Carrera de Biotecnología
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Item Evaluación de la actividad biológica de los compuestos bioactivos fenólicos del extracto etanólico de Anís (Pimpinella anisum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Urbina Monroy, Diana Carolina; Pérez Aldás, Lander VinicioThis study evaluated the biological activity of phenolic compounds present in the ethanolic extract of Pimpinella anisum (green anise). The Soxhlet extraction method was used using 96 percent ethanol, obtaining a yield of 8 percent. The results revealed a total phenol concentration of 76.2 mg GAE per ml. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH and ABTS methods, showing a maximum inhibition of 66.47 percent and 76.32 percent, respectively, indicating that the extracts have the potential to neutralize free radicals. In addition, the anti-inflammatory capacity was determined by denaturation of egg albumin and bovine albumin, reaching maximum inhibitions of 68 percent and 78.48 percent respectively. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds of P. anisum possess significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, comparable with other plant extracts. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Tukey's test confirmed significant differences between the tested concentrations. The findings highlight the potential of P. anisum as a natural source of bioactive compounds with applications in various industries. Further detailed analysis is recommended to identify the specific compounds responsible for these biological activities and validate these results in vivo. The importance of implementing sustainable practices in the cultivation and harvesting of the plant to preserve its quality is also highlighted.Item Evaluación de la administración de un consorcio microbiano probiótico en la regulación de la glucosa y función lipídica en ratones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 inducida(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Córdova Vega, Génesis Rebeca; Garcés Moncayo, María DanielaThis research arises through the increase of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ecuador, until 2022, about 1.1 million Ecuadorians suffered from this condition, it is for this reason that it is required to develop new alternatives that allow minimize its effects. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect of the probiotic consortium from the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas in Ecuador, composed of a combination of 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria, among which stands out Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Weissella cibaria and Pediococcus pentosaceus, in the regulation of glucagon-1-like peptide, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins. To this end, 24 BALB/c mice were given type 2 diabetes mellitus through a high carbohydrate diet for 5 weeks, followed by 0.5 mL of the probiotic consortia administered orally for 4 weeks. The results showed that probiotics stimulated the production of short chain fatty acids, generating a significant increase in secretion of the peptide hormone similar to glucagon 1, improving glycemic control. It was also shown to have the potential to reduce the lipid profile by converting cholesterol into coprostanol and its subsequent fecal elimination. These findings underline the importance of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes and suggest that the administration of probiotic consortia is a promising complementary therapeutic strategy.Item Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de las cremas elaboradas a base del extracto de hojas y raíces de Plantago major L y Buddleja globosa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Chicaiza Coba, Sebastián Nicolás; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe present study highlights the importance of evaluating the antioxidant capacity of plant extracts, specifically from matico (Buddleja globosa) and plantain (Plantago major) leaves, due to their potential application in the pharmaceutical industry and in the formulation of dermocosmetics. These extracts represent a rich source of phenolic compounds, known to combat oxidative stress, prevent premature skin aging and promote skin health. To obtain the extracts, the maceration method was used, followed by the quantification of the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and total tannins (TTC) using the Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the DPPH method for both the extracts and a dermocosmetic cream. The results obtained showed TPC values of 15,930, 9,209, 2,400 and 2,682 mg GAE per g, while TFC values were 2,577, 2,319, 0.358 and 0.657 mg QE per g. TTC values reached 10,770, 7,944, 1,423 and 3,331 mg TAE per g, corresponding to matico and plantain leaves and roots. Regarding antioxidant capacity, the extracts presented values of 12,463 and 11,070 micromoles ET per g, while the cream showed a content of 7,694 micromoles ET per g. These results highlight the potential of matico leaf as a promising natural resource for developing dermocosmetic products with antioxidant properties, establishing a solid foundation for future research and innovative applications in this field.Item Eficiencia del almidón de chonta (Bactris gasipaes) como agente encapsulante sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de la doxiciclina(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Aponte Urrutia, Kerly Anais; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoDoxycycline is an antibiotic of great interest in the health area, since it serves as a treatment for a variety of bacterial infections, but it has a drawback since it tends to degrade very easily at the time of its production, that is why new alternatives have been sought to preserve its bioactive components and protect it from contamination and even increase its bioavailability with the help of microencapsulation which is a technique that uses encapsulating materials such as natural polymers in order to generate greater effectiveness in encapsulation. For this, three suspensions were made with different proportions, using analysis techniques and verification of microencapsulation efficiency which were, performance analysis, statistical analysis, thermograms by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antimicrobial evaluation, which was carried out by means of antibiograms of diffusion disks in Müller Hinton agar, to determine the inhibition of the microencapsulate against the E. coli bacteria. Through the different analyses carried out, it was obtained that the best performance and inhibition halos were given in the proportion 20:80, in addition to this, through the thermograms it was possible to observe the melting peaks where it was also represented that the best curve was that of the proportion 20:80. This is thanks to the fact that with a higher polymeric load, the percentage of microencapsulation efficiency increases. This could also be observed with the help of an-ANOVA analysis, which allowed the most significant performance to be seen through statistical graphs.Item Extracción, purificación y evaluación de inulina proveniente de la jícama (Smallanthus sonchifolius) y fruto de tuna (Opuntia ficus) en tres especies de microorganismos Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, y Bifidobacterium longum(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Velastegui Morales, José Hernán; Garcés Moncayo, María DanielaCurrently, food industrialization is more refined, generating products with low nutritional value. Causing the immune system to weaken and various gastrointestinal pathologies to appear. Therefore, it is recommended to include soluble fibers such as inulin in the diet. Jicama is made up of 14 percent carbohydrates and about 40 to 70 percent FOS. While prickly pear has 10 to 15 percent carbohydrates, among which inulin stands out. This study focused on obtaining inulin from jicama root and prickly pear fruit, in order to find new sources. Two extraction methods were applied, solid-liquid extraction which is based on the crushing of the raw material, followed by the addition of buffer at elevated temperatures of 80 degrees Celsius and ultrasound extraction which consisted of the application of sound waves of high frequency at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The influence of inulin from prickly pear and jicama on the growth rate and generation time of the probiotic microorganisms Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Bifidobacterium longum was evaluated. Lactobacillus acidophilus was the one that had a shorter generation time of 6.80 minutes with inulin from jicama with the ultrasound extraction method. It was determined that the best treatment is jicama with the ultrasound extraction method due to its operating factors.Item Determinación del efecto ansiolítico in vivo del extracto etanólico de ortiga macho (Urtica leptophylla Kunth) en ratones (Mus musculus)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Doicela Pingos, Lizbeth Estefania; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe research on the anxiolytic evaluation of a native plant from Ecuador, such as the analysis of the anxiolytic potential of the ethanolic extract of Urtica leptophylla Kunth, is crucial for mental health and biodiversity conservation. In a world where anxiety disorders affect an increasing number of people, finding natural and effective alternatives is vital. Additionally, this research merges traditional knowledge with modern science for the benefit of societies and the environment, highlighting the richness of Ecuadorian flora and its potential for sustainable development. The methodology employed included phytochemical tests that revealed the significant presence of phenols and flavonoids, supporting the antioxidant activity of the extract. The use of the Elevated Plus Maze test in mice (Mus musculus) to assess the anxiolytic potential of the extract from Urtica leptophylla Kunth. The exploration of the mice hippocampus response through biochemical tests (DPPH and Bradford) after the behavioral phase provided valuable insights into the extract's ability to counteract oxidative stress in the brain induced by immobilization stress. The results suggest a positive anxiolytic effect comparable to clonazepam, in addition to neuroprotective properties due to its antioxidant capacity. These findings pave the way for investigating and applying natural compounds in the treatment of mental illnesses and brain protection against oxidative stress. In summary, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the extract's properties and its potential for treating anxiety disorders and protecting the brain.Item Elaboración de liposomas por combinaciones de fosfolípidos para la encapsulación del antibiótico doxiciclina como sistema de administración de fármacos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Cruz Vasquez, Josué David; Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los ÁngelesThe development of nanodrug delivery systems is important for the better treatment of diseases. The objective of this study was to prepare liposomes with lecithin (CL) and cholesterol (CHO) for the encapsulation of the antibiotic doxycycline. This antibiotic is important in the treatment of bacterial infections and is administered orally. The preparation of the liposomes was carried out using the hydrated film method, evaluating different proportions of CL:CHO. Liposomes were characterized by infrared analysis (FT-IR), thermal analysis (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the stability of the liposomes in the digestive tract was evaluated through an in vitro simulation and also the best storage temperature was tested. It was determined that the ideal proportion of CL:CHO to obtain the liposomes was 70:30, this same proportion was the one that presented the best doxycycline encapsulation efficiency with 56 percent. The formation of spherical nanovesicles and the presence of chemical groups of each component were verified in the liposomes loaded with doxycycline. The liposomes maintained an average stability of percent, close to liposomes without digestion, and the best storage temperature was 4 degrees Celsius after two weeks. In conclusion, it has been shown that with CL and CHO are good elements for liposomes fabrication and drug encapsulation, such as doxycycline. These liposomes achieve an adequate encapsulation percentage and stability, which is why they have the potential to be applied as nanosystem for oral drug administration.Item Elaboración de liposomas por combinaciones de fosfolípidos para la encapsulación del antibiótico doxiciclina como sistema de administración de fármacos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Chávez Salazar, Hérman Alexis; Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los ÁngelesThe development of nanodrug delivery systems is important for the better treatment of diseases. The objective of this study was to prepare liposomes with lecithin (CL) and cholesterol (CHO) for the encapsulation of the antibiotic doxycycline. This antibiotic is important in the treatment of bacterial infections and is administered orally. The preparation of the liposomes was carried out using the hydrated film method, evaluating different proportions of CL:CHO. Liposomes were characterized by infrared analysis (FT-IR), thermal analysis (DSC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the stability of the liposomes in the digestive tract was evaluated through an in vitro simulation and also the best storage temperature was tested. It was determined that the ideal proportion of CL:CHO to obtain the liposomes was 70:30, this same proportion was the one that presented the best doxycycline encapsulation efficiency with 56 percent. The formation of spherical nanovesicles and the presence of chemical groups of each component were verified in the liposomes loaded with doxycycline. The liposomes maintained an average stability of percent, close to liposomes without digestion, and the best storage temperature was 4 degrees Celsius after two weeks. In conclusion, it has been shown that with CL and CHO are good elements for liposomes fabrication and drug encapsulation, such as doxycycline. These liposomes achieve an adequate encapsulation percentage and stability, which is why they have the potential to be applied as nanosystem for oral drug administration.Item Desarrollo de un método para la extracción de cannabidiol (CBD) a partir de flores de Cannabis sativa L. en el Laboratorio Neofarmaco del Ecuador CIA. LTDA.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Sánchez Guevara, Jazmine Estefania; Tubón Usca, Irvin RicardoThe development of new pharmaceutical products in laboratories suggests the rigorous quality control of these, especially of plant matrices such as Cannabis sativa L. The present project developed a method for the extraction of cannabidiol (CBD) from two types of flowers (untrimmed and trimmed). For which the different types of flowers were evaluated based on their organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics, yield and amount of CBD considering parameters of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP). Both types of flowers presented adequate morphological (color, aroma) and physicochemical (humidity, variety of trichomes) characteristics. However, the untrimmed flower presented a better extraction yield of 38.761 percent under decarboxylation and freezing conditions using 25 grams of plant material and 165 milliliters of ethanol for 24 days. In addition, the HPLC validation showed a correct linearity, precision (repeatability), limit of detection and quantification and suitability of the CBD standard. ANOVA also showed similar amount of CBD in the ethanol extract with values of 2.101 and 2.056 grams when the untrimmed flower was used under temperatures of -10 and 25 degrees Celsius respectively. The results support the suitability of the method using both types of flowers. However, to obtain higher yield and quantity of CBD it is ideal to use the untrimmed flower considering lower extraction temperatures, as well as longer decarboxylation times and temperatures. Finally, the method can be included in the quality control analysis in the Neofarmaco Laboratory.Item Microencapsulación de Pamoato de Pirantel de tipo comercial con polímeros Eudragit® como precursor de una nueva presentación de un fármaco antihelmíntico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Moreno Pacheco, Claudio Alejandro; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoMicroencapsulation by spray drying allows the production of amorphous solid dispersions that increase the solubility and stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in comparison with its crystalline form, considering that in the pharmaceutical industry about one third of compounds in early development are very poorly soluble in water. The objective of this project was the use of Eudragit enteric-coated polymers to produce microspheres of the broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug Pyrantel Pamoate, at different drug-polymer ratios, evaluated by different methods. The highest yield for microencapsulation was obtained with Eudragit S-100 (25:75) of 57.08 percent, followed by polymers L-100 (25:75) of 56.01 percent and L-100-55 (25:75) of 30.94 percent. In infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) the infrared spectra of the microencapsulated drug prevail in similarity with the infrared spectra of the polymer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows the disappearance of the melting peak of the pure drug in the thermograms of the microencapsulated drug and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows remarkably spherical and uniform microparticles. The results support the use of spray drying for the microencapsulation of Pyrantel Pamoate with Eudragit enteric-coated polymers to produce exposed microspheres stable against the low solubility of the drug in its crystalline form. In addition, this work serves as a precedent for the development of an oral presentation of the drug with greater efficacy, palatability, solubility, and physical stability.