Ingeniería Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.MÓDULO DE ELASTICIDAD

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    Obtención y caracterización físico-mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de la oca (Oxalis Tuberosa)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Tocalema Tisalema, Nelly Marisol; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, traditional polymers have a wide range of applications, especially in the packaging industry, where a considerable number of tons are used per year. However, they have drawbacks that must be taken into account. Commercial plastics are manufactured using raw materials from non-renewable resources, such as oil, whose availability is decreasing and its price constantly increasing. Furthermore, they persist in the environment for extended periods of time, causing major environmental problems. This work was developed in three essential stages to obtain optimal results. The first stage consisted of the extraction of goose starch, using a juice extractor, followed by obtaining the biopolymer through a design of experiments (DOE) by mixing, at room temperature and a curing time of 8 days. The second stage included the characterization of the biopolymer, carried out according to the ASTM D638 (Tensile) standard, using a universal testing machine, and the evaluation of biodegradability in accordance with the INTE ISO 14855-1 standard, through ground and air tests. In the third stage, the results obtained were tabulated and analyzed using statistical software. This allowed us to statistically test the assumptions and verify the significance of the model (ANOVA) to identify the best compound. The results showed a maximum tensile stress of 4.10 MPa, an elastic modulus of 23.86 MPa, an elongation of 5.3 percent, in biodegradability tests, a weight loss of 53.36 percent in air and 58.77 percent in the earth.
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    Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal UV de acero A572, para espesores de 10 mm y 12 mm
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Aldas Castro, Oscar Damián; Tasigchana Bonilla, Jimmy Ismael; Peña Jordan, Francisco Agustin
    The cold forming process generates an amount of residual stresses due to the presence of dislocations in the structure that produces an increase in the internal energy of the material. Currently, cold-formed steels have had a wide growth in the market due to their lighter weight, ease of forming and better mechanical properties. With the advances in technology, the behavior of complete sections can be studied in greater detail. The mechanical behavior of ASTM A572 grade 50 steel was studied, due to the cold forming process of the UV type section for 10 and 12 mm thickness. To evaluate the mechanical properties, specimens were obtained by water jet cutting, since they do not undergo stresses or thermal loads. Then, the hardness variability along the UV section was evaluated both in the internal and external part. Finally, the affected parts and the distance of the onset of residual stresses were identified through the visualization of the modification of the grain size. The results of the study by the cold forming process of UV type section for 10 and 12 mm thickness, show that there is a significant increase of the yield stress, a reduction of the ductility and there is no significant difference of the modulus of elasticity. In addition, the variability of Brinell hardness and grain affectation was determined at 1.1 times the plate thickness from the end of the curve.
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    Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal tipo UV de acero a36, para espesores de 6 mm y 8 mm
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Mayancha Vargas, Edward Joel; Quizhpe Bustamante, Boris Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    In order to determine the variation of mechanical properties such as hardness, yield stress, modulus of elasticity, maximum load, grain size variation and elongation percentage, comparing them in curved areas and flat areas of a cold-formed profile of UV type section. Tensile, hardness and micrographic tests were developed, ASTM A-36 steel material was used with thicknesses of 6 mm and 8 mm, obtaining specimens for their respective tests under ASTM E8 standards for tensile tests, ASTM E112 for micrographic and the hardness method used was Brinell HBW for hardness tests with ASTM E10 standard, when performing the tests and trials on the virgin material and the cold-formed material of UV type section, it was determined that there are better results of mechanical properties in the curved areas of the cold-formed profile due to its stress concentration, this much more specifically for the specimen of higher thickness for its cross-sectional area, after comparing all the results obtained it was observed that the maximum value of yield stresses in its curved part was 482.81 MPa compared to its wings that have a minimum value of 210.93 MPa. As a result, it was proved that there is a variation of mechanical properties after a cold forming process for an A-36 steel material, which will be very helpful for future research.
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    Obtención de un material compuesto de matriz poliéster y lana de oveja para evaluar el comportamiento mecánico
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Espín Medina, Christian Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The production of sheep wool is one of the natural resources that are not used at present, its cost is relatively low and friendly to the environment, so in the present experimental project a composite material was developed that is based on a polyester resin matrix and reinforcement configuration of sheep wool, in which two types of volumetric fractions were taken 70% matrix - 30% reinforcement and 60% matrix - 40% reinforcement, two types of configurations were also made of reinforcement: discontinuity to the longitudinal axis and discontinuity to the transverse axis. The manufacturing of the specimens was carried out in a compression steel mold. The tensile and bending tests were carried out in the Metalmecánico Carrocero Productive Production Center and the impact test was carried out in the Materials Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. By means of tensile, bending and impact tests performed on the specimens and under ASTM D3039-00, ASTM D7264-07 and ASTM D5628-10 standards respectively, the composite material that obtained the best mechanical characteristics was determined, being this group 2 the which is composed of 70% polyester matrix and 30% sheep wool, with a configuration of discontinuity to the transverse axis.