Ingeniería Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.MÁQUINAS HIDRÁULICAS

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    Diseño y construcción de un sistema para mantener el caudal constante a la entrada de una turbobomba
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-06) Soto Andino, Elvis Geovanny; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    Technical project was developed because of the importance of incorporating a system to monitor and control the flow at the inlet of a Pelton turbine turbopump in real time from a specific control point. This system will allow a real flow to be leveled through a motorized valve at any base flow that is within the opening range and keep it constant. The control program was developed in the LabWIEW software, from this program the system could be controlled. For the operation, essential data was provided such as: base flow rate, initial valve opening and run times, the program recorded the data entry in real time, processed and executed the action of opening or closing the valve by energy pulses. The data taken from flow and revolutions jointly with the time data and valve opening percentage generated by the program in each time interval, an Excel file will be stored and exported at the end of the assay. An ultrasonic flowmeter was used to measure and record the flow rate value in the pipeline, these data are sent via Wifi signal to the control point and a Hall sensor to record the revolutions (rpm) on the turbine shaft. The valve takes between 130 and 170 seconds to level to the desired Flow, the installation and operation tests of the equipment were carried out in the "Cal y Piedra" waterfall located in the Mocha Canton.
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    Diseño y construcción de una mini turbina tipo tornillo de Arquímedes para ser instalada en canales primarios abiertos y generar energía mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Lucio Yugsi, Daniel Mesías; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    Using the data obtained in the channel, the mechanical and hydraulic design of the mini screw-type turbine of archimedes was carried out, for which it was of great need to use several documents of previous works on the subject, however, the most relevant document was "Design of a hydraulic turbine based on the screw of Archimedes", which is a thesis made by Julio Cesar Alberto Mejía. Most of the screw was made with A36 steel, except for the axle, and the bearings, these materials were not manufactured, but only purchased on the market. An optimal design was carried out for which the measurements of the channel, the weight of the structure, its assembly and transport were taken into account. It was determined that the construction of the turbine should have a length of 3 meters, a width of 2 meters and a height of 1 meter, with the tests the revolutions delivered by the mini turbine were measured, resulting in values between 125 and 160 rpm. Finally, taking into account all the tests, it was noted that at the exit of the ovals, a greater water velocity is obtained.
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    Diseño y construcción de una mini-turbina hidráulica tipo MICHELL – BANKI para ser instalada en canales primarios abiertos y generar energía mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Ibañez Solis, Lenin Edwin; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    With the hydraulic data of the canal, the mechanical and hydraulic design of the Michell-Banki mini turbine was carried out. It was necessary to use several bibliographical documents such as published magazines and books, but the most important one was the "Design Manual, standardization and manufacture of equipment for small hydroelectric plants "published by OLADE. The parts of the turbine such as the blade, impeller, flange and shaft are clearly plastic materials because they will be subject to the action of water and thus extend the useful life of the components. For an optimal design an efficient alternative was considered, which is the manipulation of the turbine, this would have to be portable and as light as possible, for which it was decided to make a design with the mentioned characteristics. The turbine was built with a width of 49.7cm to optimize the material, a result table was obtained when the turbine was submerged at different heights, there it was found that the turbine has different efficiencies. When performing the tests, it was determined that there is an error ranging from 14% to 22% between the calculation of revolutions and torque produced in the software simulation and data obtained in the channel. Finally, it was found that the highest efficiency of the turbine is given to the output of each oval, this is because the water speed is 1.3m / s in a constant manner unlike the different parts along the channel , since, with a low level of water, the speed of the fluid also decreases.
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    Diseño y construcción de una turbina tesla para un banco de pruebas de comprobación de eficiencia en la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Cabrera Acosta, Santiago Fabricio; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    The present project starts from the need to continue developing different sources of renewable energy generation. For the development of the construction and design of the Tesla turbine was based on the quantitative analysis of the flow rate and angular velocity in the transmission axis to determine the dimensioning of its mechanical elements having as main source of research in scientific articles related to the Area of renewable energy, turbine construction, fluid mechanics and mechanical design. The execution of the prototype assembly was carried out in the first instance with the stator casting in nodular iron using the machining operations on lathe and grinding, in the following instance the cold cutting CNC of the disks in stainless steel AISI 304 was made creating the external diameter of the impeller, then drilled the fluid exhaust holes, similarly proceeded to the construction of the side covers, cutting the PMMA sheet in the CNC machine to later center the holes in the lathe so that in it rests the parts of the turbine, also used the lathe for the manufacture of the shaft in stainless steel AISI 304 and the bearings in aluminum, in addition installed a digital control system programmed in arduino, sensed by a flow meter of hall effect To view the amount of water entering the turbine. For the installation of the hydraulic circuit was used 1 in, ½ in, ¼ in, ¾ in pipes with their respective accessories simulating fluid movement with a 3/4 HP motor pump with negative suction type. In order to finish it was carried out the respective tests of operation that allowed the correction of dimensions and some mechanical elements, also was verified the number of revolutions, the inflow rate to the turbine Tesla to obtain its efficiency and the curves of behavior in which they intervene besides the pressure and voltage. The mechanical efficiency is indicated with a value of 14% with a speed of 215 rpm and a flow rate of 18.5 l / min, obtaining a voltage of 3 V in direct current.
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    Estudio del fenómeno de la cavitación en una bomba centrífuga de 1 HP y su influencia en los parámetros de rendimiento energético en la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2014-11) Vargas Badillo, Santiago Fabián; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    El presente estudio analiza el fenómeno de cavitación en una bomba centrífuga de 1HP y evalúa el efecto que ésta ocasiona en los parámetros de rendimiento. Para esto en primer lugar se investigó las causas que generan cavitación, así como también el mecanismo que tiene este fenómeno dentro en un sistema de bombeo, posterior a esto se realizó un esquema hidráulico que nos sirva para analizar este fenómeno y se decidió utilizar el Banco de Pruebas Hidráulicas “Bombas Centrífugas” del laboratorio de hidráulica de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, con el banco en disposición para su uso, se programó realizar procedimientos para tomar datos de rendimiento energético y observar el efecto que tenía la cavitación sobre la bomba, luego se analizará todo lo ocurrido en el banco de pruebas. Posteriormente a la toma de datos se analizó los resultados obtenidos del rendimiento de la bomba y se justificó los procedimientos realizados con cálculos, conceptos teóricos y experimentales; para luego concluir con valores cuantitativos y cualitativos que en efecto la cavitación genera problemas en la bomba centrífuga. Consecuente a esto se recomendó pautas para tener en cuenta al realizar el estudio. Finalmente se propone realizar una simulación computarizada del fluido en la bomba centrífuga para analizar y observar las presiones de flujo así como también la generación de cavitación. La simulación debe acercarse en lo posible a la realidad para obtener valores bastante cercanos a los obtenidos en la práctica experimental. Una vez que la simulación sea aceptable se procederá a comparar datos con la realidad y se realizarán cambios en las condiciones del fluido para evaluar su efecto.