Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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EFECTO DEL WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EN EL EQUILIBRIO DE ADULTOS MAYORES
(2026-07-01)
Sangoquiza Chicaiza, Paulina Fernanda
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Chicaiza Cosquillo, Diana Fernanda
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Fisioterapia
In the geriatric population, maintaining balance and functional mobility is crucial for preserving autonomy and reducing the risk of falls. In this context, the Whole-Body Vibration platform emerges as an effective physiotherapy resource, given its properties for stimulating neuromuscular activation and postural control. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Whole-Body Vibration on the balance of older adults. A quantitative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal approach was used. Twenty older adults (8 men, 12 women) participated, whose initial balance capacity was assessed using functional tests such as the Tinetti Balance Scale, the Short Physical Performance Battery, and the Timed Up and Go test. Subsequently, training with the vibration platform was applied for 8 weeks, three times per week, concluding with a final assessment to determine the impact of the applied stimuli. Following the intervention, Tinetti showed a reduction in the moderate risk of falls from 85.0% to 30.0% and an increase in the low risk from 15.0% to 70.0% (p = 0.001; r = 0.74). In SPPB, severe limitations decreased from 55.0% to 0.0%, and minimal limitations increased from 0.0% to 55.0% (p < 0.001; r = 0.88). In TUG, the mean time decreased from 18.45 ± 2.68 s to 14.10 ± 2.14 s (p < 0.001; d = 1.35). It is concluded that the intervention using the Whole-Body Vibration platform enhances balance in the geriatric population, constituting a useful tool within the field of physiotherapy to optimize motor function and prevent accidents, although these results should be interpreted considering limitations such as the sample size and the absence of the control group.
PARASITOSIS INTESTINALES EN PARROQUIAS RURALES DEL CANTÓN PELILEO, TUNGURAHUA
(2026-07-01)
Punina Narváez, Nadia Escarleth
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De la Torre Fiallos, Ana Verónica
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
Intestinal parasitosis remains an important public health problem, particularly among vulnerable populations such as older adults. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis, identify the most frequent parasitic species, and analyze associated risk factors among older adults from the rural parishes of García Moreno and Benítez in Pelileo, Ecuador. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 70 older adults. Parasitological diagnosis was performed using direct stool examination, serial stool samples, and the Faust concentration technique. Additionally, a structured survey was applied to assess sociodemographic, environmental, and hygiene-related risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections. The results revealed an intestinal parasitosis prevalence of 82.85%. The most frequently identified species were Entamoeba coli (38%), Blastocystis spp. (23%), Endolimax nana (21%), Chilomastix mesnili (9%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar complex (8%), and Giardia lamblia (1%). Several risk factors related to hygiene practices, environmental exposure, and animal contact were identified. It is concluded that intestinal parasitosis shows a high prevalence in the studied population, highlighting the need to strengthen health education, prevention, and control strategies targeted at older adults living in rural communities.
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL Y NIVEL DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE LA PARROQUIA HUAMBALÓ, CANTÓN PELILEO
(2026-06-18)
Aguirre Vacacela, Max Steeven
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Solorzano Gaibor, Diego Sebastián
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
For health systems, population aging presents a significant challenge, especially regarding nutrition and access to adequate food. Within this context, this research aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and food security levels in older adults in the Huambaló parish, Pelileo canton. The study was descriptive and correlational, observational, non-experimental, and crosssectional. The population consisted of 40 older adults residing in the Huambaló parish. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess nutritional status, while the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA) was used to determine food security levels. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the chi-square (χ²) test was applied with a significance level of α = 0.05 to determine the relationship between the study variables. Older adults between 60 and 89 years of age had a higher proportion of participants, along with a predominance of females in the results. On the other hand, different categories were identified regarding nutritional status, with a predominance of older adults with normal nutritional status and overweight. Regarding food security, a greater presence of households with moderate food insecurity was observed, followed by mild and severe food insecurity, while few participants reported food security. The chi-square test indicated a p-value of 0.868, demonstrating that there is no statistically significant relationship between nutritional status and food security in the studied population. In conclusion, no statistically significant association was found with nutritional status, despite the identification of different levels of food insecurity in the population, suggesting the influence of other factors related to aging and health conditions.
MANEJO ACTUAL DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN ADULTOS MAYORES
(2026-02-11)
Pérez Alberca, Wendy Nayeli
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Cashabamba Padilla, Franklin Hernán
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main chronic diseases in older adults, characterized by a silent progression and atypical clinical manifestations that hinder its timely diagnosis. Ageing brings physiological changes, comorbidities and metabolic alterations that require a comprehensive and up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature to synthesize and update the available evidence on diagnostic criteria and optimized therapeutic strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in the elderly population. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. Twenty-one studies published between 2020 and 2025 in international databases were analyzed. Articles addressing diagnosis, therapeutic management and technological advances in T2DM in older adults were included. Results: Evidence shows that diagnosis in older adults requires integrating biochemical parameters (HbA1c, blood glucose, and OGTT within 1 hour) with comprehensive geriatric assessment. The use of artificial intelligence and continuous glucose monitoring improves early detection and clinical follow-up. In terms of treatment, metformin remains the first line of treatment, while SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists offer additional cardiovascular and renal benefits. Education, therapeutic adherence, nutrition, and personalized exercise are fundamental pillars of metabolic control. Conclusions: The management of DM2 in older adults should be individualized, multidimensional, and supported by emerging technologies to optimize diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life.
EVALUACIÓN DE TROPONINA I ULTRASENSIBLE COMO BIOMARCADOR DE RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR EN EL GRUPO DE ADULTOS MAYORES "DULCE ALEGRÍA DE VIVIR" EN AMBATO
(2026-02-04)
Peñaloza Duarte, Johanna Mishell
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Vinueza Ramón, Diana Paola
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. This study analyzed the usefulness of high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-cTnI) as an early biomarker of cardiovascular risk in adults aged ≥65 years with hypertension, diabetes, or the coexistence of both conditions in Ambato. A cross-sectional design was applied, measuring serum hs-cTnI through chemiluminescent immunoassay (MAGLUMI 600). Non-parametric tests were used to determine associations between hs-cTnI levels, type of pathology, and disease chronicity. The results showed that most hs-cTnI values fell within the “no myocardial damage” category; however, a relevant proportion presented mild elevations, and five participants exhibited significant myocardial injury. A significant association was found between elevated hs-cTnI levels and the duration of hypertension, supporting its usefulness for the early detection of cumulative myocardial stress. Additionally, an association between these chronic conditions and the degree of myocardial damage was observed exclusively in women. Longitudinal studies integrating NT-proBNP, high-sensitivity CRP, and echocardiography are recommended.
EVALUACIÓN DE LAF UERZA PRENSIL EN ADULTOS MAYORES Y SU ASOCIACIÓN CON EL NIVEL DE DEMANDA FÍSICA DE LAS ACTIVIDADES OCUPACIONALES
(2026-01-28)
Haro Fonseca, Juan Sebastian
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Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Fisioterapia
The purpose of this research was to assess handgrip strength and determine the level of physical demand of occupational activities performed by older adults attending the Senior Citizen Center of San José de Poaló parish. A correlational, quantitative, crosssectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 30 older adults aged 65 to 82 years, with a mean age of 73.5 ± 4.51 years, who met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Handgrip strength was measured using a Jamar-type dynamometer, a reliable and valid instrument (ICC = 0.85–0.97). The physical demand of previous occupations was retrospectively classified as low, medium, or high using the ISCO-08 questionnaire, which facilitated the association between lifelong occupational activity and current handgrip strength. Results showed a balanced distribution by sex, age, and occupational diversity. More than half of the participants (53.4%) presented excess body weight (36.7% overweight and 16.7% obese), representing the main nutritional problem identified. Mean handgrip strength was 276.7 ± 79.6 N, revealing marked variability: some individuals maintained excellent functional capacity, while others exhibited values close to frailty cut-off points. According to the ISCO-08 classification, high physical demand occupations corresponded exclusively to farmers and livestock keepers, whereas low-demand occupations were concentrated in officebased and liberal professions. Normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov with Lilliefors correction and Shapiro-Wilk) confirmed that the demand variable did not follow a normal distribution (p < 0.001). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis yielded a very strong positive and statistically significant correlation (Rho = 0.807; p < 0.001) between lifelong occupational physical demand and current handgrip strength. These findings led to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (H1), concluding that the type and physical demand of occupations performed throughout life, particularly before age 60, constitute a direct protective factor for preserving grip strength in old age.
PREVENCIÓN DE CAÍDAS EN ADULTOS MAYORES: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
(2025-10-16)
Guamantaqui Vargas, Selena Abigail
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Cevallos Teneda, Andrea Carolina
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
IThis research has as its main objective to provide a detailed explanation of the risk factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that play an important role in the increase in incidents of falls among the elderly population, certain intrinsic factors consist of sensory, physical and cognitive disabilities that accompany the aging process, while extrinsic factors include the environment in which they develop and medications that could aggravate
Prevalencia del alzheimer en adultos mayores de américa latina. Revisión bibliográfica
(2025-10-15)
Núñez Valencia, Viviana Abigail
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Naranjo Perugachi, Jeaneth del Carmen
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that develops mainly in older adults. This disease is characterized by a progressive loss of memory capacity and a series of cognitive functions. Its prevalence within Latin American countries ranges from 6-12%, generally in adults over 65 years of age. In this context, the present research proposes as a general objective to carry out an exhaustive analysis of the scientific evidence of the prevalence of Alzheimer's in older adults in Latin America. To this end, a bibliographic review was carried out in different web databases such as Google scholar, PubMed, Scielo, Redalyc, Web of Science, LILACS, Institutional Repositories, selecting quality articles using the PRISMA method and the use of Boolean connectors AND, ON. From the analysis of the results, it is concluded that there are factors that predispose older adults to suffer from the condition, such as age, genetics, the environment and surroundings where they develop, as well as hereditary characteristics. These can be diagnosed using genetic biomarkers and brain imaging, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET), in addition to a set of neuropsychological tests, computerized images and even artificial intelligence. All in order to ensure the comprehensive application of various techniques at the right time, improving the quality of life of affected people, which is generally characterized by adults over 60 years of age, being one of the main conditions in Latin America and the Caribbean
ELABORACIÓN DE UNA MEZCLA ALIMENTARIA PARA CUBRIR REQUERIMIENTOS ENERGÉTICOS EN EL ADULTO MAYOR EDÉNTULO DE LA PARROQUIA GARCÍA MORENO
(2025-10-06)
Aguaguiña Moreta, Nathaly Silvana
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Bustillos Ortiz Diana Isabel
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
Introduction: nutrition is one of the main determinants of health and physical and mental performance, so consuming varied and safe food is one of the main objectives to ensure an adequate nutritional status in different age groups, in this case the elderly, who are a group at higher risk of nutritional deficits, due to multiple factors, such as advanced age, associa te d diseases, edentulism, which affects the tolerance and regulation of food intake. Objective: the present research focused on elaborating a food mixture to cover the energy requirements of the edentulous elderly of the García Moreno parish Methodology: we worked with a population of 30 elderly adults of the parish GAD, the nutrition a l status was calculated, the energy requirements were calculated using the Harris and Benedit formula by an activity and protein factor, the data collection was carried out in three days, followed by the evaluation of the organoleptic properties, and finally a Friedman statistical test was performed for related samples. Results: according to the baseline nutritional status, 46.6% presented a normal nutritional status and 33.3% were underweight, and as for the food mixtures, when performing the energy requirement and nutritional value, it was found that it covers between 26 and 32% of the requirement in the formulations, regarding the taste, a value of p <.001 and 0.023 was obtaine d between formulations 1 and 3; 2 and 3, respectively, thus presenting a significant difference and a good acceptance in terms of the different samples. Conclusions: a large part of the population presented malnutrition due to deficit or underweig h t, although a normal nutritional state prevailed. On the other hand, a food mixture was designed and elaborated, which was very acceptable to the population studied.
Optimización de la Función de Miembros Superiores a través de Programas de entrenamiento con Herramientas Tecnológicas en la población Adulta Mayor
(2025-09-23)
Toapanta Guatatoca, Katerin Alexandra
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Arias Córdova, Paúl Adrián
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
The function of the upper limbs is an important element in the independence of older adults. As the population ages, mobility and strength problems appear in these limbs that are affected in the performance of daily activities and therefore affect their quality of life. The present research studies the implementation of new technological tools such as virtual reality to improve strength and mobility in the elderly population. The use of virtual reality allows for an immersive and personalized experience for each senior which accelerates recovery and increases their engagement in the rehabilitation process. It can help reduce the sensation of pain by providing a distracting factor, which allows you to take your attention away from the pain and work in a more appropriate manner. Objective: To develop a virtual reality training program to improve upper limb function in the elderly. Method: A training program with virtual reality is put into practice in a population of 40 older adults of the Gerontological day center “Mis Mejores Años con dignidad” of the Management of social and economic development of the GADM of Tena, where daily sessions of 40 minutes per user were established, obtaining significant improvements in the functionality and strength in the upper limbs. Two tests were used for the initial and final evaluation, the DASHe test to measure the functionality of the upper limbs and the ARM CURL TEST to evaluate strength, showing significant and relevant progress in the capabilities of older adults, providing them with an accessible and effective alternative. Results: Conclusions: Virtual reality is presented as an innovative option in the rehabilitation of upper limbs in older adults, by presenting real scenarios that help to improve autonomy, confidence and quality of life, which favors the practice of activities of daily life.

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