Maestría en Agronomía Mención Cambio Climático
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Item Impacto ambiental de la inclusión de saponinas en dietas fibrosas sobre la función ruminal y mitigación de emisiones de dióxido de carbono y metano entérico en bovinos(2020-10) Veloz Vargas, César Xavier; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate in vitro the effect of the inclusion of saponins and GISAG in fibrous diets on ruminal function, mitigation of GHG emissions, as well as ammoniacal nitrogen production; 6 bulls with ruminal cannulas were used, fed with a base diet of 50% maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum purpureum) plus 50% corn bale (Zea mays), the treatments were: T control only base diet, T2 base diet plus 3 % of saponins, T3 base diet of 3% GISAG (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and T4 base diet plus 3% saponins and 3% GISAG, a completely randomized design of 4 treatments and 6 repetitions was handled, the variables were analyzed through an analysis of variance in the SAS PROC GLM program and for the comparison of means, the 5% Tukey test was performed, the animals were housed in individual pens and water at will, with respect to the variable in vitro digestibility of MS showed no differences between treatments (P = 0.7684) while the population of protozoa in the rumen evaluated at different hours of fermentation, showed no differences (P> 0.05), except for Entodiniomorphic protozoa at hour 24 (P = 0.0001), the decrease in vitro of this population of protozoa observed at 24 hours in T2, with respect to gas production, was less (P = 0.0111) in the T2 treatment with 37.2 mL of gas / 0.5g DM fermentable, the methane production did not show differences between the evaluated treatments (P = 0.3592), however, the CO2 production was lower (P = 0.0196 ) in T2, the volatile fatty acids did not observe differences between the treatments; however, in ammoniacal nitrogen it was higher (P> 0.05) in treatments T2, T3 and T4, with T2 being the one with the best behavior in GHG mitigation and nitrogen utilization for the productive benefit of the animal.Item Producción de biogás utilizando biomasa residual pecuaria con fibra vegetal y enriquecida con lactosuero, como alternativa para mitigar los gases de efecto invernadero(2020-10) Moreno Castillo, Walter Eduardo; Muñoz Espinoza, Manolo SebastiánThe objective of this research was to produce biogas using residual livestock biomass with vegetable fiber and enriched with whey. Where it was evaluated: the effect of the combination of solid material in percentage value of 75% and 25%, while liquid at 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% concentration on the production of biogas as well as methane in vitro and the contents of volatile fatty acids were determined. The results accumulated at 312 hours reported indicate that T4 (167.83 ml) presents the highest obtaining of biogas in vitro, showing differences (P <0.05) between the evaluated treatments. Regarding the methane produced, T1 produced (1.78 ml) registering (P <0.05) significant differences between treatments, considering in its mixture 100% water, without any addition of serum, while T4, which involved 25% of milk serum in its composition, reported the highest release of methane with a volume of (1.32 ml), stabilizing the production after 192 hours between the treatments that contained serum in its formulation. The most volatile fatty acids detected (P = 0.0001) were acetic acid 69.96 mmol / mol in T4, propionic acid 25.05 mmol / mol, present in T1 (14.95 mmol / mol), T2 (14.28 mmol / mol), T3 (14.33 mmol / mol) and T5 (15.01 mmol / mol) of butyric acid. It can be concluded that the use of bovine excreta with vegetable fiber, enriched with whey at a reduced concentration of 25% of (T4), produces biogas and methane, which constitutes an energy alternative and allows reducing greenhouse gasesItem Producción de metano a partir de biomasa residual pecuaria enriquecida con desecho de cultivo de fresa (Fragaria ananassa) en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias(2020-10) Miranda Quitiaquez, Silvia Ximena; Muñoz Espinoza, Manolo SebastiánThe objective of the research is to determine the production in vitro of biogas, methane and AGVs by adding strawberry residues in pig and sheep manure at different concentrations, the experiment was carried out in the Ruminology laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, a completely randomized block design was applied, and the Tukey comparison test at 5% through the statistical system Infostat version 2019; the studied treatments were made with a standard raw material of pig herd manure , in combination with different proportions of fresh macerated strawberry and sheep flock manure as follows: T1 60% + 40% strawberry macerated; T2 Cerdaza 60% + 30% macerated strawberry + 10% sheep flock manure; T3 Cerdaza 60% + 20% macerated strawberry + 20% sheep flock manure; T4 Cerdaza 60% + 10% macerated strawberry + 30% sheep flock manure and T5 Cerdaza 60% + 40% sheep flock manure . The results observed in relation to the biogas production was higher (P = 0.0001) in the treatment T4 (201.2 mL / kg) and T5 (193.56 mL / kg), as well as the methane production was higher (P = 0.0001) in T4 (6.8 mL / kg) and T5 (7.0 mL / kg), referring about volatile fatty acids, a higher (P = 0.0001) production of acetic acid was observed in treatment T1 in relation to the other treatments. While for propionic acid the highest (P = 0.0001) production was observed in T3 and in butyric acid there weren't observed differences (P = 0.9807) between the evaluated treatments. Concluding that the strawberries was not decisive to increase the formation of biogas such as methane, however it was at the time of the formation of volatile fatty acids, which is verified as the best treatment T1 with the highest percentage of strawberry added to pig manure.