Tesis Telecomunicaciones
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Item Sistema electrónico para el análisis del espectro inalámbrico en bandas de 2.4 GHZ y SUB-GHZ(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-09) Rodríguez Herrera, Jhon Alexander; Manzano Villafuerte, Víctor Santiago; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.This degree work proposes the development of a portable electronic system for the analysis of the wireless spectrum in the 2.4 GHz and Sub-GHz bands, with a focus on academic telecommunications environments. The proposal arises from the need to have an accessible tool that allows observing real signals, detecting wireless activity, recording technical parameters and supporting the practical study of technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth/BLE and short-range radio frequency links. The system integrates a microcontroller, wireless communication modules, antennas, display screen and user interface to obtain information associated with RSSI signal strength, active channels, number of devices, spectrum occupancy, stability and response time. The methodology includes bibliographic review, hardware architecture design, module integration, embedded system programming and laboratory tests at the Technical University of Ambato. The evaluation of the prototype considers technical measurements and a validation survey of the WIFURY device, structured in hardware operation, system operation, user usability and perceived reliability. With this, the project seeks to provide an experimental platform that strengthens practical learning, facilitates the analysis of radio behavior and serves as a basis for future improvements in embedded systems aimed at monitoring wireless communications.Item Prototipo electrónico de monitoreo cerebral en tiempo real con enfoque en la detección temprana de enfermedades neurodegenerativas mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-09) Gamboa Cornejo, Kevin Renato; Córdova Córdova, Edgar Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.The present research arises from the global and local problematic of neurodegenerative diseases, which affect more than 55 million people worldwide. In the Ecuadorian context, approximately 100,000 people suffer from some type of dementia, facing diagnostic limitations due to high costs and the low availability of specialized equipment in provinces such as Tungurahua. The general objective of this project is to develop an electronic prototype for real-time brain monitoring to facilitate the early detection of these pathologies through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. The methodology is framed within applied research with bibliographic-documentary and experimental approaches. The designed system integrates low-cost hardware, including non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) sensors and microcontrollers for the acquisition and wireless transmission of bioelectrical signals. For data processing, machine learning and deep learning algorithms are implemented to identify anomalous neuronal patterns associated with cognitive impairment. The development includes a real-time visualization interface that allows health professionals to monitor cortical activity and receive alerts based on the preliminary diagnoses of the AI model. As a result, an accessible and portable technological tool is obtained that reduces the economic gap in neurological diagnosis, promoting more inclusive and preventive medical care. It is concluded that the convergence between neuroengineering and AI offers a viable solution to improve the quality of life of patients through timely intervention in the early stages of the disease.Item Prototipo electrónico de monitoreo cerebral en tiempo real con enfoque en la detección temprana de enfermedades neurodegenerativas mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-09) Zamora Lozada, Kevin Isrrael; Córdova Córdova, Edgar Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.The present research arises from the global and local problematic of neurodegenerative diseases, which affect more than 55 million people worldwide. In the Ecuadorian context, approximately 100,000 people suffer from some type of dementia, facing diagnostic limitations due to high costs and the low availability of specialized equipment in provinces such as Tungurahua. The general objective of this project is to develop an electronic prototype for real-time brain monitoring to facilitate the early detection of these pathologies through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. The methodology is framed within applied research with bibliographic-documentary and experimental approaches. The designed system integrates low-cost hardware, including non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) sensors and microcontrollers for the acquisition and wireless transmission of bioelectrical signals. For data processing, machine learning and deep learning algorithms are implemented to identify anomalous neuronal patterns associated with cognitive impairment. The development includes a real-time visualization interface that allows health professionals to monitor cortical activity and receive alerts based on the preliminary diagnoses of the AI model. As a result, an accessible and portable technological tool is obtained that reduces the economic gap in neurological diagnosis, promoting more inclusive and preventive medical care. It is concluded that the convergence between neuroengineering and AI offers a viable solution to improve the quality of life of patients through timely intervention in the early stages of the disease.Item Sistema sensorial inmersivo para la concientización de la biodiversidad aplicado al turismo en la ciudad de Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-03) Falcon Arevalo, Jonathan Ivan; Castro Martin, Ana Pamela; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.This research project aims to promote biodiversity awareness in the city of Baños de Agua Santa through the implementation of emerging technologies, offering an innovative solution to the limitations of environmental education in traditional tourism management. To address this problem, a technological architecture oriented towards smart tourism was designed. As an immersive system, a Virtual Reality environment was developed using the Unity graphics engine for Meta Quest 3S headsets, whose main purpose is to immerse the user in the richness of local ecosystems. User interaction and exploration within this experience are managed through intuitive navigation and a gamification module designed to evaluate their ecological knowledge. To support this environment with reliable information, the system integrates an IoT sensor network deployed in the natural attractions; the captured microclimatic parameters are monitored in real time through dashboards on the Supabase and Grafana platforms and projected directly into the virtual simulation. The results demonstrated the technical viability of the project, achieving a stable and bidirectional integration between the telemetric data collection infrastructure and the immersive experience. In conclusion, the system provides an interactive, robust, and scalable tool that unifies smart tourism with ecosystem preservation.Item Jardín energético basado en una nano red modular híbrida solar - radiofrecuencia.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-03) Analuiza Castillo, Ronny Alexander; Gordon Gallegos, Carlos Diego; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.This thesis develops an Energy Garden based on a Hybrid Solar–Radiofrequency Modular Nanogrid, aimed at supplying energy to low-power IoT nodes for environmental monitoring applications. The proposal arises from the need to design more flexible, modular, and sustainable energy systems, capable of integrating different energy harvesting sources while maintaining operational continuity under controlled conditions. The research was structured into four main stages: state-of-the-art review, architectural modeling, prototype design and implementation, and experimental validation of the system. The proposed architecture integrates solar harvesting through a photovoltaic panel, complementary radiofrequency harvesting through a rectenna, a hybrid storage system composed of a battery and supercapacitors, energy management through DC/DC conversion, and IoT nodes based on ESP32-C3 with environmental sensors. The implemented prototype made it possible to verify the functional interaction between the energy and information flows, since the energy harvested and managed within the system was used to power sensor nodes capable of acquiring variables, processing them, and transmitting data through Wi-Fi and MQTT to a local server implemented in XAMPP, with real-time visualization through a web dashboard. The obtained results show that the hybrid architecture improves energy availability, provides stable power supply to the nodes, and supports real monitoring processes. Therefore, the technical feasibility of the energy garden is validated as an experimental platform applicable to modular nanogrids and IoT environments.Item Sistema autónomo de alimentación con gestión energética para la operación de Starlink Mini en las zonas rurales de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-03) Chauca Torres, Alex Danilo; Robalino Peña, Edgar Freddy; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.This degree project, entitled “Autonomous Power Supply System with Energy Management for the Operation of Starlink Mini in Rural Areas of Ambato”, was developed in response to the need to maintain the continuity of satellite internet service in rural sectors where the electrical supply is not always stable. In these areas, power outages, voltage variations, or limited availability of the electrical grid may occur, which directly affects the operation of the equipment and may cause connectivity loss or terminal restarts. As a solution, a portable autonomous system based on photovoltaic solar energy was designed and implemented. The prototype consists of a 110 W foldable solar panel, a 12.8 V and 100 Ah LiFePO₄ battery, an MPPT charge controller, a DC-DC conversion stage, electrical protection elements, and an IoT monitoring system. The methodology included the analysis of Starlink Mini power consumption, system sizing, component integration, and testing in rural parishes of Ambato canton. Using Node-RED, InfluxDB, and Grafana, variables such as voltage, current, power, generated energy, consumed energy, state of charge, and temperature were recorded. Connectivity parameters such as latency, jitter, packet loss, download speed, upload speed, and link availability were also evaluated. The results show that the system can provide stable power to Starlink Mini during rural operation periods, where the battery acts as the main energy backup and the solar panel supports energy recovery.Item Plataforma de realidad virtual para la rehabilitación de lesiones músculo – esqueléticas y respiratorias: un estudio piloto en un entorno clínico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-03) Eugenio Arias, María Belén; Manzano Villafuerte, Víctor Santiago; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.REALIDAD VIRTUAL, REHABILITACIÓN MÚSCULO-ESQUELÉTICA, REHABILITACIÓN RESPIRATORIA, SENSOR INERCIAL, VISIÓN COMPUTACIONAL, GAMIFICACIÓN, ADULTOS MAYORES. This research addressed the development and validation of a virtual reality (VR)platform for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal and respiratory conditions in older adults, implemented as a pilot study at the Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Conventional rehabilitation programs show low adherence due to their repetitive nature, limited feedback, and access barriers for patients with reduced mobility. To address this, the system integrates immersive VR environments with gamification and real-time physiological monitoring. Developed in Unity 6 for the Meta Quest 3 headset, the platform includes three threedimensional scenarios modeled in Blender where patients perform exercises guided by a virtual avatar. The respiratory module RespMon uses an MPU6050 sensor mounted on a diaphragmatic band with an ESP32-C3 microcontroller, transmitting via BLE the inhalation and exhalation times, I:E ratio, and apnea events. The musculoskeletal module ROMAnalyzer applies computer vision with MediaPipe Pose to estimate joint angles of the upper and lower limbs using a mobile device camera. Validation with twenty older adult patients and three rehabilitation specialists confirmed the clinical viability of the system. RespMon recorded an average respiratory rate of 13.6 rpm within the expected physiological range and an approximate battery life of 3 hours per charge. ROMAnalyzer detected joint asymmetries of up to 46.60° in shoulder flexion and 43.28° in elbow flexion, values consistent with individual diagnoses. Patient satisfaction reached 4.48/5 and specialist assessment 4.75/5, supporting the platform as a functional, motivating, and scalable therapeutic tool for older adult rehabilitation.Item Enlace de microondas para el monitoreo de la estación de carga de vehículos eléctricos en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-03) Rosero Sánchez, David Josué; Guaman Molina, Jesús Israel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.This research developed a microwave link for monitoring the electric vehicle charging station at the Technical University of Ambato. The study arose from the need for a dedicated medium capable of stably transmitting the energy variables generated by the inverter to a server. For this purpose, a three-node topology was designed: the charging station, Casa Universitaria, and Talleres Tecnológicos, using MikroTik equipment operating in the 5 GHz band. The process included the design and simulation of the radio link, equipment installation and configuration, data acquisition through Modbus TCP, storage in InfluxDB, and visualization in Grafana. In addition, the dedicated communication infrastructure was validated to ensure the reliable transport of energy variables from the inverter to the monitoring platform, considering connectivity, packet loss, latency, availability, signal quality, signal-to-noise ratio, CCQ, and transmission of these variables. The results showed a significant improvement over the previous link, which was based on a non-dedicated institutional WiFi network. In the pretest, packet losses of up to 100% and intermittent communication were recorded; whereas, in the daily posttest, the dedicated link achieved 0% packet loss, an average latency of 5 ms, and 100% availability. In the weekly evaluation, 99.11% availability was obtained, affected by a punctual disconnection associated with an external power outage. This confirmed that the implemented link enables continuous and reliable transmission for energy monitoring.Item Agricultura de precisión en ecuador: fundamentos desde una revisión sistemática, tendencias desde un análisis bibliométrico y una arquitectura funcional propuesta(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-03) Zúñiga Sánchez, Luis Ramiro; Córdova Córdova, Edgar Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.Artículo AcadémicoItem Sistema inteligente de alarmas comunitarias con arquitectura IOT para la empresa Ecuaseg.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-01) Toapanta Toctaguano, Jhon Roberth; Vargas Guevara, Carlos Luis; Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.This thesis project describes the design and implementation of an Intelligent Community Alarm System based on an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture, developed to optimize citizen security processes for the company ECUASEG (Ecuadorian Electronic Security Company) in the city of Ambato. The current problem lies in the inefficiency of conventional alarm systems, which lack automated mechanisms for verifying early warnings, generating false positives and prolonged response times in risk situations. To overcome this limitation, the research was methodologically structured using a three-layer technological model: Perception, Network, and Application. In the perception layer, sensor nodes based on ESP32 microcontrollers and a video surveillance system coupled to a Raspberry Pi 4 were implemented. The latter integrates a YOLOv8 computer vision model optimized with the SORT algorithm, allowing for the real-time detection and tracking of objects and people in perimeter areas. Experimental results demonstrated 92.5% object detection accuracy with YOLOv8 and a 40% reduction in alarm transmission latency compared to traditional analog systems, while maintaining a packet loss rate of less than 1.2% under simulated network environments. In conclusion, the integration of machine vision and IoT validates the system's technical feasibility, offering a robust, scalable, and efficient solution for crime mitigation and strengthening community safety in the local context.