Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Gestión técnica de los factores de riesgo ergonómico de los trabajadores pertenecientes al área de producción de la empresa Inyecciones Beltrán(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-07) Zurita Sancho, Michael Dennis; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneIn the technical management, data applicable to ergonomic studies in the industrial sector was collected. The company employs 8 workers per workday, located in 3 positions: injection operators, suppliers, and packagers, who belong to a group vulnerable to acquiring disorders and physical problems due to ergonomic factors affecting their work activities. The management started with collecting general data based on a risk matrix endorsed by the Colombian standard GTC-45, obtaining 15 risk factors categorized as acceptable, acceptable with specific control, and not acceptable. A Nordic format survey was conducted, yielding data with limitations affecting workers' productivity, identifying severe risk factors in the metacarpal area as the most affected with 72.33 percent, and the dorsolumbar section with 63.33 percent. Five types of evaluations were applied, covering the analysis and assessment of repetitive movements using the OCRA method (NTP629), load handling using the GINSHT method (INSHT), overexertion due to load handling evaluated from the Snook and Ciriello tables (ISO11223), forced postures using the RULA method (NTP452), and determination of thermal stress through WBGT (NTP322). With the obtained data, a work risk matrix was created, implemented by the technical secretary of the National Council for Gender Equality according to Resolution No. CNIG-ST-2023-008, along with a control plan based on the comprehensive plan for the prevention of occupational risks implemented by the Ministry of Labor. Keywords: Ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders, repetitive movements, load handling, pushing load, OCRA Checklist, GINSHT, Snook and Ciriello, WBGT thermal stress.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para ejercitar dorsales altos y bajos destinada para el gimnasio del Campus Huachi del centro deportivo de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-07) Mopocita Ortiz, Oscar Fabricio; Correa Jácome, Juan FranciscoThis research project focuses on the design and construction of a machine designed to exercise the upper and lower back. The proposed equipment will be delivered to the gym on the Huachi campus of the Sports Center of the Technical University of Ambato. The need arises due to the absence of a machine with these characteristics in this location. To address this challenge, necessary anthropometric body measurements were taken of the students who will frequent this gym, with the purpose of developing an ergonomic design that guarantees optimal health and efficient performance for those who use this new addition. The importance of having ergonomic equipment adapted to the measurements and needs of the users lies in the reduction of injuries derived from inadequate postures or the use of machines not specifically designed for students who practice sports in this environment. To achieve this objective, a rigorous mechanical design process will be carried out using the software tool specialized in this type of designs. In addition, an analysis and simulation will be carried out in CAE engineering, a crucial tool for evaluating parts and assemblies subjected to individual or simultaneous physical phenomena. In the course of this research, electronic devices and specialized software will be used, which will provide detailed mechanical models of the equipment to be developed. From these models, the most efficient design will be selected to carry out the construction of the equipment. In addition, an exhaustive analysis of the parts and assemblies subject to physical phenomena will be carried out, allowing a comprehensive validation of the project. It should be noted that the materials necessary for the construction of the machinery will be purchased locally, within the province of Tungurahua. These materials will undergo mechanical processes during the assembly and construction of the equipment, thus ensuring the quality and efficiency of the final product. Keywords: Anthropometry, ergonomics, properties, mechanics, mechanical design, physical phenomenItem Diseño y construcción de un sistema de elevación con mecanismo neumático para la empresa Ciauto Cía. Ltda.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Minda Maldonado, Justin Rafael; Torres Lizano, María de los Angeles; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínThe problem with this project was the handling and transport of tyres in the area, due to the fact that the stacking of these objects is carried out manually, causing musculoskeletal efforts in the operators and a prolonged execution time, slowing down the productivity of the assembly plant. The technical work was developed through the collection of information with the help of the operators in the corresponding area to understand the process of stacking and transporting the tyres with a range of 75 lifts during the eight hours of daily work. Subsequently, the pneumatic design was implemented to a lifting mechanism whose zero gravity type operation improves the ergonomics of this process and speeds up its execution, additionally it meets the transport needs proposed within the company; and finally, the structural design of the bridge crane was developed, verifying the results in accordance with the CMAA-74 and AISC Design Guide 7 standards. The structure was complemented with the mechanism for its execution as a whole to allow its free movement through the work area. At the end of the work, it was found that the time of stacking and transport of tyres was reduced compared to the initial state of the project, which improves productivity in the area of assembly of the company CIAUTO CÍA. LTDA. Likewise, the improvement in ergonomics that is produced thanks to the structure that includes the pneumatic mechanism, benefits the occupational health of each of the operators.Item Propuesta de mejoramiento del puesto de trabajo de encalado de la empresa Prodegel S.A., desde una perspectiva ergonómica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Valencia Reyes, Jorge Andrés; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneThe company Prodegel S.A., aware of importance of the health and well-being of its workers, has decided to develop an improvement proposal focused on the whitewashing workplace. This proposal has a solid ergonomic basis, recognizing that an adequate design of the work environment can reduce the risks associated with work and enhance employee efficiency and satisfaction. In this project the whitewashing area was redesigned having the basis of ergonomics. To achieve this goal, an action plan divide into three stages was established. The first is the identification of risk factors using an estimation matrix, which allows a preliminary diagnosis of current problems. Subsequently, method LEST was applied for a preliminary evaluation of the ergonomic risks. The INSIGHTS method stands out for its ability to offer detailed insights areas of improvement. Finally, with all the information collected, a design proposal was developed and applied that controls and mitigates the identified risks. This proposal not only seeks to eliminate health threats, but also optimize the performance and comfort of workers. Prodegel S.A. reaffirms its commitment to excellence and an wellbeing workplace.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para desarrollar la musculatura del hombro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-01) Núñez Tipanguano, Andrés David; Valencia Poaquiza, Eduardo José; San Antonio Serrano, Thalía DaniellaThe work carried out seeks to satisfy the creation of a machine in the field of physical conditioning, which adapts to the conditions of the working environment, since, in the market of foreign gym machines, the anthropometric differences do not adjust adequately to the body dimensions of our country, which prevents users from finding the correct position for the development of the exercises. Within the framework of this project, exhaustive bibliographic research of patents related to similar machines was carried out. This research allowed us to select the most relevant elements as a starting point for the design. In addition, anthropometric data was collected from the users of the gym in order to make an optimal ergonomic design for the machine. Once all the necessary information had been collected, the design and simulation of the machine was carried out. Analytical calculations were carried out to verify the reliability and safety of the proposed design. The result of the project culminated in a very robust machine, designed to fit the anthropometric dimensions of the people in the gymnasium of the Technical University of Ambato. This adaptability guarantees an optimized user experience, allowing a safe and reliable workout for those who use it. The combination of a solid construction and an ergonomic design provides a feeling of safety and confidence when using it, so that after performing the corresponding tests, favorable results based on recommendations are obtained, which translates into a highly functional and suitable equipment for the gymnasium of the Technical University of Ambato.Item Diseño y construcción de un dosificador para envasar jabón líquido en botellas de 250 ml en la asociación de personas de la tercera edad San Antonio de Quisapincha de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-08) Amores Bastidas, Henry Gabriel; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar IvánThe Association of Senior Citizens of San Antonio de Quisapincha, in the province of Tungurahua, requires a packaging method for handmade liquid soap. In collaboration with the Linking Unit of the Technical University of Ambato, the idea was to design and build a semiautomatic soap dispenser with a 250-ml presentation to reduce manufacturing costs. The study was based on bibliographic sources and field studies, demonstrating the feasibility of implementing the equipment. Safe materials were used for contact with the soap, especially AISI 304 stainless steel for its durability and resistance to corrosion. An efficient packaging method suitable for the association's production capacity was selected to ensure its economic viability, and a pneumatic system was used to facilitate its use. Calculations, designs, and machining processes were carried out, and plans and computer simulations were generated. Ergonomic and production time studies were also carried out to determine the bottle filling capacity. The proposed semi-automatic dosing machine offers an effective and safe solution for the packaging of handmade liquid soap; the use of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder allows precise dosing of 50 ml per drive. The materials used and the design of the equipment guarantee its long-term durability and efficiency. This project contributes to the welfare of the association and has the potential to be applied in other similar contexts if required.Item Diseño ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo en el área de control de calidad en la empresa Textil Corporación Impactex Cia. Ltda.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) López Ortega, Julio César; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneThis technical project was developed for necessity to perform an ergonomic design of quality control area in Corporación Impactex CIA.LTDA, it takes main attention on users who presented symptoms of a possible musculoskeletal disorder in execution of their various activities. There’re some factors were identified mainly in forced postures, loads lifting and repetitive movements. Besides, to determine the risk levels with internationally recognized methods, to see if they are suitable to the requirements of the worker. For this reason, it´s stablished a program for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders is established, through the use of necessary anthropometric measures and ergonomic principles of workplace design. For this study the most important fact was to identify the risk factors to which workers are exposed in the area of quality control, applying the standardized Nordic questionnaire to assess the risk levels of each job, then an anthropometric study of the operators based on the standard NTE INEN-ISO 7250-1, with the purpose of proposing an adequate ergonomic design to improve the well-being when performing each of the activities, creating dimensional standards to adapt the measures of the workstation to the user, both in seated and standing position, with the purpose of reducing risk levels and providing benefits to the company with the increase of productivity and efficiency.Item Diseño de una prótesis ergonómica para el uso de una persona con discapacidad en su extremidad inferior(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Vaca Lara, Alex Orlando; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneA feasibility analysis of three alternatives is carried out for the development of the prosthesis with different mechanisms, based on the weighted criteria of low cost, functionality and reliability, ease of manufacturing and assembly, technological innovation and ergonomics. It was made a measurement of the anthropometric dimensions of a sample of 360 adult male people to determine the body measurements that should be considered in the design of the prosthesis for the dimensioning of the elements. From the weighting of the criteria, it is established that cost, functionality and reliability have a greater weight. Under considerations exposed, alternative 1 was selected consisting of a prosthesis with hydraulic drive, which has three main components such as a socket, a leg with a hydraulic cylinder inside and a template that meets the function of the human foot. The materials considered are for the case of the carbon fiber socket, the PP Polypropylene leg and the POM polymer acetal template. The construction of the leg and the template is done through a molding process complemented by a finish by polishing and painting. By checking the stress resistance of Von Mises or Distortion Energy, it is determined that the maximum tension is 44.85 MPa, with a design safety factor of 3.8, which is higher than the required minimum of 2.5.Item Diseño ergonómico y construcción del asiento para un prototipo de auto eléctrico BIPLAZA UTA-CIM17(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Intriago Sánchez, Gonzalo Andrés; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneThe present technical project prior to obtaining the title of mechanical engineer is based on the "ERGONOMIC DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE SEAT FOR A PROTOTYPE OF SELF-ELECTRIC BIPLAZA UTA-CIM17", by means of which all the guards of the technical university of Ambato to be able to obtain the anthropometric measurements since said measures will be evaluated and the calculation of percentiles will be carried out in order to determine which are the measures of interest or that will help us to design the seat correctly, after obtaining the appropriate measures proceeds to the software design of the seat, to be able to proceed to the simulation of the same to be able to determine the mechanical resistance of the seat under the ECE R14 standard, which will corroborate that the design complies with the minimum safety conditions, finally proceed to the construction of the seat using materials that are certified, for this we have obtained a certificate of flammability of the sponge to be used and also a certificate of homologation of the 3-point retractable safety belt.Item Estudio ergonómico de procesos en el área de clasificación de brócoli para los trabajadores de la empresa Pro-Floret de la ciudad de Latacunga(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Potosi Telenchana, Darwin Arturo; Lascano Moreta, Alejandra MarleneIn the present technical project, an ergonomic study of the working conditions in the broccoli classification area of the company PRO-FLORET was carried out to mitigate the occupational risks related to the ergonomic risks. Starting the study with a general analysis of the daily activities carried out in the work posts, then it was the identification of the existing labor risks in the company and the estimation of them by means of the qualitative-quantitative method, with the help of the Matrix of triple consideration (Probability, Gravity and Vulnerability) prescribed in the Ministry of Labor Relations. The methods that were used for the analysis of the identified workstations are: RULA Method, NIOSH Method, Check List OCRA Method and Fanger method with the application of the norm UNE-EN ISO 7730/2006, being able to identify the activities or tasks of the jobs with the greatest potential for risk to the health of workers. As a result of the analysis performed it was obtained that the area of floreteo in ergonomic risk factor repetitive movements gave a value of 23.58 which is a high value that gives the presence of musculoskeletal disorders. And for the work of storage was obtained for the factor of risk manual manipulation of loads a value of 3.28 that corresponds to risk from the ergonomic point of view.