Maestría en Diseño Mecánico

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    Análisis del manejo de desecho de viruta metálica en la industria metal – mecánica del cantón Cevallos para establecer mecanismos de prevención y control del suelo contaminado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2018) Bonilla Parra, Santiago Rodrigo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    The investigation is based on the study of the dross management of metal chip waste in the metal-mechanic industry of the Cevallos town, its collection and final disposal and thus demonstrate the environmental impact they generate to the soil. Therefore, part of the chemical composition of the raw material used in said industry to determine the elements that constitute pollutants to the soil according to the parameters of soil quality, established in the Unified Text of Higher Environmental Legislation (TULSMA) . It was determined that the final disposal of metal chip waste from the metal-mechanic industry of Cevallos town, are the scrap deposits located in Ambato city, specifically in the deposits: Max Metal, Eco Recycling, Tungurahua and Huachi Grande; sites in which it was proved that there is a residual of metal chips deposited in the soil. To know the percentage concentration of heavy metals present in these soils, the method of atomic absorption by flame was used and to determine the morphology the use of a scanning electron microscope was required. From the analyzes carried out, it was determined that the concentration of heavy metals in these soils ranges from: (99-299) ppm Cr, (58-3000) ppm Cu, (19-60) ppm Ni, (299-998) ppm Mn being superior both to those detected in adjacent soils and to the maximum allowable by TULSMA of 54ppm Cr, 25ppm Cu, 19ppm Ni. Finally, as a control and prevention proposal, a metal chip separation system based on magnetism was designed, which according to the analysis was the most suitable for this industry. The designed system is oriented to be used in the metal-mechanic industry of the Cevallos town, since it is at this point where it can have greater control of the contaminating element, mentioned mechanism has a loading capacity of 4Kg, 12 electromagnets that produce 5.07Kgf each one, having a total of 60Kgf.
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    Diseño estructural de una silla de ruedas de bipedestación con sistema de verticalización y la incidencia en su eficiencia energética
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2018) Espín Guerrero, Víctor Rodrigo; San Antonio Serrano, Thalía Daniella
    The need to rehabilitate and return to a normal life for a person with disabilities has led technology to develop tools that help improve patient independence. The project is related to the design of a manual wheelchair that allows verticalization of the person thereby improving their participation in activities that cannot develop in a sitting position, as well as improvement in physiological aspects of their body. The design parameters were determined using several logically related methodologies such as the generalized description of a product, conceptual design application criteria involving the needs of the client with the KANO method and the deployment of quality control functions (QFD). The study of anthropometric measurements was a reference for dimensioning the elements of the final product. In addition energy efficiency was achieved thru selection of components with optimum capacities and power consumption. As a complement to the energy efficiency analysis, the energy expenditure of a person with a disability is involved, which results in a standing position metabolic energy consumption of 210 W/m2, compared to the value with which it was determined in the sitting position of 165 W/m2 of metabolic consumption for the development of the different activities. In conclusion the final design proposal of the prototype, whose modeling of the structure and the validation of the results generated was done with software based on the Finite element method for a static and dynamic analysis, verified that the maximum deformation results, maximum equivalent effort and minimum safety factors are kept within the parameters permissible for the model and selected materials. The project ended with the construction and testing of a prototype which, with the processes and labor employed, invest 55.33h, which has a low manufacturing cost compared to the costs of their peers.
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    Estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de los fluidos magnetoreológicos MRF-140CG para determinar su resistencia al flujo bajo la aplicación de campos magnéticos de intensidad variable
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Arteaga López, Oscar Bladimir; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The research assesses the extent to which the properties of MRF-140CG magnetorheological fluids are altered as the intensity of the magnetic field increases, in order to predict their behavior in devices that use these materials, thus contributing to the design of intelligent mechanical devices, each more sophisticated, reliable and efficient, according to each need. To measure the properties of the MRF-140CG fluid, a Anton Paar Physica MCR-501 rotational rheometer equipped with a MRD- 70 / 1Text magneto-rheological cell was used. From the results of the investigation, it was determined that Bingham's plastic model predicts the dynamic behavior of the MRF-140CG fluid with greater precision compared with others, with an average error rate close to 4%, demonstrating that in the absence of magnetic field the viscosity of the fluid decreases as the temperature increases, whilst under the action of a magnetic field, the resistance to the flow of the fluid increases with the intensity of the field, reaching a maximum value of 42.014 kPa at 800 mT.
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    Estudio ergonómico en el puesto de operario de planta de faenamiento en la empresa H&N Huevos Naturales Ecuador S.A y su incidencia en las condiciones laborales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Carvajal Naranjo, Miguel Alberto; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra Marlene
    The aim of the this researching was to carry out the ergonomic study in the position of operator of the slaughtering plant in the company H&N ECUADOR NATURAL EGGS A.S. and its impact on working conditions. The existence of risks in the developed activities causing musculoskeletal disorders was confirmed, and internationally recognized ergonomic assessment methods for forced postures and repetitive movements, REBA and CHECK LIST OCRA respectively, were applied. In the position of cutting chicken legs and classification there is a high risk level for forced positions and as workers perform repetitive movements in two or three positions, there are unacceptable medium and high risk levels per action by them. To establish a program for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in the position of slaughterhouse operator to reduce the levels of risk and as a company policy to protect the workers’ health is recommended.
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    Análisis de aceros y recubrimientos utilizados en tambores de mezclado de los mixers de la empresa Holcim Ambato y su influencia en el desgaste abrasivo bajo la norma ASTM G105
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Villacrés Padilla, David Andrés; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
    This research project was developed under the objective of analyzing the types of steels and coatings used in the mixing drums of the mixers of the HOLCIM company Ambato and its influence on the abrasive wear under the ASTM G105 standard, which tests were carried out from abrasive wear and an analysis of the rate of such coatings. For the development of the research, a bibliographic, field and experimental methodology was used, also exploratory and descriptive to address the study phenomenon that included 8 trials with the application of different configurations for the evaluation of the variable, besides a 40 sample scheme was developed with ASTM AISI 1020 steels and ASTM A514 grade F high strength steel corresponding to the Holcim Mixer drum, which were applied to three types of coatings such as nitrided, metallized and cemented. Due to this it was possible to conclude that the application of coatings and thermal treatments on the steels improve the characteristics and properties with respect to the abrasive wear, these processes contribute to a greater hardness and abrasive resistance. In addition, it is determined that, in the case of the amorphous tungsten alloy coating, it presents the greatest increase of hardness of the surfaces, which defines as the best treatment applicable in the steels, reason why a procedure for the recovery of the mixers according to the location of the parts of the mixer drum of the HOLCIM company.
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    Determinación de las causas que provocan las fallas en los soportes de rodamientos de arados para aumentar la vida útil de los rodamientos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Carrasco Santillán, Julio Antonio; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    In the present assignment a study is accomplished to predict the useful life of the bearings presented in the plow supports known as rowlock too, for which the analyzes of the problems presented in the system under study have been performed. Laboratory and field tests have been developed. One of the main problems in the industry is the attrition of the mechanical elements by abrasion and friction, in our case the bearings proved to be the critical elements from this point of view. So they were made from a material cast with more count of Manganese, to try to increase the wear resistance caused by abrasion of the ground against their faces and avoid the creep of the low carbon steel that causes deformation in the bearing housings. To characterize the new material, hardness, tensile, metallographic and electron microscopy tests were performed according to ASTM standards. First, reverse engineering was done by designing the element to be subjected to finite element analysis and determining the loads acting on it. Subsequent the spectrometric tests of the original elements were carried out and their chemical composition was determined. Next merge the new elements merge and the obtain of the test pieces are carried out with the new chemical composition and the above-mentioned tests are elaborated to characterize the material. Assembling the elements in the different implements are proceeded to submit them to work and determine by the orometer of the tractor such as the new useful life of the element. The result of an average increase of 25% in the same working conditions, with a cost no greater than 5%. By supporting the productive matrix, the agro and the producer, avoiding expenses caused by the replacement of these elements and unnecessary stops of the equipment.
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    Estudio biomecánico en el puesto de lavado de botellas de la industria ILA.S.A y su incidencia en las condiciones laborales de los trabajadores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Barreno Flores, Charles Fabián; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    The present research topic has been developed under the following parameters: Chapter I: Emphasis is given to the study of the biomechanical ergonomic risk factor in the glass bottle washing station as a general objective. Chapter II describes the approaches chosen for research being the qualitative - quantitative and hypothesized: the biomechanical ergonomic risk factor in the bottle washing station of the industry ILA.S.A affects the working conditions of workers. Chapter III: It establishes the operationalization of variables of index OCRA, REBA and the working conditions of the workers. Chapter IV: presents an analysis and interpretation of results of the OCRA index obtaining a maximum of 39 and by the method REBA check unacceptable working conditions. Chapter V: conclusions and recommendations based on general and specific objectives. Chapter VI: the proposal proposes the "implementation of a program of prevention of the ergonomic biomechanical risk factor to improve the working conditions of the bottle washing station of the industry ILA.SA" which will reduce the high indexes that present the workers on the postures and movements inadequate according to criteria of industrial safety and mechanical knowledge.
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    Efecto del tiempo en el proceso de homogenizado en la extrubilidad del aluminio 6063 en la empresa Cedal
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Reinoso Peñaherrera, Héctor Raúl; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The research carried out in the CEDAL company analyzes the changes in the mechanical and microstructural properties of the 6063 alloy and relates them to the defects present in aluminum extrusion in different batches that have been subjected to different homogenization times (4, 5 and 6 hours of support at 565oC). The report compares the values of mechanical strength, elongation, hardness, grain size and microstructural changes between the specimens before being homogenized and those specimens that have been homogenized for 4, 5 and 6 hours. In addition, given the traceability, it is possible to identify the defects present after the extrusion process and to associate them with the homogenization time, so that keeping the aluminum ingots in the homogenization oven for 5 hours at a temperature of 565oC represents the most appropriate option so that the alloy presents the best characteristics in the final product and as raw material to the extrusion process. A proposal is presented as the procedure that will guarantee the verification, control and validation of the raw material, as well as to guarantee its traceability and to associate it with the defects that occur in the extrusion process.
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    Estudio de la aleación inteligente con memoria de forma Cu-Zn para determinar su aplicación industrial
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Criollo Camacho, Marcia Ximena; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    In the present research work, the study of the intelligent alloy with Cu-Zn shape-memory was developed to determine its industrial application, five tests of casting with different quantities of alloying elements were conducted, mainly varying the quantities of Zn, until achieving a percentage of 59.32% Cu and 40.08% Zn, obtaining with this composition that the alloy behaves as an intelligent material with shape-memory, which returns to its predetermined form in the presence of an external stimulus, in this case the reaction to the presence of heat, it has characteristics such as superelasticity and thermal memory, the mechanical properties were determined based on ASTM standards, such as metallographic, traction, impact and hardness tests of the material obtained. In function of the properties achieved, an industrial application is given, proposing to use as a switch or actuator, which closes or opens a circuit when applying heat.
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    Análisis del blindaje del acero AISI 1045 por proyección térmica de aleación micropulverizada Eutalloy 11496 y su influencia en la resistencia al desgaste superficial
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Paredes Zumbana, Jorge Alexandro; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    In the present research, shielding tests were carried out on three surfaces of different roughness, which have as substrate the AISI 1045 steel, extracted from a cane miller. The three types of roughness were obtained by means of the processes of mechanical polishing with abrasive disc, sandblasting with mineral abrasive of volcanic nature and metallic blasting. The shielding material was the Eutalloy micropulverized alloy 11496, applied by means of the flame thermal projection technique. Shielded samples were subjected to abrasion wear tests and accelerated corrosion wear in a salt spray chamber; The results indicate that the best resistance to abrasive wear occurs in samples prepared superficially by sandblasting, which have a surface preheating between 320 and 420 ° C, to achieve a suitable anchorage of the metal alloy. The results of accelerated corrosion showed the highest corrosion rates in the unshielded substrate and it was also evidenced that the corrosion resistance in the shielding is good as long as there are no surface defects. Finally, a procedure proposal is proposed for the shielding of a cane mill tipping machine, in order to ensure that its useful life is favorable to milling with a duration of 8 months.