Carrera de Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.ACTIVIDAD ANTIFÚNGICA

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de los aceites esenciales microencapsulados de Salvia rosmarinus (romero) y Mentha piperita (menta negra) frente a Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Chérrez Carriel, Allison Anabel; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an aromatic plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. As an essential oil, it provides various functions, the most notable being its antifungal activity due to its chemical composition of cineole and borneol. On the other hand, Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is an aromatic plant known for its intense flavor and minty aroma. Its essential oil contains potent antifungal properties, largely attributed to menthol, which can disrupt fungal cell membranes or completely inhibit fungal growth. This study focused on evaluating the antifungal activity of microencapsulated essential oils of rosemary and black peppermint against Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. The oils were encapsulated using the spray-drying microencapsulation method, employing a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic as microencapsulating polymers. In vitro tests were conducted with different concentrations of the treatments under study and compared with a control group. Results showed that black peppermint essential oil was the most effective in controlling the phytopathogenic fungus, achieving a 66.8 percent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. These findings suggest that the microencapsulation technique for essential oils holds great potential as a natural fungicide to control the phytopathogen C. fulvum Cooke in crops, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de los aceites esenciales microencapsulados de eucalipto (Eucaliptus globulus) y eneldo (Anethum graveolens) frente a Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Aldás Castro, Kevin Steve; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The tomato riñon (Lycopersicon esculentum) is a key vegetable in Ecuador, with a production of 55,550 metric tons, with the highlands being the main producing region. However, the excessive use of pesticides has led to resistance in pests and diseases, such as tomato leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), a destructive disease affecting the crop. Essential oils of eucalyptus and dill are used because they contain antimicrobial and antifungal properties, serving as an ecological alternative, though their effectiveness depends on various factors. Additionally, the microencapsulation of oils, using spray-drying techniques with a polymer blend of maltodextrin and gum arabic, helps improve their stability and controlled release. This can be automated in agriculture, reducing environmental contamination and improving the preservation of their bioactive properties. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and dill (Anethum graveolens) oils contain active compounds such as cineole and anethole, known for their potency in controlling pests and diseases, making them a sustainable option for agriculture. The qualitative efficiency of the microencapsulation process was evaluated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, the dilution method in agar and microdilutions confirmed the in vitro effectiveness of the oils at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 percent. The results showed that microencapsulated essential oils of eucalyptus and dill at concentrations of 30 percent or higher provide effective inhibition against the fungus Cladosporium fulvum Cooke.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de un microencapsulado rico en polifenoles del residuo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) frente a Botrytis cinerea
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Abril Díaz, Viviana Gabriela; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Currently, biotechnology is looking for alternatives to replace commercial fungicides in the control of pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, responsible for approximately 10 percent of annual crop losses. Research on the use of plant residues, whose metabolites fulfill this purpose without causing harm to the environment or humans, have emerged as central areas of study. Such is the case of sugarcane bagasse, rich in polyphenols with antifungal activity, being capable of being used in the future within the fields as a pest control agent. To obtain the extract rich in polyphenols, the organic solvent extraction method was used using ethanol at 30, 50 and 70 percent evaluated at 30, 45 and 60 minutes in a 1:20 plant material:solvent ratio. After this, the Folin test was performed to measure the concentration of total polyphenols, the best treatment being 50 percent at 30 minutes for 63 g per GAE. Next, microencapsulation of the concentrate was carried out at a 20:80 ratio using maltodextrin, using the spray drying technique, and its efficiency was evaluated using FTIR. Finally, the in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated at 10, 30 and 50percent microencapsulation as an antibiogram, obtaining a higher percentage of inhibition at 50 percent microencapsulation than the total average of the 8 days of the trial.
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    Evaluación del efecto antifúngico del microencapsulado de aceite esencial extraído de Schinnus molle sobre hongos fitopatógenos de interés agrícola
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Montachana Ibarvo, Josafat Alexander; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The molle is a tree of Andean origin that throughout history has been used for medicinal, culinary, textile purposes, among others, also demonstrating strong biological activity in the agricultural area for the control of pests in insects, bacteria, and fungi since it has antimicrobial properties. This is why its essential oil may be important for the development of a fungicide of biological and plant origin, which serves to control several agricultural diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. In the present research project, the essential oil of molle was extracted by the steam drag method, obtaining a yield of 2.8 percent, in addition to the conservation of the essential oil, the microencapsulation method by spray drying was used using of a mixture of polymers with maltodextrin and gum arabic as microencapsulating agents, in which the microencapsulation performance was qualitatively verified by means of Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, with the Kirby Bauer method, it was verified in vitro that with a concentration of 100 milligrams per milliliters of microencapsulated molle essential oil there is sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp and Fusarium spp.
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    Evaluación in vitro del efecto antifúngico del aceite de hierba Luisa (Cymbopogon citratus) microencapsulado frente a Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Núñez Cazares, Steven Rodrigo; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
    The lemon verbena plant (Cymbopogon citratus) has leaves that are very aromatic and elongated. It is the main producer of essential oils which allow it to carry out protective functions against pathogens. Due to its tranquilizing, antibacterial and antifungal properties, it is used in agriculture, food and medicine The present study focused on evaluating the antifungal effect of microencapsulated lemon verbena (C. citratus) essential oil against the pathogen Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. For this purpose, an in vitro methodology was developed using different concentrations of the microencapsulated oil and compared with a control group. The results obtained revealed that the microencapsulated lemon verbena oil showed a potent antifungal effect on C. fulvum. A significant inhibition of mycelial growth was observed at all concentrations evaluated, demonstrating its ability to combat the development of the pathogen. In addition, an analysis of the morphological characteristics of the treated colonies was carried out, where a marked alteration in texture and color was evidenced, suggesting a direct impact of the oil on the fungal structures. These findings suggest that microencapsulated lemon verbena (C. citratus) essential oil could be a promising alternative for the biological control of C. fulvum in future agricultural and crop protection projects. This research provides clear evidence of the antifungal potential of microencapsulated lemon verbena (C. citratus) oil against C. fulvum, which could represent a natural and sustainable solution for the control of this pathology in agriculture.
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    Actividad antimicrobiana de aceites esenciales de plantas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-03) Rojas Hechavarría, Miguel Alejandro; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
    Essential oils are volatile compounds product of the secondary metabolism of plants, these can have antimicrobial activity for both bacteria and fungi due to the varied composition of terpenes, phenols, among other molecules, this allows these compounds to be multipurpose in several branches of the industry such as pharmaceuticals or cosmetics, in this last one they also have antioxidant activity. The activity of the essential oils will be different for each plant and for each organism, to obtain a great variety of results, the individual activity of 47 plants was specifically searched, in which they were tested against different types of bacteria and fungi, once the information was collected it was classified according to their results, these focused on tests of inhibition halo using diffusion disc, in which a certain amount or concentration of essential oil is tested to reveal how strong the antimicrobial activity is. Based on these results that are presented in different research studies, they were classified according to their antimicrobial activity as high, moderate, low and no activity. Essential oils have a very varied activity and the information collected is a sample of the great potential that this type of compound can have, so the main objective has been to collect all the relevant information on the subject that can be found in databases of scientific data to facilitate future work with these types of compounds.