Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para ejercitar dorsales altos y bajos destinada para el gimnasio del Campus Huachi del centro deportivo de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-07) Mopocita Ortiz, Oscar Fabricio; Correa Jácome, Juan FranciscoThis research project focuses on the design and construction of a machine designed to exercise the upper and lower back. The proposed equipment will be delivered to the gym on the Huachi campus of the Sports Center of the Technical University of Ambato. The need arises due to the absence of a machine with these characteristics in this location. To address this challenge, necessary anthropometric body measurements were taken of the students who will frequent this gym, with the purpose of developing an ergonomic design that guarantees optimal health and efficient performance for those who use this new addition. The importance of having ergonomic equipment adapted to the measurements and needs of the users lies in the reduction of injuries derived from inadequate postures or the use of machines not specifically designed for students who practice sports in this environment. To achieve this objective, a rigorous mechanical design process will be carried out using the software tool specialized in this type of designs. In addition, an analysis and simulation will be carried out in CAE engineering, a crucial tool for evaluating parts and assemblies subjected to individual or simultaneous physical phenomena. In the course of this research, electronic devices and specialized software will be used, which will provide detailed mechanical models of the equipment to be developed. From these models, the most efficient design will be selected to carry out the construction of the equipment. In addition, an exhaustive analysis of the parts and assemblies subject to physical phenomena will be carried out, allowing a comprehensive validation of the project. It should be noted that the materials necessary for the construction of the machinery will be purchased locally, within the province of Tungurahua. These materials will undergo mechanical processes during the assembly and construction of the equipment, thus ensuring the quality and efficiency of the final product. Keywords: Anthropometry, ergonomics, properties, mechanics, mechanical design, physical phenomenItem Diseño y construcción de un molde para la elaboración de platos desechables a partir de material biodegradable de bagazo de caña de azúcar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Guamán Cando, Brayan Manuel; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe increase in the use of single-use products and items, primarily made from petroleum derivatives such as plastic, contributes to environmental pollution due to inefficient recycling and disposal practices. This necessitates the exploration and development of new materials with biodegradable properties. The objective of this work is to encourage and promote research and the use of biodegradable materials. To achieve this, a mold was designed and constructed for the production of plates using biodegradable material derived from sugarcane bagasse. A hypothetical-deductive research approach was employed, considering design parameters for mold construction and specific standards for its use in food-contact processes. Thermal-structural analyses of the mold were conducted using specialized software, simulating situations with predetermined conditions. Regarding the biodegradable material, various experimental tests were conducted based on quantities previously explored in earlier research. Modifications were made to the recommended amounts, and their behavior was observed until optimal performance was achieved. Tests were conducted to verify the mechanical properties of the obtained product. Based on the results of mechanical tests (bending and impact tests) performed on the biodegradable material, it was determined that the optimal composition includes 20 grams of sugarcane bagasse, 35 grams of potato starch, and 33 milliliters of water, under pressing conditions of 110 degrees Celsius and 8 bars.Item Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal tipo UV de acero a36, para espesores de 6 mm y 8 mm(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Mayancha Vargas, Edward Joel; Quizhpe Bustamante, Boris Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínIn order to determine the variation of mechanical properties such as hardness, yield stress, modulus of elasticity, maximum load, grain size variation and elongation percentage, comparing them in curved areas and flat areas of a cold-formed profile of UV type section. Tensile, hardness and micrographic tests were developed, ASTM A-36 steel material was used with thicknesses of 6 mm and 8 mm, obtaining specimens for their respective tests under ASTM E8 standards for tensile tests, ASTM E112 for micrographic and the hardness method used was Brinell HBW for hardness tests with ASTM E10 standard, when performing the tests and trials on the virgin material and the cold-formed material of UV type section, it was determined that there are better results of mechanical properties in the curved areas of the cold-formed profile due to its stress concentration, this much more specifically for the specimen of higher thickness for its cross-sectional area, after comparing all the results obtained it was observed that the maximum value of yield stresses in its curved part was 482.81 MPa compared to its wings that have a minimum value of 210.93 MPa. As a result, it was proved that there is a variation of mechanical properties after a cold forming process for an A-36 steel material, which will be very helpful for future research.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para producir platos con material biodegradable para el Laboratorio de Materiales de la FICM-UTA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Guamanquispe Salas, Paúl Aníbal; Pardo Domínguez, Alex Fabricio; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueFrom an environmental protection point of view, it makes sense to stop using singleuse containers made of polluting plastics and start using biodegradable and compostable products. Biodegradable and compostable tableware is much more environmentally friendly compared to disposable plastic tableware. A biodegradable material decomposes much faster than plastic, thus acting as a solution to a major issue today. Technical and technological know-how was provided to design and build a machine to produce dishes with biodegradable material. Research on biodegradable materials and how it can be transformed into a single-use container was carried out. Afterwards, the design was made considering several proposals of other examples and following design parameters, as well as standards related to the subject. The prototype was built and finally the tests were carried out with a proposed raw material, which is based on wheat bran. The biodegradable plates were manufactured by programming the prototype at a temperature in the matrices of 140 degrees Celsius, a pressure of 7 bars and within one minute a biodegradable plate of approximately 70 grams was obtained. Once the biodegradable plate was achieved, some tests were carried out to get an idea of its mechanical properties, especially its resistance to bending.Item Análisis del proceso de soldadura GTAW y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas en juntas a tope del acero AISI 304 empleadas en la industria alimenticia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-01) Pazmiño Chimbana, Jonathan Ricardo; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryIn the food industry, it has been observed that in the manufacture of hoppers there is no analysis of the mechanical properties in butt and bevel weld joints using AISI 304 stainless steel with ER308L, ER309L and ER316L filler material through a GTAW welding process. Among the most relevant mechanical properties we highlight the tensile strength MPa, Brinell hardness (HB) and absorbed energy (J), these mechanical properties can vary by the type of joint, thickness and filler material. The development of this investigative work is based on the AWS D1.6 standard, which establishes general welding parameters for stainless steels, for butt and bevel welding of the plate at 6 mm thickness, the root pass was required., the hot pass and the finish pass while for welding on 3mm thick plates, 2 root and finish passes were carried out. The mechanical tests were carried out in the body building development center of the city of Ambato and with the help of trained technicians, more precise data was obtained from each test carried out. The data obtained in the equipment were tabulated to relate them and to be able to determine which filler material gives us a better mechanical behavior when welding AISI 304 steels.Item Optimización de respuestas múltiples (DOE/MSR) de propiedades mecánicas del material híbrido de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibra sintética (KEVLAR) Y natural (CHAMBIRA)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-03) Amaya Jaya, Liliana Estefanía; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe present experimental investigation began with the elaboration of a hybrid material of epoxy resin matrix and chambira and kevlar fiber reinforcement, based on the optimization of the mechanical properties and through the analysis under the response surface methodology. The composite material was molded using a vacuum stratification method to be cured at different temperatures, after which a laser cutting process was carried out. For the analysis, the factors that intervened directly through the Box-Benken design were taken into account, orientation 1 of -45.45 and 0 degrees, orientation 2 of -45.45 and 0 degrees and temperature of 60, 90 and 120 degrees centigrade, with the exact number of factors, a specific configuration of factors and levels was made, its parametric assumptions executed by the ANOVA variability analysis after the execution of the tests being valid, giving as an optimal result a predicted value of an orientation 1 (-7.727 degrees), orientation 2 (3.18 degrees) and temperature (106 degrees centigrade), presenting a desirability of 0.4887 percent, which allowed reaching highly favorable values for all its properties.Item Optimización bajo metodología de superficie de respuesta (MSR) del material compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzado con fibra de Chambira (Astrocaryum), curado al ambiente y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-01) Tintín Chicaiza, Andrés Santiago; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe present experimental work carried out the analysis of the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin composite material reinforced with chambira fibers, the material was molded through vacuum stratification with ambient curing in different periods of days. For the analysis to be carried out, the Response Surface Methodology (MSR) was proposed, using the Box-Behnken design establishing three input factors, each factor had three levels: orientation 1 of the chambira fiber: -45, 0, 45 degrees, orientation 2: -45, 0, 45 degrees and cure time of 12, 22 and 32 days. The design showed a specific number of treatments with different configurations of factors and levels for the destructive test of the specimens, the data obtained in this process were validated with the fulfillment of the parametric assumptions. The ANOVA variability of the values obtained in the MSR design was analyzed, emphasizing the significant effects and their incidence on the mechanical properties. Once the previous analysis had been carried out, the optimization of each mechanical property analyzed by means of the global desirability function. An optimal configuration was obtained by combining orientation 1 at 4.09 and orientation 2 at 6.81 degrees of spin and a cure time of 32 days, the composite desirability is 0.8323 and the variability of the properties is 99.95 percent.Item Optimización bajo metodología de superficie de respuesta (MSR) del material compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzado con fibra de chambira (astrocaryum) y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Plasencia Tercero, Jhonny Michael; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe experimental research is focused on the mechanical characterization of the epoxy resin composite reinforced with chambira fiber. In the experimental work, the analysis of the mechanical properties of the new composite material was carried out, which was molded by vacuum stratification and later cured at different temperatures, in addition, subjected to CO2 laser cutting. The research raises the analysis of the response surface methodology directed to the BoxBehnken design which establishes three input factors with three levels for each factor: fiber orientation OC1 -45.0, 45 degrees, OC2 -45, 0.45 degree and curing temperature of 60, 90, 120 degrees centigrade. The design suggests a specific number of treatments for the destructive test of the specimens, data that will be validated by fulfilling the parametric assumptions. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the adequacy of the model for each mechanical property was corroborated, emphasizing the significant effects and their incidence on the mechanical properties, to complement the analysis, the optimization of each treatment is carried out through the desirability function. The results reveal that the optimal configuration of the composite material where the mechanical properties are used is by combining the OC1 of -35.9 degree; the OC2 of 45 degree and a temperature of 60 degree centigrade, predicted values of desirability with a value of 0.5871, it is also understood that the model explains 96.6 percent of the variability of the properties.Item Caracterización mecánica de un material compuesto de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y malla de acero para determinar las propiedades mecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Alomaliza Masaquiza, Darwin Iván; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryIn this work, an experimental investigation of a composite material for the determination of the mechanical properties made up of polyester resin reinforced with fiberglass and steel mesh was carried out. In this composite material, the steel mesh reinforcement has 2 different types such as: galvanized steel mesh and stainless steel mesh, the number of fiberglass layers was varied, the preparation of the test pieces was carried out by compression stratification with a mold Constructed of A36 steel material. In this research the purpose is to find the best configuration that provides high mechanical properties, the specimens are tested and manufactured according to ASTM standards, for tensile testing the ASTM D3039 standard was implemented, in the bending tests the ASTM D7264 standard and test to impact according to ASTM D5628. After being tested the specimens, tabulated and collected the data. The configuration that presents the best results is that of 2 layers of fiberglass, 1 layer of stainless steel mesh cured at 25 degrees centigrade in the environment, made with compression stratification, resulting in a maximum tensile stress of 64.01 (MPa), maximum bending stress of 145.85 (MPa) and mean failure energy of 0,910 (J).Item Análisis de la réplica del material compuesto alternativo de matriz epoxi reforzada con fibras sintéticas para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en las superficies de vuelo en las aeronaves del CID-FAE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-01) Silva Barrionuevo, Vinicio Daniel; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoGiven the problem of finding an alternative composite material for application in the manufacture and repair of aircraft flight surfaces of the CID-FAE, there is a need to venture into a new material with more optimal mechanical properties for aircraft. For this, 22 case studies were elaborated with several combinations of fibers like glass, aramid, carbon and copper with different number of layers (7, 8 or 9) and different orientation of the same (0, 45 or 135 degrees). In the test tube’s made in vacuum were carried out tensile, bending and impact tests under ASTM D3039, ASTM D7276 and ASTM D5628-10 standards respectively. Obtaining the data of mechanical´s properties of the study cases, we proceeded to carry out design of experiments using a DCA Design completely at random since it was the most optimal for the case study with an input factor of the number of layers and their orientation and levels (7, 8 and 9) and (0, 45 or 135 degrees) respectively. Determining that the essay of test tube with best performance and mechanical properties was the so-called S composed of 6 carbon fibers at 0 degrees, 1 at 135 degrees and 1 copper fiber at 0 degrees, being the essay suggested for use in aircrafts since it has a Force at the traction of 639.57 MPa, Bending stress of 453.94 MPa and Impact energy of 3.39 J.