Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y EL FUNCIONAMIENTO COGNITIVO EN ADULTOS MAYORES DEL CANTÓN SAN PEDRO DE PELILEO(2026-06-24) Montoya Pérez, Quimberly Miruye; Galarza Esparza, William Bayardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe general purpose of this research study was to determine the correlation between nutritional status, as measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool, and cognitive functioning, as assessed using the Pfeiffer questionnaire, in older adults living in the parish of García Moreno in the canton of San Pedro de Pelileo. To this end, a quantitative study with a non-experimental cross-sectional and correlational design was developed, applying simple random sampling to select 75 participants from the rural area, who were given the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire to evaluate their nutritional status. In addition, anthropometric measurements such as weight and height were taken to complement the assessment. A brief neurological test was also administered, with the final results showing a very high prevalence of low weight, affecting 72% of the sample, in addition to identifying mild and moderate mental impairment in more than half of the respondents. After applying the chi-square statistical test, it was concluded that there is definitely no direct link between caloric deficit and loss of intellectual abilities in this specific population. Therefore, local medical authorities are advised to establish community dietary assistance plans along with periodic neurological assessments, finally recommending that future researchers expand the number of people evaluated to other surrounding sectors, incorporating new sociodemographic variables to obtain a much broader picture of this health problem.Item FRECUENCIA ALIMENTARIA Y RIESGO NUTRICIONAL EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA PARROQUIA ATAHUALPA(2026-06-18) López Mayorga, Dayana Nicole; Álvarez Córdova, Verónica Maribel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaIntroduction: Population aging presents a public health challenge due to the increased nutritional risk in older adults. The physiological, social, and dietary changes characteristic of this stage of life can lead to malnutrition, both from deficiency and excess. Assessing food frequency allows for the identification of consumption patterns associated with nutritional status and guides preventive strategies at the community level. Objective: To evaluate food frequency in older adults in the Atahualpa parish and its relationship to nutritional risk. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, analytical, and crosssectional study with the aim of analyzing the relationship between food frequency and nutritional risk in older adults was conducted with 60 adults aged 65 years and older using census sampling. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), a 24-hour dietary recall, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) were administered. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, body mass index, and mid-upper arm and calf circumference were taken. The data were statistically analyzed to establish associations between dietary frequency and nutritional risk. Results: 63.3% of the sample was female, and the average age was 76.1 years. According to BMI, 36.7% were overweight and 23.3% were underweight. According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 51.7% showed risk of malnutrition and 30.0% showed established malnutrition. Frequent consumption of dairy products and meat was observed, while fish, nuts, and legumes were consumed infrequently. Lower protein and fluid intake was associated with a higher proportion of malnutrition. Conclusions: Inadequate dietary frequency is related to a high nutritional risk in older adults in the Atahualpa parish. Identifying consumption patterns allows for guiding community interventions aimed at improving diet quality and preventing complications associated with malnutrition.Item REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALES Y DESARROLLO DE UNA GUÍA ALIMENTARIA PARA ADULTOS MAYORES CON ENFERMEDAD CELÍACA(2026-06-18) Chicaiza Masabanda, Soña Paulina; Mosquera Méndez, Karen Cecilia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaCeliac disease is a chronic autoimmune condition triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, which causes damage to the mucosa of the small intestine and affects the proper absorption of nutrients. In older adults, this condition represents an additional challenge due to the physiological changes associated with aging, the presence of comorbidities, and the increased risk of nutritional deficiencies. The aim of this study was to develop a dietary guide for older adults with celiac disease based on the analysis of their specific nutritional requirements. The research was carried out using a descriptive and propositional documentary approach with a cross-sectional design. Information was collected through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA methodology guidelines, consulting scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Elsevier. Based on the analysis of scientific evidence, a dietary guide was developed that includes nutritional recommendations, portion tables, adapted recipes, and a structured menu to support daily meal planning. This tool aims to improve diet quality, prevent nutritional deficiencies, and promote a better quality of life for older adults with celiac disease.Item CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ENTEROBACTERALES CON BETALACTAMASAS DE ESPECTRO EXTENDIDO EN INFECCIONES URINARIAS DE ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA UNIDAD DE SALUD DE PELILEO(2026-02-03) Guamanquispe Rojano, Ana Elizabeth; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in urinary tract infections (UTI) in elderly adults, has become a growing challenge. These infections can be especially severe due to underlying risk factors and a weakened immune system. This study aimed to characterize Enterobacterales spp. with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases ESBL in urinary infections of elderly adults at the Pelileo Health Unit. Urine samples were collected from a total of 80 patients attending the health unit during the established period. The samples were processed using conventional microbiological methods, susceptibility testing, and molecular detection of ESBL genes via conventional PCR. The results showed that the most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli, found in 53.13% (17/32) of the isolated cases, followed by K. oxytoca 21.88%, K. pneumoniae 18.75%, and K. aerogenes 3.13%, in addition to the less frequent characterization of Providencia rettgeri at 3.1%. The susceptibility profile demonstrated resistance to beta-lactams in 15.63% (5/32) of the isolated strains, and molecular identification confirmed that the resistance mechanisms are primarily encoded by the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. This study provides relevant data for local epidemiological surveillance, underscores the necessity for infection control associated with risk factors related to patient self-care, and proposes preventive strategies aimed at reducing the community dissemination of multi-resistant strains within the population.Item USO DE TÉCNICAS DE EXPANSIÓN TORACODIAFRAGMÁTICA EN LA MEJORA DE LA FUNCIÓN PULMONAR EN ADULTOS MAYORES(2026-01-27) Gómez Morales Génesis Estefanía; Caiza Lema, Stalin Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de FisioterapiaThe present study, entitled “Use of thoracodiaphragmatic expansion techniques to improve lung function in older adults,” aimed to determine the effects of thoracodiaphragmatic techniques on improving lung function in older adults in 34 older adults belonging to the Foundation for Children with Down Syndrome and Other Disabilities “Corazon de Maria.” A quantitative, prospective, longitudinal analytical approach was used. Spirometry was performed using specialized equipment to measure lung function, while the 6-minute walk test assessed exercise endurance and thoracodiaphragmatic expansion techniques were used to measure chest expansion. The results of the evidence were obtained by comparing the pre- and post-intervention spirometry results, which showed an improvement in all parameters of lung function. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon and Shapiro Wil normality tests, obtaining a significant positive correlation between lung function, the 6-minute walk, and the expansion techniques. The thoracodiaphragmatic expansion treatment plan proved to be highly effective in improving rib cage mobility, as evidenced by a statistically significant increase in the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the thorax (p = 0.007). The thoracodiaphragmatic expansion treatment plan proved to be highly effective in improving rib cage mobility, as evidenced by a statistically significant increase in the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the thorax (p = 0.007). This finding confirms that respiratory physiotherapy can partially reverse.Item POLIFARMACIA Y ADHERENCIA FARMACO LÓGICA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE UNA ZONA RURAL(2025-10-03) Quispe Cañaveral, Silvana Estefanía; Macias Ferreiro, Karina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaOlder adults gradually undergo a series of irreversible morphological and physiological changes as a response to ageing, increasing the risk of developing chronic, degenerative diseases which generate long-term or permanent pharmacological treatments, making polypharmacy almost inevitable. Objective: To analyse the impact of polypharmacy on drug adherence in older adults in a rural area. Method: A quantitative approach study, non-experimental design, correlational scope, cross-sectional, the population consisted of 60 older adults from the ‘Canitas de Oro’ Care Unit, obtaining a final sample of 21 adults who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Pharmacological adherence was determined using the Adherence to Medication Collection and Administration questionnaire translated into Spanish (ARMS-e). To determine the relation between variables, the non-parametric Spearman's Rho correlation test was applied. Results: It was identified that 35% were older adults with polypharmacy and multipathology, in which the average polypharmacy predominated with 47.6%, and on applying Spearman's Rho test its coefficient was equal to 0.885 and with a significance value equal to 0.000 < 0.05, accepting the alternative hypothesis. Conclusion: polypharmacy is a factor that directly affects pharmacological adherence, since there was a high correlation between polypharmacy and pharmacological adherence to treatment.Item ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLOGICO EN PACIENTES MAYORES DE 65 AÑOS CON HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL(2025-10-02) Tirado Rugel, Lesly Tatiana; Carvajal Chango, Gissel Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaArterial hypertension is considered a chronic non-communicable disease, associated with an unhealthy lifestyle, causing 9.4 million deaths per year worldwide. In underdeveloped countries, its prevalence is increasing and access to medication is decreasing, estimating a higher prevalence (8%) for the year 2030. Knowledge and adequate pharmacological treatment of this disease are important for its timely health control. There are several components involved in poor drug adherence such as different comorbidities, level of education, sex of the patients, among others. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors related to adequate pharmacological adherence in older adults. This observational, descriptive and correlational study seeks to determine the relationship between sex, age, marital status and level of education with the level of pharmacological adherence. The sample consisted of 104 participants, where the highest percentage of hypertensive patients were women (77.9%). Eighty - eight point five percent had partial adherence and 11.5% had poor adherence to medication. There was no statistically significant association between the level of adherence and the sociodemographic variables of the participants. It is necessary to educate patients by stressing the importance of continuity of pharmacological treatment to reduce or even prevent the development of other associated diseases.Item AUTOCUIDADO Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN EL ADULTO MAYOR(2025-10-02) Ochoa Rivera, Janela Nicole; Sangacha Yugsi, Anderson Jose; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Self-care constitutes a fundamental axis in the stage of old age. Older adults who maintain their independence and autonomy usually have a better perception of their general wellbeing. Objective: To determine the level of self-care and quality of life in older adults attending the Centro Integral de Atención Geriátrica del Cantón Salcedo. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with a population of 59 users, from which a sample of 41 participants was obtained. The Self-Care Agency Assessment Scale and the WHOQOL-OLD test were used, which addressed 6 dimensions, applied in October 2024. Results: Of the 41 older adults, 68.3% presented a low level of self-care. General quality of life was rated as moderately good by 48.8% and good by the other 48.8% of the participants, which indicated a similar distribution between both ratings; the dimension of death and dying obtained a score above the mean with 3.51 while the dimension of intimacy had the lowest score with 2.67. On the other hand, a moderate direct correlation of 0.589 was found, determining that the higher the level of self-care, the better the participants' perception of quality of life. Conclusion: Despite limitations in self-care including the presence of illness and lack of emotional support, older adults have managed to find satisfaction and well-being in other aspects of their lives.Item SOLEDAD SOCIAL E INTERVENCIÓN DE ENFERMERÍA EN ADULTOS MAYORES INSTITUCIONALIZADOS(2025-09-30) Ante Toaquiza, Elisa Maribel; Bautista Rueda, Irlanda Alicia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Aging is a process that begins at birth and ends with death. Growth and development processes occur that include biological and psychosoci al dimensions, making them vulnerable to situations that usually involve significant changes in their social environment, which makes them more prone to experience loneliness. Objective: To determine the effect of nursing intervention in relation to social loneliness in institutionalized older adults. Methodology: Quantitati v e approach, quasi-experimental design, longitudinal cut whose survey will be applied in two time lines pre and post, consists of 3 factors which measure the level of social loneliness, non-probabilistic purposive sampling. The research study was carried out with 10 older adults from the “Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús” (Sacred Heart of Jesus Home). Results: The results obtained through the ESTE II Scale were analyzed. Initially, the first factor presented a mean score of 83%, which progressively improved until reaching low levels. As for the second factor, it maintained a high score without variations. Regarding subjective social participation, an improvement was observed, going from a high level (69%) to a low one, which shows the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions: Out of 65 older adults, 10 presented high social loneliness, mainly in women. Animal - assisted therapy improved the emotional well-being of older adults, improvements in physical activity, an increase in socialization, as well as a decrease in depressive symptoms were evidenced.Item PREVALENCIA DE ENFERMEDADES NO TRANSMISIBLES Y CRÓNICO DEGENERATIVAS EN EL CANTÓN QUERO(2025-09-30) Aguilar Apo, Gladys Juliana; Analuisa Jiménez, Eulalia Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaMethodology: Due to the nature of the variables of the formulated problem, the present research is of quantitative, observational, descriptive and crosssectional cohort design. The population will be 110 patients between those who attend the type C health center Quero and patients who will be visited at home. In addition, they meet the inclusion criteria in the proposed period. Results: The data indicate that 90.9% (100 people) of those surveyed have undergone a blood pressure evaluation performed by a health professional, and that 22.7% (25 people) have received a diagnosis of hypertension, of which 20.9% (5 people) are currently receiving pharmacological treatment. 10.9% or 12 people have been diagnosed with diabetes and 8.2% (9 people) are undergoing medical intervention. Regarding cholesterol levels, 12.7% (14 people) were diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia, although no specific therapeutic measures were documented. Finally, only 0.9% (1 person) of the participants reported having suffered a myocardial infarction or stroke. Conclusions: The most predominant metabolic factors in the study were high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Although most participants had their blood pressure controlled, a considerable percentage were diagnosed with hypertension and are receiving treatment. A smaller proportion reported cases of diabetes and high cholesterol, although treatment for these diseases is limited. Therefore, there is a close relationship between the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and people's lifestyles. Therefore, it is necessary to implement nutrition and health education programs that promote adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduce salt and sugar intake, and limit alcohol consumption. This also improves access to health services, thereby ensuring that older adults have regular access to medical checkups and appropriate treatment for chronic conditions.