Tesis Telecomunicaciones
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/34848
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Item Sistema CCTV con alerta temprana y reconocimiento de armas de fuego utilizando machine learning(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Unapucha Unapucha Jorge Miguel; Ayala Baño Elizabeth PaulinaThe continuous increase in insecurity in Ecuador is reflected annually through various criminal activities, with armed assaults and kidnappings in homes being the main focus of this analysis. In this context, a study was conducted aimed at designing a system based on machine learning techniques for the identification of firearms used in home assaults. The primary goal of the system is to generate early alerts to expedite the intervention of the relevant authorities. The system comprises three stages: acquisition, processing, and visualization. In the data acquisition stage, a Closed-Circuit Televisión consisting of two 2MP cameras and a Hilook brand Digital Video Recorder is used to capture frames in real time. The captured data is sent to the NVIDIA JETSON NANO microcomputer for further processing. The system was developed in Python, and Yolov5 was selected as the artificial vision model responsible for processing the acquired frames, resulting in the identification of firearms in home assaults or kidnappings. The visualization of the identified elements and the generated alerts is carried out through phone calls and spam messages, providing a detailed description of the situation and the identified object, along with an integrated audible alert. It's important to highlight that the data is analyzed and transmitted immediately, ensuring an fast response to potential criminal acts. As a result of the tests conducted, the system achieved an effectiveness of 85%.Item Arquitectura de sensores IoT para la redistribución de la carga de procesamiento mediante inteligencia artificial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Zurita Villalba Francisco Javier; Pallo Noroña Juan PabloThis project aims to implement an IoT sensor architecture for the redistribution of processing load using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Specific objectives include the analysis of available IoT architectures, the evaluation of AI algorithms for process redistribution, and the design of an optimized architecture. The analysis of IoT architectures revealed that technologies such as ESP-32 and communication protocols such as Heartbeat are crucial for scalability, energy efficiency, and handling large volumes of data. The integration of machine learning models, such as neural networks, improves decision making and real-time resource management. The choice of architecture must be aligned with the specific requirements of the application to ensure optimal and sustainable performance. Regarding AI algorithms, efficient solutions for resource management were identified, highlighting neural networks for their ability to balance load, reduce latency and minimize energy consumption. These algorithms enable dynamic adaptation to changing network conditions, improving the scalability and sustainability of IoT networks. The IoT sensor architecture design proved to be effective, achieving a balanced workload distribution and improving scalability. The proposal includes automatic recovery mechanisms and extensive testing to measure efficiency and monitor performance. In conclusion, the integration of AI in IoT networks provides a robust foundation for applications that require high efficiency and adaptability in dynamic environments.Item Sistema IoT de riego para el cultivo de tomate riñón en la zona del canal de Salcedo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Chimba Amaya Cristian Orlando; Pallo Noroña Juan PabloIn this research work, an automated system for irrigation control and monitoring in tomato greenhouse farming was implemented, addressing the need to optimize water use in agriculture through IoT technology. This project was developed in response to the increasing water scarcity and the aim to improve the productivity of tomato crops in the Zona del Canal of the canton Salcedo. The system uses a server hosted on database MART to manage the developed data, integrating sensors to measure variables such as soil moisture and temperature, along with actuators like solenoid valves that regulate water dosing through a drip irrigation system. Additionally, it includes a Node-RED dashboard for real-time monitoring and automated decision-making. The implementation focused on testing different water doses according to the phenological stage of the tomato plants to optimize growth and quality. Functionality tests of the irrigation system were carried out, achieving uniform water distribution due to effective soil moisture control. Tests conducted in the tomato greenhouse indicated that the system is beneficial, as proper water dosage control prevents diseases related to water deficiency or excess, such as botrytis and root rot. As a result, the plants achieved optimal growth, leading to higher tomato production.Item Sistema electrónico para el monitoreo y control de variables agrícolas empleando los principios de smart farming y agricultura de precisión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeiería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Chato Guangasi Henry Paul; Córdova Córdova Edgar PatricioIn contemporary society, agriculture plays a pivotal role. Although it is predominantly cultivated in the conventional manner, which is outdoors, there has been a notable increase in the cultivation of crops in controlled environments, such as greenhouses. This shift is driven by the need to safeguard plantations from the adverse effects of abrupt climate changes. Moreover, the integration of advanced technology tools has enabled enhanced control over the soil in which the plantations are situated, a practice known as precision agriculture. In this context, a study was conducted with the primary objective of implementing a system to control and monitor agricultural variables using Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming principles. It is imperative to have soil conducive to successful harvesting, as this is directly linked to achieving higher production and quality. The system is founded on the implementation of LoRaWAN technology, a system capable of managing multiple nodes with a high degree of reliability and without the loss of any information. The system is comprised of four distinct stages: data acquisition, transmission, control and processing, and visualization. The acquisition stage involves the use of sensors to gather data from the soil and the environment within the greenhouse, with a demonstrated reliability of 98.1%.The transmission stage employs LoRaWAN technology, utilizing Heltec LoRa32 microcontrollers and a gateway that functions as a central receiver for data from all nodes. The processing and visualization stage employs a dedicated graphical interface, facilitating the observation of measured variables through time-series graphs. In the control stage, the actuators demonstrated high efficiency, responding promptly and accurately to the programmed instructionsItem Sistema de gestión inteligente del parqueadero del edificio de Bienestar Estudiantil en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato mediante visión artificial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Gavilanez Jiménez Marlon Abel; Guamán Molina Jesús IsraelThis thesis project presents a smart management system for the parking lot of the student welfare building at the Universidad Técnica de Ambato using computer vision. To capture real-time images of the parking lot, two IP cameras are installed at the entrance and exit, with processing performed on the NVIDIA Jetson Nano development platform. The system employs the YOLOv8 computer vision algorithm for vehicle detection and counting. It monitors vehicle flow by recording entries and exits to maintain an updated count of the total occupancy of the parking lot, which has 166 spaces. The analysis results are displayed through a graphical interface developed in Python using Tkinter, running on an Ubuntu environment. This interface allows staff to monitor the number of vehicles in the parking lot and the remaining availability in real time.Finally, the collected data is stored in a local database, enabling historical tracking of vehicle flow and facilitating analysis for optimizing parking lot management.Item Sistema electrónico para el aprendizaje de programación basada en gamificación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Eugenio Ichina Silvia Elizabeth; Castro Martin Ana PamelaTeaching programming to children is increasingly important to develop skills such as computational thinking and problem solving from an early age. However, challenges remain, such as lack of technological resources and limited teacher training in these areas. The objective of this work is the construction of an electronic prototype to teach programming to children from 7 to 11 years old. The project includes a mobile robot that uses RFID technology, receives commands through cards and provides feedback by means of sound signals through a speaker, in addition to displaying instructions on an LCD screen. The system works through movement instructions selected by children with RFID cards. The robot executes the commands instantaneously, moving within an environment of pressed cardboard blocks. The goal is to complete the path from the “start” to the “finish” tile, performing movements such as forward, backward, left and right turns, 360-degree turns, and square-shaped movements. Programming guides are presented for parents and guardians to guide children. In addition, the system allows children to program the robot autonomously, encouraging their creativity by creating customized motion sequences.Item Sistema de transmisión y recepción inalámbrica de una nano-red de terminales Iot en redes de 2.4ghz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Toapanta Gualpa Edwin Paul; Cuji Rodríguez Julio EnriqueItem Sistema de transmisión de energía inalámbrica para una nano red con terminales IoT en redes de 5 ghz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Sivinta Almachi Jhon Richard; Pallo Noroña Juan PabloItem Sistema para el monitoreo del tráfico vehicular y la contaminación auditiva mediante el uso de sensores inalámbricos e inteligencia artificial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) Zamora Medina Jarod Vinicio; Guamán Molina Jesús IsraelThis project develops an intelligent monitoring system for vehicular traffic and noise levels on Los Chasquis Avenue using embedded processing technologies and artificial intelligence. The methodology is structured into four main stages. In the first stage, data is collected using a video camera and a MAX9814 audio sensor connected to an ESP32. The audio signal is transmitted to a Jetson Nano, where joint video and audio processing is performed. The second stage implements the YOLOv8x object detection model for accurate counting and classification of vehicles based on video data. Simultaneously, the audio analysis measures noise levels in decibels and classifies them into categories such as low, medium, or high. In the third stage, the processed data, including the number of vehicles, noise levels, and registration dates, is sent and stored in a MySQL database via the embedded system. Finally, in the fourth stage, the results are visualized through an interface developed with Node-RED, enabling the analysis of traffic and noise patterns over time. This functionality facilitates the planning and management of vehicular transit as well as the evaluation of auditory contamination in the area. The results demonstrate that the system provides precise and efficient analysis, delivering relevant data to optimize mobility and reduce acoustic impact in urban areas.Item Sistema portable de caracterización y mapeo gps de suelo agrícola(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02) De La Cruz Avalos Jason Bryan; Córdova Córdova Edgar PatricioAgriculture faces critical challenges that require innovative technological solutions to ensure sustainability and improve productivity. The work aimed to implement a portable agricultural soil characterization and GPS mapping system designed to optimize the production of medicinal plant crops. The system, based on the five-layer IoT model, integrates advanced technologies such as ESP32 T-Beam, specialized soil sensors, GPS and LoRaWAN communication, together with management tools such as Node-RED, InfluxDB and Grafana. The methodology included an experimental and field approach, where key soil parameters such as moisture, pH and electrical conductivity were characterized. The results demonstrated high reliability in the measurement of these variables, with values of 98.34%, 99.59% and 99.79%, respectively. In addition, the system was able to transmit and visualize data in real time, even in rural areas with difficult access, ensuring reliable and efficient communication. This handheld device facilitates timely and detailed monitoring of soil conditions, providing critical information for agricultural decision making. The findings highlight the importance of physicochemical variables in crop optimization and the effectiveness of the five-layer IoT model for integrating advanced technologies. This system represents an innovative tool for precision agriculture, promoting more sustainable and efficient agricultural management practices.