Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Análisis de propiedades mecánicas a utensilios biodegradables(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Araujo Pérez, Kevin Ricardo; Reinoso Manobanda, Marlon Joel; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThis analysis aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of biodegradable spoons and forks to determine their viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional utensils. The development of prototypes from biodegradable materials allows competition in relation to plastic products due to their high contamination worldwide. Mechanical parameters were analyzed to determine whether the material used in the fork and spoon prototypes are efficient and comparable to plastic utensils. These mechanical parameters include bending, tensile, hardness and hydrophobicity, the first three parameters are performed on a universal mechanical testing machine, while the last one is performed in a conventional way with a design program, where the contact angle was measured. The materials used for the fork and spoon prototypes are a key element to achieve similar properties to plastic and biodegradable utensils already on the market, so corn starch and wheat starch were chosen. The analysis of these parameters was compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained showed that the utensils made from wheat starch have similar characteristics, being in some aspects superior to plastic and biodegradable utensils on the market. In addition, their hydrophobic behaviour was optimal, as the contact angle exceeded 90 degrees at most points, making them a viable alternative for the biodegradable utensil industry.Item Estudio de dureza en materiales biodegradables para la elaboración de cuchillos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Machado Muñoz, Elias Bladimir; Yancha Masaquiza, Michael Paúl; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe study aims to analyze the resistance and viability of various biodegradable materials on the market for the manufacture of knives, comparing them with the properties of the plastic materials used and determining their suitability as sustainable alternatives in the production of bioplastic knives and contributing to the production of bioplastic knives. in reducing plastic waste that pollutes the environment. The research includes hardness, bending and tensile tests of the selected materials, using appropriate methods, as well as specialized software for design and simulation. Key mechanical properties, such as hardness, elastic modulus, and percent elongation, were evaluated to determine the ability of biodegradable materials to maintain a sharp edge so that they can resist deformation under applied loads. Bending tests showed that bamboo-reinforced wheat bioplastics offered greater resistance to deformation compared to unreinforced bioplastics and other plastic knives. In tensile tests, wheat bioplastic demonstrated higher tensile strength and elongation capacity compared to regular plastic. As a result of the tests carried out, it is considered that the biodegradable materials studied are not only viable from an environmental point of view, but also meet the essential hardness requirements to perform well in cutting different foods. promoting the adoption of new sustainable alternatives in the utensils industry.Item Caracterización y fabricación de madera plástica a partir de la mezcla de aserrín de Pigüe con tereftalato de polietileno reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-06) Mesias Erazo, Gilber Israel; Nuñez Nuñez, Omar Israel; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn the field of Materials Engineering, the demand for improving the mechanical properties of new materials is growing. Experimental design (DOE) with response surface methodology (MSR) under Box– Behnken design was used in this experimental work. This approach allows the manipulation of three input factors with three levels each: extrusion temperature (160, 170 and 180 degrees Celsius), size of Pigüe scrape fibers (No.30, No. 40 and No. 50, under ASTM E11) and percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET 1) (92, 95 y 98 percent). To investigate the behavior of the results obtained and identify their optimal performance points. This methodology facilitated the evaluation of mechanical properties by means of traction tests (ASTM D638-14), compression tests (ASTM D695-15) and flexion tests (ASTM D790-17), followed by the compilation and analysis of the data obtained. Traction, compression and flexion results were tabulated and an analysis was carried out which cast the following suitable case: a thimble number of 30 (ASTM E11) for the size of the particles of the shell, with a 98 percent percentage of PET 1 in the mixture and an extrusion temperature of 160 degrees Celsius. This suitable case exhibits the following mechanical characteristics: for traction, a strength of 13.97 MPa, for compression, a resistance of 3.60 MPa and for bending, a maximum effort of 19.84 MPa. Finally, the design regression model MSR reflects a global desirability value of 0.6085. Keywords: MSR, Box–Behnken, Pigue, PET recycled, DItem Evaluación de propiedades mecánicas de materiales compuestos fabricados a partir de envases plásticos reciclados y goma de neumáticos pulverizados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Aleaga Ulloa, Yessenia Patricia; Valle Velasco, Pablo RaúlThis innovative technique seeks to take advantage of plastic waste and used tires, providing a sustainable and economical alternative for its reuse. The evaluation of mechanical properties is of paramount importance to determine the feasibility and performance of these composite materials. This topic focuses on the evaluation of the mechanical properties of a composite material with a resin matrix, using recycled plastic containers and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement. Comprehensive tests and analyzes have been carried out covering compressive, flexural, tensile strength and SEM Test (Scanning Electron Microscopy). These tests allow us to measure and understand in depth the mechanical characteristics of the material, that is, its ability to support loads, resist deformation and meet specific design requirements. The use of recycled plastic packaging and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement in the resin matrix presents a promising approach to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. It is expected that this type of materials will contribute to the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly products, reduce the amount of plastic waste and abandoned tires. Therefore, meticulous evaluation of the mechanical properties of these composite materials is essential to ensure their quality and applicability in various industries. The results obtained from these tests allow us to obtain crucial information for its implementation in the design and manufacture of more resistant, efficient and sustainable products in the future.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para producir platos con material biodegradable para el Laboratorio de Materiales de la FICM-UTA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Guamanquispe Salas, Paúl Aníbal; Pardo Domínguez, Alex Fabricio; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueFrom an environmental protection point of view, it makes sense to stop using singleuse containers made of polluting plastics and start using biodegradable and compostable products. Biodegradable and compostable tableware is much more environmentally friendly compared to disposable plastic tableware. A biodegradable material decomposes much faster than plastic, thus acting as a solution to a major issue today. Technical and technological know-how was provided to design and build a machine to produce dishes with biodegradable material. Research on biodegradable materials and how it can be transformed into a single-use container was carried out. Afterwards, the design was made considering several proposals of other examples and following design parameters, as well as standards related to the subject. The prototype was built and finally the tests were carried out with a proposed raw material, which is based on wheat bran. The biodegradable plates were manufactured by programming the prototype at a temperature in the matrices of 140 degrees Celsius, a pressure of 7 bars and within one minute a biodegradable plate of approximately 70 grams was obtained. Once the biodegradable plate was achieved, some tests were carried out to get an idea of its mechanical properties, especially its resistance to bending.Item Efecto de la secuencia de apilamiento sobre las propiedades mecánicas y termomecánicas mediante análisis dinámico mecánico (MDA) del compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzado con fibras natural (Chambira) y sintética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Salazar Garcés, Dennis Patricio; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis project details the effect of the stacking sequence regarding the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the composite based on natural fiber (chambira) reinforced with synthetic fiber (glass, carbon and kevlar) and epoxy resin. The composite laminates were pure chambira fiber/epoxy, pure synthetic fiber/epoxy, and hybrid chambira fiber/synthetic/epoxy; They were molded by infusion process and subjected to curing and finally CO2 laser cutting. A descriptive statistic was performed, since due to the asymmetry of the cases it is only possible to analyze the incidence of the stacking sequence on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties by means of DMA of the compounds. Once the tests were completed and the results tabulated, using records and graphs, it was possible to observe that there is a clear advantage of the pure carbon fiber composite, since it far exceeds the rest of the compounds in all the tests. For the hybrid compounds, it was observed that there is no marked domain since some compounds behave better than others depending on the tests to which they have been subjected. Regarding the glass transition temperature, it could be corroborated with what is indicated by the manufacturer in the technical data sheet, where it mentions that the temperature at which the epoxy resin crystallizes is 91 degrees Celsius and in the results of the mechanical dynamic analysis carried out, values were obtained. which always hovered around 90 degrees Celsius.Item Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con fibra de chambira para determinar las propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales ".(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Gavilanes Medina, John Paúl; Vaca Ortega, Wilson HenryThis work was the development of a composite material based on polyester resin matrix reinforced with chambira fiber, this fiber is native to the Amazonian regions of South America, which is worked by the peoples of the sector as is the Huaorani community of the province of Pastaza for the production of handicrafts and tools for their daily life as clothing, agriculture, etc. The research focused on the mechanical characterization of the composite material through the application of tensile, flexural and impact tests, which are governed by the specifications of ASTM D3039, ASTM D7264 and ASTM D5628 respectively. For which two fiber configurations were established: randomly and longitudinally mixed cut, with volumetric variations of 80 percent matrix and 20 percent reinforcement, 70 percent matrix and 30 percent reinforcement and 60 percent matrix and 40 percent reinforcement, obtaining six groups of specimens with five samples in each one, giving a total of ninety specimens analyzed. Once the mechanical characterization of each group of specimens of the new composite material was carried out, it was determined that the volumetric composition with the best properties is that of 60 percent polyester matrix with 40 percent chambira fiber with a longitudinal fiber configuration, with a maximum tensile strength of 92.49 MPa and a maximum flexural strength of 40.73 MPa. This new material can be applied in the production of office furniture and accessories in the automotive industry.Item Análisis estadístico con metodología de superficies de respuesta para la optimización de las propiedades mecánicas a tracción, flexión e impacto del material híbrido de matriz epóxica, reforzada con fibra de vidrio y abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-10) Cunalata Caiza, César Marcelo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn the present experimental work, the analysis of the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite material was carried out, which is reinforced by natural abaca fibers arranged in a flat weave and fiberglass in a thermostable epoxy resin polymer matrix This material was vacuum molded and subsequently subjected to a CO2 laser cut. In the work, a Response Surface Methodology MSR with a Box-Behnken design is proposed which establishes that the minimum of input factors to consider is three and for each factor three levels, which are: Orientation of the tissue of natural fiber: 0, 45, 90 sexagesimal degrees, Fiberglass thickness: 0, 1, 2 mm, and the Curing temperature: 20, 50, 80 degrees Celsius, With this configuration, the design suggests a specific number of treatments with different configurations of factors and levels, from which data will be obtained after the execution of the destructive tests, data that will be validated with the fulfillment of parametric assumptions, thus guaranteeing high reliability throughout the statistical analysis process, consequently the variability ANOVA of the data provided by the MSR design was examined, specifying the significant effects and their incidence on the mechanical properties, later the analysis is complemented with the optimization of each mechanical property analyzed through the desirability function. The results of this investigation determined that the optimal configuration of the factors to take advantage of the mechanical properties is: Orientation of the natural fiber 0 degrees, Thickness of fiberglass 0.76 mm and a Curing temperature of 42.42 degrees Celsius, the regression model of the MSR design explains up to 96,69 per cent the variability of the properties, with an Overall Desirability value of 0,7931.Item Análisis del material vulcanizado caucho estireno-butadieno 1502 con dióxido de silicio amorfo y su incidencia en la resistencia a la abrasión, fatiga por flexión y dureza, mediante la utilizaciòn de normas NTE-INEN-ISO, en la empresa Carvifactory CIA LTDA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Carpio Vega, Mario Alexander; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn the present investigation, the mechanical behavior of a compression vulcanized composite material, consisting of Rubber SBR 1502, Amorphous Silicon Dioxide and other compounds was evaluated. In addition, through the use of NTE-INEN-ISO 4649, 20344 and 868 standards, Abrasion Resistance, Flexural Fatigue and Hardness tests were performed, respectively. For this, it was necessary to develop different specimens, manufactured under these 3 same standards. Once all the trial data were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed using two statistical techniques: Factorial Design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) These two statistical strategies allowed validating all the data obtained, defining the significant effects and their influence on the mechanical properties evaluated and optimize each of the response variables according to the NTE-INEN-ISO 20345, 20346 and 20347 requirement standards, which specify the minimum, maximum or range values for each property evaluated. After analyzing all the data, it is observed that the RSM is the most appropriate tool to study the effects of the factors on the variables in this investigation. Thus, by means of the composite desirability function of 0.858, it is defined that the combination that allows keeping within the 3 requirements is a material composed of 100 PHR of Rubber SBR 1502 + 44 PHR Amorphous Silicon Dioxide + 30 PHR of the others compounds, where an Abrasion Resistance of 136.5271 mm3 was obtained, an Incision Growth of 0.4034 mm and a Hardness of 66.87 SHORE A.Item Estudio de un banco de pruebas de flexión pura en nylon para determinar el diagrama esfuerzo deformación del material en el Laboratorio de Sistemas de Medición y Control Industrial de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015-04) Morales Chancusig, Pablo Francisco; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioEl proyecto de Investigación: “Estudio de un banco de pruebas de flexión pura en nylon para determinar el diagrama esfuerzo deformación del material en el laboratorio de sistemas de medición y control industrial de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica.”, ha sido realizado por la importancia que tiene el implementar un banco de pruebas de flexión pura en nylon que establezca el diagrama esfuerzo deformación del material y a su vez dotar con elementos prácticos el Laboratorio de Automatización. Se inicia recopilando información necesaria acerca del comportamiento de una viga sometida a flexión, se analiza la importancia de los polímeros en la industria, a continuación se indaga la norma que rige y determina las pruebas de flexión en polímeros, en este caso el nylon; posteriormente se investiga el funcionamiento de un banco de pruebas de flexión para determinar los componentes que está constituido, estableciendo así los elementos acordes para el banco de pruebas de flexión. Se determina que el equipo trabaja mediante accionamientos entre ellos: el neumático, hidráulico y mecánico; para establecer cuál de ellos es el más acorde al banco de pruebas en estudio, se realiza la ponderación respectiva de cada uno, llegando a ser el más factible el accionamiento neumático. Una vez que se ha identificado el mejor accionamiento, se inicia el diseño para determinar medidas y materiales, así también el control del equipo el cual consta de relés, paro de emergencia, botoneras y selector de funciones, ubicados en el exterior para su operación; una vez construido se empieza con la adquisición de datos mediante la colocación de una resistencia variable o potenciómetro lineal deslizante, que varía el voltaje para ser transmitido a un sistema analógico / digital y codificar los datos que serán llevados a la interfaz del programa, para apreciar en la ventana gráfica la curva de deformación del material en el diagrama esfuerzo-deformación, una vez que se ha registrado se realiza una guía de práctica para que los estudiantes tenga un respaldo en el desarrollo de sus prácticas.