the impact of the program a comparative analysis was made between the data pre application of the program and post application of the same. As a result, 47.9% were overweight and obesity grade I, corresponding to 25.4% in the male gender. As for the percentage of fat mass, 53.5% of the male gender had an average level of fat and 39.4% had an increased level of cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, the findings of this study have the potential to benefit not only Bioalimentar, but also other companies and the community in general, promoting a culture of wellness and integral health and directly influencing the formulation of policies and strategies at the corporate and governmental level, thus increasing the sustainability of the companies.Item SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD EN MUJERES EN EDAD FÉRTIL QUE USAN ANTICONCEPTIVOS EN EL CANTÓN SALCEDO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Vasco Atiaja, Dayana Belén; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndrésThe use of hormonal contraceptives is involved in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, after prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age who use hormonal contraceptives in the Salcedo Canton of the Cemoplaf center, by means of anthropometric and dietary assessment and level of physical activity. By means of an observational, descriptive case-control study of 90 women, of whom 45 used contraceptives for more than 1 year, and 45 participants did not use contraceptive methods. To identify the characteristics of the population we used age, occupation, whether contraceptive methods were used, type and time of use, on the other hand, for the anthropometric assessment we used the Body Mass Index, cardiovascular risk, muscular area and fat area of the arm, for the dietary assessment and level of physical activity we used two questionnaires, the frequency of consumption according to the IASE healthy eating index and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The results showed that 27.8% of the women who use contraceptives are overweight, 6.6% are obese, while 30.0% of the participants who do not use contraceptives are at an adequate weight. Cardiovascular risk is higher in women who use contraceptives with 24.4%, the diet index does not show a significance with the use of methods while the level of physical activity shows a significance of p=0.002. Therefore, the use of hormonal contraceptives over a period of time greater than 1 year is related to overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, in the same way eating habits and the level of physical activity are involved in the development of these pathologies.Item MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL EN LA OBESIDAD: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Gutierrez Lozada, Andres Eduardo; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánObesity and overweight is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of body fat. In recent decades they have become a global public health problem. The intestinal microbiota, which is the microbial ecosystem that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The objective of the present review is to compile the latest advances on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota in obesity and establish dysbiosis as an important factor in obesity, as well as the influence of diet on the intestinal microbiota and the consumption of prebiotics and probiotics. . . A methodology was used based on the bibliographic review of research related to the microbiota and obesity, carried out by exploring digital platforms specialized in health, such as Pubmed, Google Academic, ScIELO and Dialnet, in the period between 2019 and 2023. The results revealed that an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota is associated with an increased risk of obesity and related diseases. It is clear that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity.Item INCIDENCIA DE RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL Y ESTILO DE VIDA EN ADULTOS DE LA PARROQUIA QUISAPINCHA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Gavilanes Hernández, María Augusta; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaInsulin resistance has become a public health problem of great relevance worldwide, being closely linked to the development of high-impact chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. In Ecuador, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adult population has reached alarming levels, becoming a significant risk factor for the development of this condition. The objective of this research was to evaluate the incidence of insulin resistance and its relationship with body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle in adults of Quisapincha parish. The study was descriptive, crosssectional observational, with a mixed approach. The population consisted of 80 people, whose weight and height were measured to calculate BMI, classifying them into two groups: control and pathological. A survey was administered and blood samples were taken to analyze glucose and insulin levels, and subsequently the HOMA-IR index was calculated. The results indicated that only in the pathological population were altered levels detected, with 15% with elevated glucose, 12.5% with high insulin and 72.5% with an elevated HOMA-IR index. It was determined that 29 of the 80 individuals had insulin resistance, and that those who were overweight and obese had a significantly higher risk. In addition, several lifestyle factors, such as inadequate diet, lack of physical activity, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, were associated with this condition.Item NIVEL DE ANSIEDAD EN ADOLESCENTES CON SOBREPESO U OBESIDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Salazar Chérrez, Verónica Juliana; Arraíz de Fernández, CarolinaObjective: To determine the level of anxiety in overweight or obese adolescents. Material and Method: Quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted from April to August 2023, in an educational unit of the canton of Ambato, Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. From a population of 109 students, the final sample consisted of 71 adolescents with overweight or obesity belonging to the eighth, ninth and tenth grades of General Basic Education (GBS). To measure anxiety, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire was used, which has been validated with high reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.82); for nutritional status, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured, along with the demographic variables sex and age. Results: 54% male, 38% in the ninth year of GBS and a moderate level of anxiety. Conclusions: More than half of the adolescents are overweight and obese, with a predominance of males, especially in the ninth year of GBS, and there is a moderate level of anxiety in most of the sample studied, with a higher frequency in females. It is important for nursing staff educate the population, especially adolescents, about the health benefits of a healthy lifestyle.Item Determinación del porcentaje de grasa en los adolescentes de 12 a 18 años asociada a factores socio demográficos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Galarza Barragán, Rebeca Karolina; Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth Mg.Currently, overweight and obesity constitute a global problem that affects the majority of adolescents, particularly in Latin America. In our country, it is estimated that 26% of the population has malnutrition due to excess linked to poor diet and factors that influence their development. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the relationship between fat percentage and associated sociodemographic factors in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. For this reason, a descriptive observational correlational methodology with a transversal, qualitative and quantitative approach was used, with a study sample of 253 students to whom the questionnaire on sociodemographic factors was applied and anthropometric measurements were taken. As a result, it was obtained that the adolescents had an average BMI of 22.24 kg/m²; The majority of adolescents (64.4%) according to the BMI/Age indicator have a normal nutritional status, 3.2% are malnourished and 28.5% are underweight. When we talk about overweight and obesity, the percentages are 3.2% and 0.8% respectively. In Height/Age, a predominance was obtained in normal height (60.9) and large normal height (25.3%). Regarding the percentage of fat, it was found that 64.4% had a normal percentage, 8.7% high and 25.3% very high, being higher in women than in men. In addition, a relationship was obtained between the percentage of fat and sex (p = 0.024), with the female gender predominating; No significant linear relationship was obtained with other sociodemographic data.