Ingeniería Mecánica

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    Análisis del proceso de obtención de un material compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzado con fibra natural y sintética mediante transferencia de resina por infusión al vacío (VARTM)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-08) Pichucho Baez, Oscar Augusto; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The generation of new composite materials that present good mechanical characteristics, for different user needs, is important to improve the production characteristics of local and even national businesses. It should also be taken into account that many times, this change must necessarily be friendly to the environment and generate the greatest amount of product, taking advantage of the minimum necessary resources; this maximizes productions and profits. This paper presents the characterization of the process that must be carried out to generate composite material laminates, with different parameterizations, made based on an epoxy resin matrix, reinforced with natural Chambira fibers, in different directions, and synthetic fiber, purely flat fiberglass fabric, through the Vacuum Infusion process, carried out with a vacuum pump. Bearing in mind that there may be variations in the forming process of said material, as well as in certain punctualities of the conforming elements. Subsequently, the acquired properties of each of the cases were verified, through an analysis of the production times, the weights before and after the forming process and a tensile test, made under the parameters of the ASTM D3039 standard, which provides us with the characteristics that must be analyzed of each tested specimen, this in order to verify the acquired qualities, as well as a possible comparison of the uses that the material may have.
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    Optimización bajo metodología de superficie de respuesta (MSR) del material compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzado con fibra de Chambira (Astrocaryum), curado al ambiente y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-01) Tintín Chicaiza, Andrés Santiago; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The present experimental work carried out the analysis of the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin composite material reinforced with chambira fibers, the material was molded through vacuum stratification with ambient curing in different periods of days. For the analysis to be carried out, the Response Surface Methodology (MSR) was proposed, using the Box-Behnken design establishing three input factors, each factor had three levels: orientation 1 of the chambira fiber: -45, 0, 45 degrees, orientation 2: -45, 0, 45 degrees and cure time of 12, 22 and 32 days. The design showed a specific number of treatments with different configurations of factors and levels for the destructive test of the specimens, the data obtained in this process were validated with the fulfillment of the parametric assumptions. The ANOVA variability of the values obtained in the MSR design was analyzed, emphasizing the significant effects and their incidence on the mechanical properties. Once the previous analysis had been carried out, the optimization of each mechanical property analyzed by means of the global desirability function. An optimal configuration was obtained by combining orientation 1 at 4.09 and orientation 2 at 6.81 degrees of spin and a cure time of 32 days, the composite desirability is 0.8323 and the variability of the properties is 99.95 percent.
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    Análisis estadístico con metodología de superficies de respuesta para la optimización de las propiedades mecánicas a tracción, flexión e impacto del material híbrido de matriz epóxica, reforzada con fibra de vidrio y abacá
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Cunalata Caiza, César Marcelo; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    In the present experimental work, the analysis of the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite material was carried out, which is reinforced by natural abaca fibers arranged in a flat weave and fiberglass in a thermostable epoxy resin polymer matrix This material was vacuum molded and subsequently subjected to a CO2 laser cut. In the work, a Response Surface Methodology MSR with a Box-Behnken design is proposed which establishes that the minimum of input factors to consider is three and for each factor three levels, which are: Orientation of the tissue of natural fiber: 0, 45, 90 sexagesimal degrees, Fiberglass thickness: 0, 1, 2 mm, and the Curing temperature: 20, 50, 80 degrees Celsius, With this configuration, the design suggests a specific number of treatments with different configurations of factors and levels, from which data will be obtained after the execution of the destructive tests, data that will be validated with the fulfillment of parametric assumptions, thus guaranteeing high reliability throughout the statistical analysis process, consequently the variability ANOVA of the data provided by the MSR design was examined, specifying the significant effects and their incidence on the mechanical properties, later the analysis is complemented with the optimization of each mechanical property analyzed through the desirability function. The results of this investigation determined that the optimal configuration of the factors to take advantage of the mechanical properties is: Orientation of the natural fiber 0 degrees, Thickness of fiberglass 0.76 mm and a Curing temperature of 42.42 degrees Celsius, the regression model of the MSR design explains up to 96,69 per cent the variability of the properties, with an Overall Desirability value of 0,7931.
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    Análisis numérico experimental de los componentes del material compuesto alternativo de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibras sintéticas utilizado para la fabricación y reparación de superficies de vuelo en las aeronaves del CIDFAE
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Telenchana Flores, Manuel David; Arroba Arroba, César Hernán
    The study of composite materials allows the use of new technological alternatives for the elaboration of aircraft elements. The analysis of these materials has a great value within the aeronautical field in view that the percentage of elements manufactured with this type of materials has been increasing, because the weight and operating costs of an aircraft are reduced. This research performs the characterization of the composite material of epoxy matrix reinforced with layers of flat fabric of synthetic fibers (carbon, aramid and glass) in different orientations which was achieved by combining manual stratification and vacuum, the compounds were subjected to tensile, bending and impact tests. In addition, a mathematical model is presented which predicts the elastic properties of the material based on a generalization of classical sheet theory. Finally, finite element simulation was used to contrast actual and experimental displacement results. The characterization and analysis of the tests determined that carbon fiber-reinforced compounds possess the best mechanical performance at traction and bending; however, aramid fiber-reinforced compounds have better impact resistance. The analytical method used to calculate elastic properties yielded results where the error percentage is in a range of 1percent-19 percent, while software simulation comparing the offset within the elastic zone yields error percentages not exceeding 0.2 percent.
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    Análisis del proceso de ranurado del material compuesto de matriz polimérica con resina epoxi y poliester reforzado con fibra de abacá
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Flores Jácome, Walter Giovanni; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    The following research has as an objective to study the behavior that the material composed by the polymeric matrix with epoxy resin and polyester reinforced with abaca fiber has, at the moment to be subject of a grooving process, changing mechanization process parameters such as the cut speed and the advance speed, as well as the kind of tool to use. It is based on the surface response method to design the experiment, obtaining 52 combinations, each with its respective replica, giving a total of 104 grooves with cut-off speed values between 25.13 and 75.4 m/min, and an advance between 0.08 and 0.12 mm/rev, it is also applied the use of two different milling tools; the first tool 103-S (Super Acabado “Plexiglas”) and the second 107-M (Diamond serrate with front cut), the obtained results were entrance delamination factors, exiting factors and rugosity, allowing to know the superficial quality of the mixture. At the moment to develop a simultaneous optimization of the parameters used in the machining with a combination of a 85.81 m/min cut speed, advance of 0.12828 mm/rev, kind of tool 103-S, and a polyester resin matrix, entrance and exiting delamination factors are obtained similar to 1.0281 and 1.0707 respectively, and a rugosity of 2.3460μm; such values could be the best surface quality for this mixture. To complement the research, UV degradation essays were elaborated with 50, 100 and 150 exposure hours, concluding as the maximum effort traction capacity for the epoxi resin which is in the 100 hours and the polyester one to the 50 hours.
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    Análisis del proceso de ranurado del material compuesto de matríz polimérica con resina epoxi y poliéster reforzado con cascarilla de arroz
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Cando Mullo, Luis David; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    Actually, the machining of composites has taken special importance in the industry dedicated to the production of structural components, however, due to the characteristics of these materials, a special sensitivity is observed to evaluate surface quality, so that as a contribution to the study of the machining of composite materials, an experimental research was developed focused on the analysis of the grooving process of the composite material made of polymer matrix reinforced with rice husk, which can be very useful in the bodywork industry and in the construction area as a replacement for wood and plaster. For the development of the grooving test, the response surface method based on the central composite design was used, from which 104 experiments were obtained to evaluate the surface quality, roughness and delamination factor (input and output) left by the machining process. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) the adequacy of the experimental model was corroborated where it was determined that the optimum material to execute a grooving process is the compound of RE + CA applying a cutting speed of 70 (m / min), advance of 0.1 (mm / rev), working with a 103 S tool, obtaining minimum input and output delamination and acceptable roughness for said process. In addition, tests of UV degradation and traction were developed to observe the behavior of the compound, noting that the RP + CA composite exposed to an exposure time interval of 0, 50, 100, and 150 hours exhibits increased resistance to tension unlike the composite material of RE + CA that shows a considerable loss of mechanical property.
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    Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibra vegetal (algodón) y fibra natural de STIPA ICHU (pasto de páramo) con secado natural y precocido para determinar propiedades mecánicas en la fabricación de elementos livianos de alta resistencia.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Iza Tutillo, Gabriela Anabel; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The present experimental work of mechanical characterization of a new composite material of epoxy matrix and fabric of Stipa Ichu + Cotton, with several parameters like the type of obtaining or drying of Stipa Ichu natural fiber (natural, precooked and natural drying with cleaning of NaOH) , Different volumetric fractions and variable reinforcement orientation, the study of this composite material has been proposed because we are located in an industrialized sector and are currently replacing the classical materials with polymer composites. The composite material is made to compression with two volumetric fractions 30% reinforcement-70% matrix and 45% reinforcement and 55% matrix, reinforcement orientations. The specimens were made in a steel mold and compressed, using mold release additives. Tensile, flexural and impact tests are performed based on ASTM D3039, ASTM D 7264, and ASTM D 5628 impact respectively. The data tabulated after the tests on the tensile, flexural and impact specimens are evaluated considering average values and standard deviation, determining the composite of best configuration to the composite case with a volumetric fraction of 70% matrix-30% reinforcement (tissue Of Stipa Ichu + cotton), with precooked fiber (stipa ichu) drying, cured for 23 days, with two layers of reinforcement, reinforcement orientation layer 1: 90°; Layer 2: 90°.
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    Caracterización mecánica y numérica del material híbrido de matriz epoxi reforzada con tejido plano de fibra vegetal (algodón) y fibra natural (fibra de cabuya)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Pacha Guashco, Segundo Santiago; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    The experimental work was based on the mechanical characterization of the hybrid matrix material of reinforced epoxy resin with layers of flat tissue between the fibers of cotton and fiber of cabuya with different orientations and different volumetric fractions, the study arose because at the present time the engineering of Materials presents great benefits for the technological and scientific development, which allowed to establish study of new materials with equal or better mechanical properties of the traditional materials that are used in the industry, and in this way replace the usual materials with new materials with the advantages In the weight and cost, with the group of specimens with better mechanical tensile characteristics was carried out a simulation by the method of finite elements using a software the same that was validated with real test and the percentage of error that existed between the results Obtained. The tests were performed under standards (traction-ASTM D3039, flexion-ASTM D 7264 impact-ASTM D5628) in this way was established the group of specimens with better mechanical properties of the cases studied. With the data of the real test and the corresponding analyzes, the material with better mechanical properties was established when subjected to the tests of tensile, flexion and impact was case 1 and case 2, case 1 conformed of 75% of epoxy resin as Matrix, as reinforcements 3 layers of flat tissue between the cotton fibers with the amount of 7.50% in angle of 90 ° and the fiber of cabuya with 17.50% in angle of 0 ° while the case 2 conformed of 70% Of epoxy resin as a matrix, as reinforcement 3 layers of flat tissue between the cotton fibers with the amount 7.50% in angle of 90 ° and the fiber of cabuya with 22.50% in angle of 0 °, the stratification of all the Specimens was compressed.
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    Estudio del comportamiento a fatiga mecánica por flexión de materiales compuestos con fibra de cabuya (30%) y matriz poliéster (70%) para determinar el diagrama S-N
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2014-12) Carrillo Ramírez, Diego Armando; Guamanquispe Toasa, Jorge Patricio
    Para la elaboración de este proyecto se analizó las propiedades mecánicas como el comportamiento de la vida a fatiga mecánica por flexión para determinar el diagrama S- N. y se determinó el proceso de obtención de las probetas para el ensayo a fatiga mecánica por flexión, la misma que fue mediante la conformación por molde de compresión, las probetas fueron preparados según la norma ASTM D671, la cual especifica los especímenes usados en las pruebas de fatiga axiales, Se realizó el análisis de la selección del tipo de fibra de cabuya, la misma que fue la fibra larga, debido a que la probeta con fibra larga soporta un mayor esfuerzo en comparación con la probeta de fibra corta dispersa. Se pudo identificar que la temperatura influye directamente en la resistencia a fatiga por flexión. Se determinó mediante la regresión una relación matemática del esfuerzo en función del número de ciclos. En el método de ensayo fue utilizada la máquina de cantiléver con probetas estandarizadas empotradas en los extremos uno fijo y otro móvil con una frecuencia de 30 Hz. Con espesor de 8 mm, sobre los cuales generaron deformaciones y según la deflexión que se le aplicaba el esfuerzo iba variando, mediante un contador electrónico se determinó el número de ciclos hasta la falla y así poder tener la información necesaria para generar la curva mencionada anteriormente. Y así tener ventajas favorables en los aspectos económicos y ambientales.